BACKGROUND:The implantable artificial pacemaker that needs long-term wear is in direct contact with human body tissue, and thus, biocompatibility of the materials is very important. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the material progress and material-related complications of implantable artificial pacemakers. METHODS:Articles related to implantable artificial pacemaker materials and related complications were searched in Wanfang database and PubMed database from 2000 to 2015. The keywords were pacemaker; materials; pacemaker leads; pacemaker electrode; complication in Chinese and English, respectively. Finaly, 27 articles were included and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The implantable artificial pacemakers are in direct contact with the body tissues through the titanium alloy shell covering the pulser, the electrode wire covering the silicone, polyurethane, epoxy resin, and the electrode materials (including carbon, platinum-iridium alloy, Elgilog alloy). These materials have good physical and chemical properties as well as good cytocompatibility, electrophysiological compatibility and blood compatibility with the human body that have been confirmed in the past decades. However, material-related complications often occur, such as contact dermatitis, wire breakage, dislocation, cardiac perforation, venous thrombosis and tricuspid regurgitation along the wire, capsular infection and hematoma when placing the pulser. With the rapid development of today's microelectronic technology, research on the modification of pacemaker materials and the pacing system has been ongoing and has made considerable progress. Moreover, wireless pacemaker development and clinical application may be the future direction of development.

‘Pathemas in meridians and collaterals’, a new word in stroke, is put forward by CHENG Men-xue. He emphasizes that pathemas in meridians and collaterals plays an important part in syndrome differentiation of stroke. Attention should be paied to meridians and collaterals when we treat stoke. Drugs with function of dispelling wind and removing obstruction in the meridians should be used in the whole process of the stroke.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of thalidomide combined with NP regimen in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to analyse the change of VEGF and bFGF in peripheral blood in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods 57 patients with advanced NSCLC were divided randomly into NP plus thalidomide treatment group and NP contrast group,and VEGF and bFGF were measured by ELISA. Results The response rate was 44.4 % in trial group and 23.8% in control group (P>0.05). The clinical benefit rate were 77.8% in trial group and 42.9% in control group (P>0.05). The median TIP was 5.1 months and 3.0 months for trial group and control group respectively(P=0.05). Patients in benefit in trial group had a remarkable decrease in the number of VEGF (P<0.05) while patients in benefit in control group had a little decrease in the number of VEGF (P>0.05). Patients out of benefit in trial group and control group had a increase in the number of VEGF (P<0.05). Patients in benefit in trial group and control group had a tendency of decrease in the number of bFGF (P>0.05) while patients out of benefit in trial group and control group had a remarkable increase in the number of bFGF(P<0.05). Conclusion The addition of thalidomide to NP regimen results in significantly and clinically meaningful improvement in response rate, median time to tumor progression, and clinical benefit rate compared with NP alone in advanced NSCLC patients.Thalidomide in combination with chemotherapy shows a favorable toxic profile in advanced cancer patients.VEGF and bFGF can be detected in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the functional protective effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) against light-in-duced retinal degeneration. Design experimental studies. Participants sixty SD rats were divided randomly into 6 groups. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 24 hours to 2000-lux cool white fluorescent light after treatment with LBP. Scotopic flash elec-troretinogram (ERG) were recorded before and on day D1, D6 and D14 after light exposure. The b-wave amplitude was statistic. In addi-tion, rats from each group were killed for retinal morphometric analyses. Main outcome Measure The amplitudes of b-wave of scotopic flash ERG, the histopathological changes. Results In the untreated group, light exposure caused collapse of the b-wave sensitivity curves. Bmax was reduced by 29.97% at D1 without subsequent recovery. Histopathology of the temporal superior central retinas of rats showed outer segment disorganization and shortening, the inner segments swelled and vacuolated, the outer nuclear layer thicknesses decreased markedly with subsequent recovery. In the treated groups, light exposure had a weaker effect on sensitivity curves. The values of b-wave amplitude were significantly increased than those in the exposed-untreated group (P=0.005). Retinal morphometry was pre-served. Conclusion LBP afford functional protection against light-induced retinal damage. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 229-233)

Objective To assess language function in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes in children(BECTS) and its association with the age of epilepsy onset.Methods We assessed language function in 63 children with BECTS and 30 age and sex matched controls by the subtest of CWISC.Results Children with BECTS performed significantly worse on all language tasks as compared to controls and overall better language function was positively correlated with older age of the child.Early age at seizure onset demonstrated significant negative correlation with language dysfunction,age below 6 years being related to the lowest performance scores(P ＜ 0.05).There was no relationship between the language function and the laterality of epileptic focus,seizure treatment status,or the duration of epilepsy(P ＞ 0.05).There was significant relationship between the language dysfunction and onset age of epilepsy (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Children with BECTS have language difficulties that are more pronounced in younger age group.Despite better language functioning in older children with BECTS,their verbal abilities remain inferior to those of children without epilepsy.Early age at seizure onset is a significant factor predicting worse language functioning in children with BECTS.

Objective To improve the understanding of the vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) by analyzing the MRA imaging features of VBD.Methods The data of 438 patients underwent MRA were analyzed in the study.The length and transverse deviation of the basilar arteries (BA) were measured for the diagnosis and classification of VBD.Of 438 patients, 342 patients were diagnosed as brain infarction (BI) by head MRI.All of the BI patients were divided into 2 groups (VBD and non-VBD) and the classifications of BI were compared between the two groups.Results Of 438 patients, 16 were diagnosed with VBD by MRA.According to the modality of VBD on MRA, VBD were classified into 4 types: S type, U type, L type and spiral type.Among the 16 patients, there were 7 patients with S type, 5 patients with U type, 3 patients with L type and 1 patient with spiral type.S type had the highest incidence and the mildest symptom.The incidence of VBD in BI patients was 3.98%, and the incidence of BI in VBD patients was 2.1 times greater than that of patients without VBD (P<0.05).Conclusion VBD can be classified into 4 types according to the MRA results.The clinical symptoms are varied with different imaging features, and VBD is closely related to the posterior circulation ischemia, especially brainstem infarction.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Shengxuening Tablets combined with erythropoietin(EPO) for the treatment of anemia in premature infants.Methods Sixty premature infants aged 31+1 to 32+6 weeks were randomized into two groups.The treatment group received Shengxuening Tablets combined with EPO,and the control group received EPO.The treatment lasted 4 weeks.Before treatment,and 7,14,21 and 28 days after treatment,hemoglobin(Hb) level,hematocrit(HCT),and reticulocyte(Ret) were detected.Meanwhile,the changes of serum ferrum(SF) content and total iron bind capacity(TIBC) before treatment and 14 and 28 days after treatment were observed.Results The cure and markedly effective rate was 96.7% in the treatment group and 80.0% in the control group(P

Objective:To explore efficacy of the rehabilitative strategy in hospitalized schizophrenics.Method:Sixty-four schizophrenic patients were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group.Both groups received the anti-psychotics therapy, but the teamwork education,medication management skills training module, symptom management skills training module were only given to the intervention group for ten weeks. And a one-year follow-up was carried out after their discharge from hospital. All subjects were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Nurses` Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation-30 (NOSIE-30), Insight and the Attitude to Treatment Scale, Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), Morning Side Scale. We also recorded the relapse rate, reemployment rate, and re-hospitalization rate. Result:The clinical outcome of the intervention group was significantly superior to the control group on overall improvement according to PANSS (31.17?3.13 vs 52.34?13.02,7.34?1.08 vs 12.36?4.28,7.76?2.13 vs 13.26?4.50,16.13?1.82 vs 32.17?9.82 ),increase of active factor score of NOSIE-30 (-18.3?3.2 vs 14.4?6.7),and the reduction of inactive factor score of NOSIE-30(9.4?6.2 vs -22.3?7.4).The relapse rate(9.4% vs 54.8%),re-hospitalization rate(3.2% vs 42%),reemployment rate(37.5% vs 9.6%)were also better in the intervention group.Conclusion:The effect of rehabilitative strategy for schizophrenic patients not only improves the symptom, but also their social function.

Objective To evaluate the effect of injecting UK and Herbesser into the target coronary artery where no-reflow happened during percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods Among the 820 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who underwent PCI from Jan. 1990 to Apr. 2004, no-reflow phenomenon occurred in 86 patients. Three hundred cases with acute myocardial infraction (AMI) underwent primary PCI, no-reflow phenomenon occurred in 50 cases. In the other 520 unstable angina pectoris (UAP) cases, no-reflow phenomenon occurred in 36 cases during PCI. All the 86 patients with no-reflow were given intra-coronary arteries nitroglycerin but 78 of them showed no improvement in coronary perfusion and were in turns devided into 3 groups randomly. Group A (n=26) was given intra-vessel UK and Herbesser alternately. The maximan dosage of UK was 2?105 U kIU and 2 mg for Herbesser. Group B (n=24) was given intra-coronary Herbesser 500 ?g each time until the maximum amount reached 2 mg. Group C (n=28) was given UK which maximun dosage was 2?105 U. Results All the 26 cases in Group A showed significant improvement in blood flow (P

In recent years,nuclear medical imaging has become a routine examining technology.In general,angiographic medicine has to be injected into human body.Considering the short-coming of the manual injection,it seriously needs a injecting pump with the functions such as auto-control,push-pull injecting,synchronous injection of two injectors.