Objective To prepare high-quality refined and depolymerized capsular polysaccharide(CPS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae for preparation of polysaccharide vaccine and polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae.Methods Refined CPS of type 6A was prepared by acid precipitation method from the inactivated fermentation broth of type 6A Streptococcus pneumoniae,and the final concentration of CaCl_2(80,160,240,320 mmol/L) and pH(2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0) were optimized.Three batches of type 6A refined CPSs were prepared by the optimized method,and the applicability of the method to polysaccharides of 5,7F,10A and 19F types was verified.After removing impurities from the inactivated broth of type 6 A Streptococcus pneumoniae by acid precipitation,the type 6 A depolymerized CPS was prepared by trifluoroacetic acid method,and the reaction temperature(8,25 and 40℃),the final concentration of trifluoroacetic acid(0.25,0.50,1.00 mol/L) and the reaction time(1,3,6 h) were optimized.Three batches of depolymerized CPSs were prepared by the optimized method,and compared with the high-pressure homogenization method,and then the applicability of trifluoroacetic acid method to depolymerized CPSs of 5,10A and 19F types was verified.The quality of refined and depolymerized CPSs was tested according to the methods specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol Ⅲ,2020 edition).Results The optimum final concentration of CaCl_2 and pH of acid precipitation method were 160 mmol/L and 3.0 respectively.The prepared type 6A,5,7F,10A and 19F refined CPSs were all qualified.The optimum reaction temperature,reaction time and final concentration of trifluoroacetic acid were 25℃,3 h and 0.50 mol/L for trifluoroacetic acid method.The prepared type 6A,5,10A and 19F depolymerized CPSs were all qualified.Conclusion The refined and depolymerized CPSs of Streptococcus pneumoniae prepared in this study meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol Ⅲ,2020 edition),and the preparation process is suitable for the preparation of various types of polysaccharides.

The increase of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a key link in causing the pathological changes in vasogenic brain edema and inflammatory reaction. In recent years, a number of studies have indicaded that a lot of mediators participated in the structural and functional changes and damage of BBB during the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

C.Conclusion: The drug releasing rate of Icariin Ointment made of emulsion ointment base is the fastest.

There exists different view in the goal of investigative study.Based on the self-fulfilling cycles of self-regulated learning,the author of the article puts forward that developing the ability of self-regulated learning by doing investigative study according to each phase characteristic of self-regulated learning is one of the important goals of investigative study.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance change of acinetobacter baumannii in prima‐ry hospital during 2005-2014 to provide reference for clinical rational drug use .Methods The infection characteristics of acineto‐bacter baumannii in primary hospital during 10 years and its resistance to 10 kinds of common antibacterial drugs was analyzed .Re‐sults A total of 576 strains of acinetobacter baumannii were isolated during 2005-2014 ,accounting for 31 .44% of all Gram nega‐tive bacteria ,which was significantly higher than that of Escherichia coli ,pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumonia bacillus (P<0 .05);446 strains were mainly originated from the sputum specimens (77 .43% ) and 290 strains(50 .35% ) from ICU ;the re‐sistant rate was 44 .44% for CSL ,62 .24% for MIN and more than 70 .00% for 8 kinds of antibacterial drugs of IPM ,MEM ,etc .;which to IPM ,CAZ ,SXT showed the declining trend year by year ,while which to MEM ,AMK ,LEV ,MIN showed the rising trend year by year .Conclusion The isolated acinetobacter baumannii strains in primary hospital are rised year by year ,and generally have resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs ,the clinical doctors should rationally select antibacterial drugs according to the drug susceptibility test results for preventing the occurrence of acinetobacter baumannii infection .

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of nonfunctioning parathyroid cysts (NFPTC) for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods 5 cases of NFPTC were hospitalized during 1985～1999. The clinical features, serum calcium evaluation ultrasonography and nuclide scanning were performed. Postoperative pathologic and immunihistochemistry detection in NFPTC were made.ResultsTumours in the 5 cases were removed by operation and diagnosis was verified by pathology. Tumors were all positive for chromogranin A (CgA),synaptophysin(Syn),and neuron specific enolase(NSE). Follow up found no recurrence. ConclusionsSurgical resection is most effective in treating NFPTC and diagnosis is made by pathologic examination.

With the deepening of the study on traditional Chinese medicinal quality and the rising requirements of TCM quality control, the demand of setting TCM quality were emphasized,as well as higher education course. Surrounding the purpose of exploring the related issues of the traditional Chinesemedicinal courses setting and promoting the college curriculum innovation capability,the paper mainly discussed the course open orientation, the teaching characteristics, objectives, idea, the core content and the training scheme, as well as the plan of course and teaching material construction depended on these contents.

Objective To study the significance of Wnt5a gene expression in gastric carcinoma (GC). Methods The Wnt5a mRNA expressions in SGC7901 cell line and normal gastric mucosa GES-1 cell line were detected by RT-PCR. The Wnt5a protein expressions in 60 GC and 30 matched tumor-adjacent normal tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin-peroxidase method.χ2 test was used to analyze Wnt5a expression on the clinical pathologic features of gastric carcinoma. Results Both Wnt5a mRNA and Wnt5a protein were significantly higher in SGC7901 cells than those in GES-1 cells. The positive rate of Wnt5a protein expression was also significantly higher in GC than that in tumor-adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). Positive expression of Wnt5a was associated with higher degree of regional lymph node metastasis and the later TNM stage (P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher expression of Wnt5a seems to promote invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer, and Wnt5a might play an oncogene-like role in the development of gastric carcinoma.

to observe the clinical effects of warm needling on rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:Patients with rheumatoid were treated with warming needling on the major acupoints of Guanyuan(CV 4),Qihai(CV 6),Zusanli(ST 36),Ganshu(BL 18),Shenshu(BL 23) and Pishu(BL 20),in combination with local acupoints and acupoints on the related meridians,meanwhile,other patients were treated with single needling as control. The patients' joint pain,tenderness,swelling,dysfunction index,gripping force,morning stiffness,walking time of 20 meters,rheumatoid factor,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C response protein,IgG,IgA,and IgM were measured before and after treatments.Results:Warm needling could improve the rheumatoid arthritis patients' symptoms,and had an effective rate of 86.2%,while the single needling had an effective rate of 57.1%(P＜0.01). And the therapeutic effects were related to the disease duration and condition. Conclusion:Warm needling has a better clinical effects on rheumatoid arthritis than the single needling,with obvious functions of anti-inflammation,relieving pain and regulating immunity.

Objective To observe the occurrence of vascular calcification in maintenance hemedialysis (MHD) patients. Method Sixty-nine MHD patients were enrolled in this study. Vascular calcification was evaluated by plain X-my films of chest, upper and lower extremites. Analyzed the relationship of vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. Results Vascular calcification on X-ray films presented in 38 cases (55%). Of the 23 cases with calcification on arteries of extremites, 14 cases were found to have both intimal calcification and medial calcification. Patients with vascular calcification were older. Ischemic heart disease and cardiac failure appeared more frequently in the patients with vascular calcification. Conclusions Both intimal calcification and medial calcification are frequently found in the MHD patients. Vascular calcification is probablly associated with cardiovascular disease in MHD patients.