Objective To analyse the distribution and evolution law of TCM syndrome for elderly hypertension (EH), to provide evidence for syndrome standardization study. Methods Case history of 2 029 EH patients during recent ten years were investigated in the way of epidemiology. The main and complicated syndrome types were studied. Results The main syndrome types of EH were yin deficiency of liver and kidney (40.0%), kidney qi deficiency (28.4%), hyperactivity of liver-yang (9.7%), excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness (7.4%), collateral obstruction by blood stasis (6.6%), phlegm and blood stasis (5.7%), liver-fire hyperactivity (1.1%). The complicated syndrome types were liver-fire hyperactivity (26.5%), excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness (9.6%), collateral obstruction by blood stasis (7.2%), phlegm and blood stasis (5.5%), kidney yin deficiency (3.7%). Conclusion The distribution of EH TCM syndrome is mainly about deficiency syndromes, in which kidney qi deficiency syndrome is very common, and mostly complicated with phlegm and blood.

Abstract BACKGROUND:Studies have found that Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, opening up a new way of studying molecular genetics. So far more than 100 kinds of SOD1 gene mutations have been found. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the hot spot, research front and knowledge base of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis visualy. METHODS:Totaly 4 693 relevant articles published from 2005 to 2014 were retrieved from Web of Science in ISI with “Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase” or “SOD1” as search keywords. With the aid of CiteSpace III software, the visualization mapping of the network in co-cited articles and keywords was drawn to reveal knowledge base, hot spots and research front of SOD1. The parameters include the number of published papers and citations within 10 years, distribution of research countries and institutions, main source journals, research area of highly cited papers, keywords with high-frequency and emerging keywords with high-frequency in recent 5 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of published papers and citations in a year showed a trend of sustained growth. United State, China and Japan rank the top three in this area, in which Chinese Academy of Sciences has a great influence among the research institutions. The research fields of SOD1 focus on neurosciences and neurology, biochemistry and molecular biology and so on. The high impact factors of journals with a large number of articles reflect the importance and innovation of this research. Ten high-cited articles consist of the knowledge base on SOD1, directing to the finding of different sites of SOD1 mutation and the measurement of protein concentrations and activity of SOD. The hot spots of SOD1 mainly focus on oxidative stress, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by SOD1 mutation and different types of transgenic animal models. The research fronts mainly focus on the finding of pathogenesis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, such as the aggregation of TDP-43, the interaction between astrocytes and motor neurons, optineurin and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 and autophagy.

Objective: To understand and analyze the current situation and secular trends for prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2005 to 2014, and to provide important scientific basis for students' nutrition improvement.Methods: All the subjects aged 7-18 years in both sexes were sampled from 2005, 2010 and 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health.According to the new students' health standard of Screening Standard for Malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents(WS/T456-2014) in 2014 of China, the nutritional status of children in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan province) were analyzed and compared in different ages, genders, regions and provinces from 2005 to 2014.The Tibetan students was used with the data of Tibetan minority and all the other students from 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) were Han minority.Results: The prevalence of malnutrition of children and adolescents of Han minority aged 7-18 years in 2014 was 10.0%.The prevalence of malnutrition components, including stunting, mild wasting and moderate severe wasting, were 0.8%, 3.7%, and 5.5%.Compared with 2005 and 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition of Han children and adolescents in 2014 had declined with 5.0 and 2.6 percentage points, respectively, and its components had declined with 1.0, 1.8, 2.2 and 0.4, 1.1, 1.2 percentage points, respectively.The prevalence of malnutrition of 2014 in boys was higher than in girls (11.1% vs.8.9%), the rural was higher than the urban (11.0% vs.9.1%) and the west (11.7%) was higher than the east (9.0%) and the middle (9.2%).Mild wasting of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years was the main component in malnutrition and the stunting in the Han and Tibetan children and adolescents only accounted for 8.0% and 7.5%, respectively.Compared with 2005 and 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition for Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in 2014 had declined with various extents constantly, and there was a statistically significant difference among three surveys (P<0.05).Provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with high prevalence of malnutrition mainly concentrated in the southwest of China from 2005 to 2014.Compared with 2005 and 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition declined in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China in 2014.The number of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with high prevalence of malnutrition decreased constantly and increased for the number of province (autonomous regions, municipalities) with low prevalence.Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years had declined from 2005 to 2014, but the total prevalence of malnutrition was still high.Mild wasting was the main component in malnutrition and the prevalence of stunting was low.Provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with high prevalence of malnutrition mainly concentrated in the southwest of China.

A DNA fragment encoding mouse B Lymphocyte Chemoattractant (BLC, MV10Kda) was obtained by PCR. The amplified fragment was inserted into prokaryotic expression vector PQE30. Recombinant protein was expressed in E. Coli XL-1 blue and purified by affinity chromatography on a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid gel matrix. Then it was identified by sequence analysis and Western blot analysis. The fragment inserted into prokaryotic expression vector PQE30 was identified to be BLC gene fragment by sequence analysis. And a specfic band was shown by Western blot analysis. These findings provide the evidence that the recombinant protein obtained and purified in this study using gene engineering method is mouse B Lymphocyte Chemoattractant.
Animals ; Chemokine CXCL13 ; Chemokines, CXC ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Prokaryotic Cells ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between malnutrition and the level of blood pressure (BP) as well as elevated BP (EBP) in Han students aged 7 to 18 years in China. Methods: 170 037 subjects with normal nutritional status and malnutrition were enrolled in this study from 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health with a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling framework covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities after the exclusion of 44 317 overweight and obese students. According to the standard of "Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents" (WS/T456-2014), the nutritional status of children were classified into two categories, normal nutritional status and malnutrition containing stunting, mild wasting and moderate severe wasting. The level of BP and prevalence of EBP were compared between students with normal nutritional status and malnutrition. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between malnutrition and EBP. Results: The levels of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in Chinese Han students aged 7-18 years who were non-overweight and non-obesity status were (103.4±12.3) and (64.7±9.5) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively. The prevalence of EBP, systolic EBP and diastolic EBP in Chinese Han malnourished students (N=21 012) were 3.1% (n=649), 1.5% (n=324) and 2.1% (n=445), respectively, which was significantly lower than those (N=148 320) with normal nutritional status (4.5% (n=6 707), 2.6% (n=3 872) and 2.7% (n=3 959)), and the corresponding differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The OR (95%CI) between malnutrition and EBP was 0.68 (0.62-0.73), which were 0.65 (0.58-0.72) and 0.68 (0.60-0.77) for boys and girls. The OR (95%CI) between EBP and stunting as well as mild wasting and moderate severe wasting were 0.69 (0.62-0.77), 0.63 (0.55-0.72) and 0.79 (0.60-1.05), respectively. Conclusion The level of BP and prevalence of EBP in Chinese Han students with malnutrition were lower than those with normal nutritional status. The negative correlation existed between malnutrition and EBP in Chinese Han students aged 7 to 18 years.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years in 2014, and explore related influencing factors. Methods: This study recruited 106 881 Han students aged 13-18 years who had taken physical fitness test from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 2014. After the exclusion of 1 047 students without complete records of physical fitness test, 105 834 students were included in the final analysis. According to the National Student Physical Health Standard modified in 2014, seven indicators including body mass index, vital capacity, 50-m run, sit-and-reach, standing broad jump, pull-ups/curl-ups and endurance run were tested to calculate the total score of students' physical fitness. Students with score ≥60 were regarded as qualified students. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors of physical fitness. Results: Among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years, the total score was 70.1±10.7 and the qualified rate was 83.9% (n=88 813). Boys (83.5% (44 197/52 910)) had a lower qualified rate of physical fitness than girls (84.3% (44 616/52 924)) (P<0.001), and 13-15 age group (86.5% (46 255/53 465)) was higher than the 16–18 age group (81.3% (42 558/52 369)) (P<0.001). Except for 16–18-year-old boys from central region, normal body mass index, eastern region, good socioeconomic status, enough PE class, exercise time ≥1 h/d, homework time ≥2 h/d, TV time <1 h/d were all related to high qualified rates of physical fitness (P<0.05). Conclusion Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years were in good physical condition. The qualified rates of physical fitness were significantly different by gender and age groups. Nutritional status, region, socioeconomic status, PE class, exercise time per day, homework time per day, and TV time per day were related factors of physical fitness.

Objective To understand and evaluate the characteristics of geographic distribution of high blood pressure prevalence in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in China in 2014,and provide evidence for the prevention of hypertension in children and adolescents.Methods The data of 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health conducting 31 provinces (except Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan) were collected.A total of 216 299 children and adolescents who had complete blood pressure records were selected as study subjects.The low,middle and high prevalence areas were identified according to their high blood pressure detection rates in the children and adolescents,＜4％,4％-7％ and ＞7％,to analyze the geographic distribution of high blood pressure prevalence in the children and adolescents.The environmental data in the capitals of 31 provinces in 2014 were collected to analyze the correlation between environmental factors and blood pressure Z score in the children and adolescents.Results The average detection rates of high blood pressure was 6.4％ in 31 provinces (1.5％-14.2％).The high prevalence areas were mainly distributed in the eastern China,especially the Circum-Bohai sea area,low prevalence areas were mainly distributed in the central and western areas of China and some provinces in the east.Correlation analysis results showed that the annual average temperature,annual average air humidity and local altitude were negatively correlated with blood pressure Z score,including diastolic and systolic blood pressure,in both boys and girls.The annual average sunshine time,PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations,content of SO2 were positively correlated with blood pressure Z score in both boys and girls.Conclusions There was a significant difference in high blood pressure of children and adolescents among 31 provinces.More attention should be paid to the children and adolescents living high prevalence area.And it is necessary to understand environmental factors which can affect the blood pressure of children and adolescents.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of medial plantar venous flow-through flap combined with vein transplantation to repair incomplete finger amputation with circularity soft tissue defect.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients with incomplete finger amputation injury with circularity soft tissue defect treated by medial plantar venous flow-through flap combined with vein transplantation from January 2016 to October 2020 in Longgang Orthopedic Hospital of Shenzhen. According to the length of the arterial and venous defects of the injured finger and the area of the circular wound, a venous flap (including 2-3 veins )was designed and harvested in the medial plantar. And then two superficial veins were harvested from the donor site to repair the dominant digital artery and distal digital vein of the severed finger. One vein in the flap was bridged to repair the non-dominant digital artery of the severed finger, and the other 1-2 veins were anastomosed with the subcutaneous vein of the proximal wound. The recipient site was closed. The donor site was repaired with full-thickness skin grafting. The appearance, two-point discrimination of the flap, as well as the shape, two-point discrimination, and the extension and flexion of the finger were followed up after the operation. The evaluation was performed by the trial standard for the replantation function of amputated fingers of the Chinese Medical Association Hand Surgery Branch.Results:In this study, a total of 11 patients with thermal crush injury were enrolled, including 7 males and 4 females, aged 16-46 years old. Cyclic skin and soft tissue defect was 1.4 cm×4.5 cm - 3.2 cm×5.4 cm in size after debridement, the arterial defect was 1.6-3.5 cm in length, and the venous defect was 1.7-3.3 cm in length. The flap was 1.6 cm×4.6 cm-3.3 cm×5.5 cm in size, and the harvested vein was 1.7-3.5 cm in length. All severed fingers and flaps survived. Eleven cases were followed up 11-18 months. The appearance of flap was not swollen, and the color and texture were close to the surrounding skin. The two-point discrimination was 7-11 mm. The shape of the finger was good, the two-point discrimination was 5-8 mm, and the extension and flexion activity of the finger was good. Ultimately, the hand function of 10 cases could be rated as excellent, and 1 case could be rated as good. There was slight pigmentation in the donor area, but no ulceration or pain, and no obvious abnormality in wearing shoes, walking, or running.Conclusions:The medial plantar venous flow-through flap combined with vascular transplantation is an ideal repair method to repair incomplete finger amputation with circularity soft tissue defect. It can not only reliably rebuild the blood supply of the distal finger, but also repair the annular defect of the proximal finger. The impact on the donor site is slight.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and feasibility of applying a medial plantar vein flap to repair the great toenail flap donor site.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients who underwent great toenail flap or partial great toenail flap transplantation for finger reconstruction from January 2020 to June 2021 in Longgang Orthopedic Hospital of Shenzhen. During the operation, the donor site of the great toenail flap was repaired with medial plantar venous flaps, and the donor site of the medial plantar venous flaps was repaired with a free full-thickness skin graft. The survival of the flap was observed and the appearance, sensation, and complications of the flap were followed up. The foot function was evaluated by the Maryland foot function evaluation standard.Results:A total of 6 cases were enrolled, including 5 males and 1 female with an average of 22 years, ranged from 14-28 years old. The wound area of the great toenail flap was 2.2 cm×3.7 cm-5.5 cm×7.0 cm, and the skin flap was 2.5 cm×3.8 cm-5.5 cm×7.1 cm. All flaps survived. 2 cases developed tension blisters. All patients were followed up for 3-18 months, with an average of 9 months. And all flaps had no swollen appearance, good color, texture, and no ulcers or pain. Two-point discrimination was 7-10 mm, and the second/third donor area was concealed. According to the Maryland foot function evaluation standard, all 6 cases were rated as excellent.Conclusion:The application of the medial plantar vein flap to repair the donor area of the great toenail flap is an effective repair method. The donor area is concealed, the flap is not bloated, the texture is good, the survival rate is high, and the sensation recovered satisfactory.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of medial plantar venous flow-through flap combined with vein transplantation to repair incomplete finger amputation with circularity soft tissue defect.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients with incomplete finger amputation injury with circularity soft tissue defect treated by medial plantar venous flow-through flap combined with vein transplantation from January 2016 to October 2020 in Longgang Orthopedic Hospital of Shenzhen. According to the length of the arterial and venous defects of the injured finger and the area of the circular wound, a venous flap (including 2-3 veins )was designed and harvested in the medial plantar. And then two superficial veins were harvested from the donor site to repair the dominant digital artery and distal digital vein of the severed finger. One vein in the flap was bridged to repair the non-dominant digital artery of the severed finger, and the other 1-2 veins were anastomosed with the subcutaneous vein of the proximal wound. The recipient site was closed. The donor site was repaired with full-thickness skin grafting. The appearance, two-point discrimination of the flap, as well as the shape, two-point discrimination, and the extension and flexion of the finger were followed up after the operation. The evaluation was performed by the trial standard for the replantation function of amputated fingers of the Chinese Medical Association Hand Surgery Branch.Results:In this study, a total of 11 patients with thermal crush injury were enrolled, including 7 males and 4 females, aged 16-46 years old. Cyclic skin and soft tissue defect was 1.4 cm×4.5 cm - 3.2 cm×5.4 cm in size after debridement, the arterial defect was 1.6-3.5 cm in length, and the venous defect was 1.7-3.3 cm in length. The flap was 1.6 cm×4.6 cm-3.3 cm×5.5 cm in size, and the harvested vein was 1.7-3.5 cm in length. All severed fingers and flaps survived. Eleven cases were followed up 11-18 months. The appearance of flap was not swollen, and the color and texture were close to the surrounding skin. The two-point discrimination was 7-11 mm. The shape of the finger was good, the two-point discrimination was 5-8 mm, and the extension and flexion activity of the finger was good. Ultimately, the hand function of 10 cases could be rated as excellent, and 1 case could be rated as good. There was slight pigmentation in the donor area, but no ulceration or pain, and no obvious abnormality in wearing shoes, walking, or running.Conclusions:The medial plantar venous flow-through flap combined with vascular transplantation is an ideal repair method to repair incomplete finger amputation with circularity soft tissue defect. It can not only reliably rebuild the blood supply of the distal finger, but also repair the annular defect of the proximal finger. The impact on the donor site is slight.