Objective To investigate the relationship between programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) and regulatory T cell(Treg) in non-small cell lung cancer.Methods Seventy-nine patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were treated in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from December 2013 to December 2015 were selected.The levels of PD-L1 and Treg in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were detected,observed the relationship with clinical pathological features,and analyzed the correlation of PD-L1 level and Treg infiltration.Results High expression of PD-L1 (53.2％,42/79) and Treg (50.6％,40/79) in cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (3.8％ (3/79),5.1％ (4/79)),the difference was significant (x2 =9.761,9.002,P＜0.05).High expression of PD-L1 (87.5％,28/32) and Treg(84.4％,27/32)were significantly higher in stage]Ⅲ and Ⅳ cancer tissues than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ cancer tissues(29.8％(14/47),27.7％ (13/47)),the difference was significant (x2 =8.958,7.274,P ＜ 0.05).High expression of PD-L1 (85.3％,29/34) and Treg (88.2％,30/34) were significantly higher in lymph node metastasis cancer tissues than those in non-lymph node metastasis cancer tissues (28.9％ (13/45),22.2％ (10/45)),the difference was significant(x2=8.146,9.056,P＜0.05).The high level of PD-L1 in cancer tissues was positively correlated with high Treg infiltration (r =0.762,P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of PD-L1 and Treg in non-small cell lung cancer tissues is related to the lymph node metastasis and stage,and the high expression of PD-L1 is positively correlated with the high infiltration of Treg.

AIM: To study the protective effects of Shenmai injection, a Chinese medicine, on angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ)-induced rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro and the probable mechanism. METHODS: Cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were stimulated with AngⅡ. Cell viability were measured by MTT, and apoptosis was evaluated suing Hoethst33258 fluorescent dye staining and flow cytometry. Fluo-3/AM was used to test the change in intracellular free calcium. RESULTS: It was found that incubation with AngⅡ (10 -7 mol/L) for 48 h increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, Shenmai injection (0 5 g/L, 1 0 g/L) inceased myocyte viability ( P

AIM: To study the effects of Shenmai injection on cardiomyocytes apoptosis after acute anoxia-reoxygenation (A/R) and the possible mechanism. METHODS: In this experiment, cultured cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rat were used. Model of myocardial anoxia-reoxygenation injury was produced by depriving oxygen for 5 min and then restoring oxygen for 15 min. The apoptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry to detect labbled Annexin V-FITC/PI. The intracellular calcium level was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy markered Fluo-3/AM. RESULTS: In anoxia-reoxygenation group, the percentage of apoptotic cells and fluorescent intensity of intracellular calcium were both prominently higher than those in control group (P

Objective This study aimed to develop reading material for nasalance evaluation ,and find out na-salance scores associated with genders .Methods The NasalView ? (Tiger Electronics Inc .,Seattle ,USA) was used to obtain nasalance values in the new and old material .A total of 102 subjects (51 males ,51 females) who have lived in Beijing for 18 years or longer at the time of the experiment received the tests ,the results from two pieces of material and the mean nasalance gender score differences were compared .Results The mean nasalance scores of sen-tences were 56 .58% ± 3 .43% for'Nasal sentence',33 .86% ± 5 .24% for'Oral sentence',and 49 .49% ± 4 .13% for'Oro -nasal sentence'respectively in the new material .The mean nasalance scores of sentences were 54 .31% ± 4 .43% for'Nasal sentence',35 .64% ± 5 .90% for'Oral sentence',and 47 .12% ± 4 .96% for'Oro-nasal sentence're-spectively in the old material .There were significant differences between males and females through materials .The nasalance gender score differences showed that females were bigger than males (P<0 .01) .This study found a cor-relation between the new and old materials :'Nasal sentence'(r=0 .899 ,P< 0 .01) ,'Oral sentence'(r= 0 .850 ,P<0 .01) ,and'Oro -nasal sentence'(r=0 .851 ,P<0 .01) .The standard error difference showed that the new was smaller than the old (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The new material for nasalance evaluation has a better test validity ,and there is a high correlation between the old materials .The usage of the new material for nasalance evaluation will produce more accurate results with higher credibility .Normal female's nasalance scores were higher than males .

Objective To explore the clinical features of sentinel polyps (rectal polyps with proximal colon carcinoma), and the correlation between sentinel polyps and proximal colon carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 331 patients with rectal polyps were retrospectively analyzed. According to the combination condition of proximal colon carcinoma, the patients were divided into sentinel polyps group (observation group, 37 cases) and pure rectal polyps group (control group, 294 cases). The family history, laboratory examination, colonoscopy, clinical pathological features, treatment, sequelae and short-term prognosis were compared between 2 groups. Results The family history rate, positive rate of tumor marker and the incidences of polyps maximum diameter>1 cm, polyps>5 pieces, adenomatous polyp in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group:35.1%(13/37) vs. 4.8%(14/294), 67.6%(25/37) vs. 6.8%(20/294), 62.2%(23/37) vs. 46.6%(137/294), 43.2%(16/37) vs. 11.9%(35/294) and 83.8%(31/37) vs. 35.4%(104/294), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). The patients in control group did not have special find in colonoscopy. The majority patients in observation group had new organisms around the lumen growth in colonoscopy, but the intestinal canal between rectal polyps and proximal colon carcinoma did not have special find. The majority pathologic type of proximal colon carcinoma patients in observation group was papillary adenoearcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma, 75.7%(28/37). Duke stage:A stage was in 11 cases (29.7%, 11/37), B stage in 11 cases (29.7%, 11/37), C stage in 9 cases (24.3%, 9/37), and D stage in 6 cases (16.2%, 6/37). In control group, 282 patients (95.9%, 282/294) were treated by endoscope, and they were cured and discharged. In observation group, 15 patients (40.5%, 15/37) were treated with radical operation, 9 patients (24.3%, 9/37) by endoscope, 7 patients (18.9%, 7/37) with palliative surgery, 4 patients (10.8%, 4/37) with chemotherapy, and 2 patients (5.4%, 2/37) with symptomatic treatment;the patients were followed up for 6-12 months, the 23 patients with complete tumor resection did not relapse, 12 patients showed tumor reduction or symptomatic relief, and the other 2 patients died. Conclusions If maximum diameter over 1 cm, multiple and adenomatous polyps exist, the possibility of carcinogenesis of the polyps or the proximal colon should be awared. The patients should be followed up in short-term and complete the whole colon examination.

This paper was aimed to study the human plasma protein binding rate of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection.The equilibrium dialysis was used to determine the human plasma protein binding rate of ginkgolide A (GA),ginkgolide B (GB) and ginkgolide K (GK) in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection.The LC-MS/MS method was used for the content determination of ginkgolides.And then,the plasma protein binding rate was calculated.The results showed that there was no interference from other ingredients for the determination of ginkgolides.The calibration curve of the analytes was in good linearity in certain range of contents.The precision and stability of the analytes met the methodology requirements.After 8 h incubation,the human plasma protein binding rate of GA,GB and GK achieved balance.The human plasma protein binding rate of GA (0.34,1.70 and 8.51μg·mL-1) was 84.03%-88.11%; the human plasma protein binding rate of GB (0.62,3.09 and 15.5μg·mL-1) was 41.21%-53.56%; the human plasma protein binding rate of GK (0.04,0.20 and 1.01μg·mL-1) was 45.24%-59.59%.It was concluded that the method was simple,rapid and sensitive,which met the analysis requirement for biological samples.GA had a high plasma protein binding rate; GB and GK had medium plasma protein binding rate.

This study was aimed to investigate the induction effect ofRe-Du-Ning (RDN) Injection on rat liver microsome CYP450 enzymes. SD rats were randomly divided into the solvent control group, positive control group as well as the low, middle and high dose group of RDN (1, 2, 4 mL·kg-1·d-1). After drugs were administrated continuously for 7 days, the rats were sacrificed. The liver was weighed and prepared to microsomes. Meanwhile, the liver coefficients of rats were calculated. And the protein content was detected by BCA method. Finally, activities of five important subtypes of CYP450 enzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A1/2 were measured by the“cocktail” method. The results showed that the levels of liver coefficients, microsome yield rate and activities of CYP450 subtypes increased significantly in the positive control group compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference on the levels of liver coefficients, microsome yield and protein content between the low and middle dose group of RDN. However, there was significant difference on the levels of liver coefficients and microsome yield in the high dose group (P < 0.05). In terms of the influence on enzyme activity, RDN Injection can significantly induce the activities of CYP1A2 with dose dependence. It can induce the activities of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 at the middle and high dose. However, there was no obvious influence on the activities of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2D6. It was concluded that the positive control group can obviously induce activities of CYP450, which can be used in the evaluation of induction experiments. RDN Injection had induction effect on CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. But it had no influence on the activities of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2D6.

Brain metastasis is a common complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. About 25%-55% of patients with NSCLC will develop brain metastases, and the occurrence of brain metastasis predicts a poor prognosis. Traditionally, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and surgery are the main treatment options for NSCLC patients with brain metastases. In recent years, with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the survival of NSCLC patients with brain metastases has been significantly improved. This article reviews the research progress of ICI treatment for NSCLC patients with brain metastases in order to provide new treatment strategies.

Objective To explore the epidemiological status of abnormal glucose metabolism and its influential factors among middle and aged population with hypertension in Chengdu area. Methods In 2008, after adopting the methods of stratified cluster sampling, the authors investigated 4685 subjects of the middle and aged population between the age of 40-79 in Chengdu urban and rural area by checking blood pressure and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTY). Patients with previously known diabetes mellitus (DM) were only asked to perform fasting glucose and to carry out a questionnaire. Comparison of the prevalence rates of abnormal glucose metabolism in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects was carried out. The prevalence rates of isolated impaired glucose tolerance (I-IGT) and isolated postprandial hyperglycemia (IPH) among middle and aged subjects with hypertension were acquired and the influential factors of abnormal glucose metabolism among middle and aged subjects with hypertension were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of abnormal glucose metabolism in the hypertensive subjects was obviously higher than that in the non-hypertensive subjects; without using OGTT, 72.9% of the pre-diubetic and 54. 4% of the new diagnosed DM patients would remain undiagnosed if fasting plasma glucose detection was used alone. Age, diabetic history of first degree relatives ,overweight or obesity were the risk factors for the development of abnormal glucose metabolism among middle and aged male subjects with hypertension in Chengdu area. Exercise training and high education level were the protective factors. Age, diabetic history of first degree relatives,abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia were the risk factors for the development of abnormal glucose metabolism among middle and aged female subjects with hypertension in Chengdu area. Conclusions More than 50% of middle and aged subjects with hypertension in Chengdu area has accompanying abnormal glucose metabolism. OGTT easily discloses the abnormal status and should be a routine procedure in the diagnosis of pre-diabetes or DM in such population. Appropriate exercise, learning diabetes-related knowledge to take reasonable lifestyle, and intervention of metabolic factors such as overweight or obesity are advised. Abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia play important roles in leading to abnormal glucose metabolism among middle and aged population with hypertension.

Objective： ：To study the regulatory effect of mogrol (MO) on lipid metabolism of hepatic cancer cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods: Oleic acid (OA) was used to induce fat accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and to establish a steatosis cell model. CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of MO to HepG2 cells, and an experimental working concentration without obvious cytotoxicity of MO was chosen. After being treated with different concentrations of MO, lipid accumulation in the cells was observed by oil red O staining, and the contents of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) in the cells were measured. Key genes involving in lipid metabolism were screened out by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of ,SREBP-1c and FASN, while Western Blot was used to detect the protein expressions of p-AMPKα, SREBP-1c and FASN in cells of model group and treatment group. Results: After OA induction, a large amount of lipids accumulated in HepG2 cells, the contents of TG and TC increased significantly. Three key genes (SREBP-1c, FASN and p-AMPK α) involving in lipid metabolism of hepatic cancer cells were screened out. After OA induction, the mRNA expressions of SREBP-1c and FASN increased, the protein expression of p-AMPK α decreased while the protein expressions of SREBP-1c, FASN and other proteins increased significantly. After intervention with working concentration of MO, intracellular lipid accumulation, contents of TG and TC, mRNA expressions of SREBP-1c, FASN and protein expressions of SREBP-1c, FASN decreased significantly, while the expression of p-AMPKα increased. Conclusion: Mogrol can inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids by activating the expression level of AMPK signaling pathway related factors SREBP-1c and FASN, so as to play the role of regulating lipid metabolism.