Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults and has the highest death rate of all leukemias. Compared with other hematologic malignancies , there was only a small increment in the 5-year relative overall survival for patients with AML in the last 40 years, despite the advancement in our understanding of AML .CD123 is an AML-associated antigen that expresses at a high level in leukemic stem cells and leukemic blasts and a low level in normal hematopoiet-ic stem cells.As an attractive surface target for AML therapies , immune-based therapies targeting CD 123 are being developed re-cently, especially chimeric antigen receptor ( CAR) T-cell-based immunotherapy .Preclinical data have demonstrated that CD 123 CAR-T cells exhibit potent antileukemic activity and various im-pacts on normal hematopoiesis .This will probably be a promis-ing treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory AML.