Objective To explore the executive function and working memory ability of patients with social phobia. Methods The study included 42 social phobia patients whose age, sex, and level of education were matched with those of a healthy control group. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Digit Span, Spatial Span, Multiple-Objects-Spatial span were used to study the executive function and working memory. Results Patients with social phobia scored higher than the control group in terms of the number of non perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ( 18. 75 ± 6. 20, 8. 89 ± 3. 22 respectively ). No differences were observed in perseverative errors and other scores between the patient and control group. Patients with social phobia scored lower than the control group in terms of Digit Span(7.25 ±1.35,8.03 ±2. 30 respectively) ,Spatial Span(6. 11±1.85,8.61 ±2.87 respectively) and Multiple-Objects-Spatial span(4.03 ± 1. 39 ,5. 18 ± 1.07 respectively). Conclusion Working memory ability in the social phobia patients is impaired, and this may cause the poor performance in patients with the social phobia in academic and social working.

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of clinical symptoms and applicability of discontiguous naikan cognitive therapy(DNCT) among convalescent schizophrenic patients.MethodsApplying DNCT,100 convalescent paranoid schizophrenic patients with convalescent clinical state were consecutively recruited.All the patients were randomly divided into DNCT group and control group and were pretreated with antipsychotic agent therapy,40 patients in DNCT group and 49 patients in control group entered the statistic analysis,11 lost.In DNCT group,the patients received DNCT for successive 28 days.In control group,the patients only received antipsychotic agent therapy.Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),Nurses'Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) were administered to all subjects pre- and post-treatment.ResultsAfter treatment,in the study group,total PANSS scales ( (54.00 ± 10.19 ) vs (45.05 ± 5.28 ),t =5.430,P ＜ 0.01 ),the positive symptom item ((11.00±3.33) vs (9.53 ±1.85),t=3.670,P=0.01),negative symptoms item((12.15 ±4.38) vs (9.40± 2.15 ),t =4.371,P ＜ 0.01 ),general psychopathology item ( (26.90 ± 5.66) vs (22.65 ± 3.07 ) 分,t =4.494,P＜0.01 ) scored lower than before,The difference was statistically significant.PANSS study group after treatment,total scores( (45.05 ±5.28 ) vs (52.04 ± 10.36),t=-3.876 P＜0.01 ),negative symptom item score( t =- 3.789,P ＜ 0.01 ),composite item ( t =2.251,P =0.027 ),the general psychopathology item ( t =- 3.336,P =0.01 ),score significantly lower than the control group.After twelve weeks follow-up study,in the study group,PANSS total scores ( t =4.764,P ＜ 0.01 ),item score of positive symptoms ( t =2.335,P =0.025 ),negative symptoms item score( t =3.083,P =0.004) ),genial psychopathology item score ( t =4.325,P ＜ 0.01 ) was still significantly lower than before treatment,the difference was statistically significant.In study group,after treatment,NOSIE Scale total negative factors scores( t =3.083,P =0.004) were significantly lower than before,total positive factors( t =-2.446,P=0.019),the total estimated factor in the disease scores ( t =-4.730,P ＜ 0.001 )were significantly higher than before treatment.After treatment,in the study group,negative factors ( t =-3.953,P=0.000) were significantly lower than the control group,twelve weeks follow-up,study group total negative factors of NOSIE scale score( t =2.126,P =0.040) was still lower than before treatment,the difference was statistically significant,total positive factor( t =- 2.054,P =0.047 ) still higher than before treatment,the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionDNCT can possibly improve part clinical symptoms of patients with convalescent schizophrenia to a certain extent,especially negative symptom,and the impact remained to the twelve weeks,but need to further prove the effect of naikan cognitive therapy.

Objective To observe the expression of neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α3 (α3nAChR) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),p38 kinases of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y overexposed to fluoride,and try to investigate the molecular mechanism of cell damage caused by overexposure of fluoride.Methods The SH-SY5Y cell with low expression of α3nAChR suppressed by silence interference RNA served as α3nAChR silence group;the normal SH-SY5Y cell served as control group,and the effect of silencing of αt3nAChR gene in SHSY5Y was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR;SH-SY5Y cell was treated with different concentrations of fluoride (0.000,0.005,0.050,0.500,1.000,2.500,5.000 mmol/L),the safe concentration of fluoride in SHSY5Y cell was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay;the SH-SY5Y cell of control group and α3nAChR silence group were treated with 4.000 mmol/L fluoride for 0,4,8,12,24,36,48 h according to the results of MTT assay;the expression of ERK1/2,JNK,p38 kinases of MAPK pathway in SH-SY5Y at protein levels was measured by Western blotting.Results The expression of α3nAChR mRNA (0.04 ± 0.03) and protein (12.0 ± 2.5) in α3nAChR silence group was decreased significantly compared with those of control group (1.00 ± 0.11,100.0 ± 11.3,t =24.58,28.80,all P ＜ 0.05).The viability of SH-SY5Y cell treated with 5.000 mmol/L fluoride (0.53 ± 0.15) was decreased significantly compared with that of SH-SY5Y cell treated with 0.000 mmol/L fluoride (1.05 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).The increased expression of phospho-ERK1/2 was found in α3nAChR silence group and control group incubated with fluoride with time prolonged,and the expression of phospho-ERK1/2 increased significantly at time points 24,36 and 48 h (188.33 ± 7.33,200.00 ± 10.01,213.33 ± 11.55;125.33 ± 5.69,136.00 ± 4.52,155.33 ± 6.51) compared to 0 h in the same groups (100.00 ± 0.00,100.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of phospho-ERK1/2 was higher significantly in α3nAChR silence group than those of control group (t =9.26,7.63,5.72,all P ＜ 0.05);no change of expression of total-ERK1/2 in the two groups was found with the passage of time.The gradually increased expression of phospho-JNK was found in α3nAChR silence group and control group,among which,the expression of phospho-JNK in o3nAChR silence group at time points 12,24,36 and 48 h (154.00 ± 6.25,149.00 ± 5.57,156.00 ± 6.08,141.67 ± 2.52) and in control group at 8,12,24,36,48 h (133.33 ± 10.69,173.00 ± 4.00,175.00 ± 11.79,200.67 ± 11.93,200.33 ± 18.58) was compared to those at 0 h in the same groups (100.00 ± 0.00,100.00 ± 0.00),and the difference was significant (all P ＜ 0.05);the higher expression of phospho-JNK was found in α3nAChR silence group other than control group at 8,12,24,36,48 h (t =-4.28,-5.02,-2.89,-8.33,-6.18,all P ＜ 0.05);no change of expression of total-JNK was found in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The increased expression of phospho-p38 was detected in control group at time points 24,36 and 48 h (120.33 ± 4.51,122.00 ± 7.55,119.67 ± 7.57) compared to 0 h in the same groups (100.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of phospho-p38 was significantly higher than that in α3nAChR silence group at the same time points (93.33 ± 9.61,94.00 ± 5.01,98.33 ± 5.69,t =-4.01,-6.73,-5.59,all P ＜ 0.05);no change of expression of total-p38 was found in the two types of SH-SY5Y cells treated with fluoride (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion When SH-SY5Y cells are exposed to fluoride;activation of ERK1/2 may be not depend on α3nAChR;α3nAChR may have protected the cell from apoptotic injury caused by activation of JNK pathway,and the activation of p38 may be depend on nAChRα3.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum Golgi protein(GP73) (sGP73) in patients with HBV-related liver disease and investigate the role of sGP73 as an indicator for diagnosis of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC).Methods The concentration of sGP73 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB,n =31),liver cirrhosis (LC,n =60),HCC (n =71),self-limited HBV infectors (n=21 ) and healthy controls (n =42) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay and statistically analyzed in combination with relevant clinical indicators.Results The median of sGP73 in HBV-related liver disease group was significantly higher than that in the groups of self-limited HBV infectors and healthy controls respectively (P＜0.01).Among the groups with HBV-related liver disease,the median of sGP73 in LC group (231.13 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in HCC without treatment group ( 117.63 ng/ml) (P ＜ 0.01 ) and CHB group (93.09 ng/ml) (P＜0.01).No significant difference was shown between HCC (without treatment) group and CHB group (P＞ 0.05),neither between self limited HBV infectors and healthy controls (respectively,36.79 ng/ml and 45.40 ng/ml) (P ＞ 0.05). The median of sGP73 in post-operation group (175.12 ng/ml,n=52) was significantly higher than in pre-operation HCC group (107.28 ng/ml,n=52) (P＜0.01).Along with the decreasing of liver function,sGP73 level was elevated in groups with HCC or LC.The receiver operating curve (ROC) constructed with the ratio of AFP and GP73 (AFP/GP73) showed a sensitivity of 78.87 ％ and specificity of 86.21 ％ with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.878 (95％ CI:0.817-0.938) for diagnosis of HCC; comparably,a sensitivity of 67.61％ and specificity of 85.12％ were shown with a AUROC of 0.826 (95％ CI:0.755-0.897) when performed with AFP.Conclusion The level of sGP73 in HBV-related liver disease group is higher than that in the groups of self-limited HBV infector and healthy control,and it is positively correlated with the degree of hepatic impairment.For the diagnosis of HCC,joint detection of AFP and GP73 could achieve a better combination of sensitivity and specificity than the independent AFP test.

Objective To explore the difference of the oxytocin levels between social phobia patients and normal controls,and the relationship of symptoms severity of social phobia with the oxytocin levels and the relationship of drug effects with oxytocin levels.Methods Twenty seven 16-26 years old social phobia patients and thirty one normal controls were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the oxytocin levels,and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate the symptoms severity of social phobia in patient group.Paroxetine was used to treat the patients with the drugs of 20mg per day,the Clinical Global Impression Scale were used to evaluate the drug effects after 4 weeks treatment.Results Mann-Whitney test showed there were significantly differences in oxytocin level between patients and controls ( (202.93 ± 145.06) pg/ml vs ( 152.29 ± 101.89 ) pg/ml,Z =- 1.307,P=0.030).Multiple liner regression analyses showed that the level of oxytocin was an impact factor of the severity of social phobia symptom (adjusted R2 =0.158,F=5.888,P=0.023 ).Logistic regression analyses showed that the level of oxytocin was an impact factor of the effective of drug treatment( OR=3.132,P =0.029 ).Conclusion This study indicate that the value of plasma oxytocin maybe significantly differences between social phobia and normal controls and the plasma oxytocin level maybe a factor which influence the symptoms severity and the effective of drug treatment in social phobia patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of crocin on oxidative stress cell model of PC 12 cell and the effect of crocin on PI3K/Akt signal pathway,as well as further explore the mechanism of protective effect on model cells.Methods Cells were divided into control group,model group,crocin group and VE group.The cell survival rate was detected by MTT method,and the expression of mRNA and protein of PI3K/Akt were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results With the crocin concentration in 0.625 μM and 5 μM,the cell survival rate increased in a dose-dependent manner.The average optical density rate of PI3K and Akt mRNA were 0.435±0.044 and 0.375 ± 0.034,and the PI3K and Akt protein were 0.378± 0.038 and 0.386± 0.043 of crocin group.Compared with the model group,the expression levels of PI3K/Akt increased in crocin group (P＜0.05).Conclusion These results indicate that the antioxidant and antiapoptosis effects of crocin are induced via increasing expression of PI3K and pAkt.

ObjectiveTo study the pathogcncsis of gastrointestinal vascular malformation (GIVM) and the potential mechanism of thalidomide in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding due to GIVM.Methods We collected the surgical intestinal specimens from 10 patients who suffered from massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract owning to GIVM and the normal intestinal mucosa around the lesions,as well as normal intestinal mucosa from healthy subjects.Immunohistochemical(IHC) staining was carried out to investigate the differences of angiopoietin 2 ( Ang2 ),Notch1 and delta like ligand 4 (Dll4) in the above three intestinal mucosa to find the relationship with the pathogenesis of GIVM. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were cultured with 0,25,50,100 and 200 mg/L thalidomide for 24 or 48 hours to observe their mRNA and protein expressions of Ang2,Notch1,Dll4 by real-time PCR and Western blot.ResultsBy IHC staining,more expressions of Ang2,Notch1 and Dll4 in the lesions were detected than those in the normal intestinal mucosa around the lesions and the normal intestinal mucosa in healthy people.The expressions of Ang2,Notch1 and Dll4 were significantly correlated (P =0.016,r =0.732),and the expressions of Notch1 and Dll4 were absolutely correlated ( P =0.000,r =1.000).Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that thalidomide could down-regulate the expressions of them,which were in a concentration-dependent manner.ConclusionAng2,Notch1 and Dll4 may correlate with the pathogenesis of GIVM,while thalidomide can concentration-dependently down-regulate the expression of Ang2,Notch1 and Dll4,which may be one of the mechanism that thalidomide play a therapeutic role in GIVM.

AIM:To investigate the alteration of cardiac M3 receptor and its relationship with arrhythmias in various arrhythmic models.METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control,aconitine,BaCl2 and ischemia.In the later three groups,arrhythmias were induced by treatment with aconitine,BaCl2 and coronary artery occlusion,respectively.The arrhythmias were recorded for 1 h.Western blotting was then used to detect M3 receptor contents.RESULTS:Arrhythmias were all induced in each group.In aconitine-induced arrhythmias,duration of arrhythmias and arrhythmia score were significantly increased than those in other two model groups.Western blotting showed that the expression of M3 receptor upregulated 2.3,1.4 and 1.3 folds respectively,more abundant in various arrhythmic groups than that in the normal control.Moreover,M3 receptor expression in aconitine group increased significantly than that in BaCl2 and ischemia group.The arrhythmias and M3 receptor protein expressions in myocytes were positively correlated.CONCLUSION:Arrhythmias upregulate the expression of cardiac M3 receptor.The upregulating levels of M3 receptor proteins diverge strikingly in different arrhythmic models.It is probably that the diversity of increase in M3 receptor is positive related to severity of ventricular arrhythmias.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of needle-sharing behavior among intravenous drug users (IDUs).Methods Data regarding socio-demographics,drug abuse characteristics and HIV related health literacy of 474 heroin IDUs were collected.Antisocial personality disorder of IDUs was diagnosed through Mini international neuropsychiatric interview.Results The prevalence of needle sharing among IDUs was 53.8％.Needle-sharing behavior of IDUs was significantly associated with male gender,marital status of being single and separated/divorced,local dwelling,an early age of first drug abuse and antisocial personality disorder (OR =1.11 ～ 6.69,P＜0.05).Conclusion Heroin IDUs have high prevalence of needle sharing.A comprehensive social,behavior and psychology based intervention is needed to effectively prevent HIV infection in IDUs.

Objective To evaluate the reliability of serum catecholamine concentrations in reflecting the depth of dexmedetomidine-based general anesthesia.Methods Forty patients,aged 30-45 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ,undergoing elective laparoscopic hysterectomy under general anesthesia,were divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:dexmedetomidine-based general anesthesia group (group Ⅰ) and general anesthesia group (group Ⅱ).Dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused as a loading bolus of 1 μg/kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia,followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg · kg-1 · h-1 until 30 min before the end of operation in group Ⅰ.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in group Ⅱ.Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam 0.05 mg/kg,propofol 1 mg/kg,cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg and sufentanil 0.4 μg/kg.Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of remifentanil 0.1-0.3 μg · kg-1 · min 1,1％-2％ sevoflurane inhalation and intermittent iv boluses of cisatracurium.Before administration of dexmedetomidine,at the end of administration of the loading dose,at the end of intubation,at the end of skin incision,after establishment of pneumoperitoneum and at the end of operation (T0-5),venous blood samples were taken from the peripheral vein for determination of concentrations of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).Results Compared with group Ⅱ],the serum NE and E concentrations were significantly decreased at T1-4 in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).Compared with the baseline at T0,the serum NE and E concentrations were significantly decreased at T1 in group Ⅰ,and increased at T2-4 in group Ⅱ (P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum catecholamine concentration produces poor reliability in reflecting the depth of dexmedetomidine-based general anesthesia,and thus it is not a suitable monitoring index.