Objective To compare the effects of platelet rich fibrin(PRF)and concentrated growth factors(CGF)using Schwann cells as a pe?ripheral nerve model. Methods A total of 10 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 55 were randomly selected,and 10 mL venous blood was collected un?der aseptic conditions to prepare PRF and CGF. The cells were randomly divided into three groups,control group,PRF group and CGF group. The cell morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. The secretion of nerve growth factor in supernatant was detected by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Results There was no significant difference of the morphology of cells in each group as observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. MTT results showed that the absorbance values of PRF group and CGF group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The secretion of nerve growth factor in the supernatant were significantly increased(P<0.05). The number of cells in S+G2M phase was significantly increased(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between PRF group and CGF group. Conclusion Both PRF and CGF can promote proliferation of Schwann cells and increased the amount of nerve growth factor secretion ,but there is no significant difference between PRF and CGF in terms of improving cell proliferation and promoting nerve growth factor secretion.

Objective To research the expression of mitofusin-2 (mfn2) and tumor metastasis suppressor genes (nm23)in bladder cancer cells and its correlation with clinical pathological feature. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of mfn2 and nm23.Sixty-five cases of bladder cancer were sampled,which include fif-ty cases of male and fifteen cases of female. TNM stage:Forty-seven cases were in stage I;Ten cases were in stage II; Five cases were in stageⅢ; Three cases were in stageⅣ. Other fifteen cases were sampled from normal bladder or benign tumor of bladder as control . All cases were collected from department of pathology,affiliated Hospital of hebei union university. Results The positive expression rate of mfn2 in bladder cancer tissues was significantly higher than those in normal blad-der tissues and benign tumor of bladder(χ2=32.528,P<0.05);The positive expression rate of nm23 in bladder cancer tis-sues was significantly lower than those in normal bladder tissues and benign tumor of bladder (χ2=19.719,P<0.05);the high expression level of mfn2 in bladder cancer was associated with tumor differentiation and TNM stage(P<0.05),but not corre-lated with age,sex,lymph node metastasis and clinical grade. The low level of nm23 was associated with TNM stage,clinical grade and LN metastasis. Conclusion The positive expression rate of mfn2 was increased in bladder cancer. It indicated that there was a close relationship between mfn2 and the occurrence and development of bladder cancer;The expression rate of nm23 was decreased in bladder cancer,it may be a predictor for metastasis and prognosis of bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of volatile oils of Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (RAT), Semen Myristicae (SM) and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) on percutaneous penetration of total alkali of Shortstalk Monkshood Root through mouse skin in vitro. Methods By using an improved Franz diffusion cells, the effects of these 3 kinds of volatile oil on the percutaneous penetration of total alkali of Shortstalk Monkshood Root were observed and compared with Azone, and the cumulative amount of Bullatine A was determined by HPLC. Results 7% (v/v) volatile oil RTA and SM, 5% (v/v) volatile oil of PCR and 3% (v/v) Azone were best concentration, the penetration coefficient were 5.88, 6.91, 5.30, 5.75, respectively. Compared with the group without penetration enhencers, the enhancement ratios were 1.09,1.28, 0.98, 1.06, respectively. Conclusion The volatile oil of RAT and SM enhance penetration of total alkali of Shortstalk Monkshood Root. The volatile oil of PCR cannot enhance penetration.

Objective: To study the effect of volatile oil of Fructus Litseae(FL) ,Rhizoma Zingiberis(RZ) and Rhizoma Acori Talarinowii(RAT) on percutaneous penetration of aconitine through mouse skin in vitro.Methods :By using improved Franz diffusion cells,the effects of these 3 volatile oils on the percutaneous penetration of aconitine were observed and compared with azone,and the cumulative amount of aconitine was determined by HPLC.Results : The penetration coefficient of aconitine with 7%(v/v) volatile oil of FL,RZ and RAT and 3% azone were 10.79,5.82,5.40,3.91,respectively;Compared with the group without penetration enhancers,the differences were significannt;and the enhancement ratios were 3.87,2.09,1.94 and 1.40,respectively,which showed the enhancement ratios of 7% of the 3 volatile oils were higher than that of 3% azone.Conclusion :The 7% volatile oils of FL,RZ and RAT enhance the permeation of aconitine effectively.

A method was developed for the determination of furocoumarin compounds(psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, isoimperatorin) in traditional Chinese medicine samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and the relation of sample solution volume, sediment phase volume with enrichment factors was deducted. Some important parameters that influenced the extraction efficiency were optimized: 50 μL carbon tetrachloride and 300 μL acetonitrile were rapidly injected into 1.5 mL sample solution containing 2.5%(w/V) NaCl. After centrifugation at 3500 r/min for 3 min, the sedimented CCl_4 phase was pumped and recorded the volume, then dissolved with methanol and injected into the HPLC for analysis. Under the optimum conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 0.006 6.00 mg/L of both psoralen and oxypeucedanin and 0.006-12.0 mg/L of both imperatorin and isoimperatorin. The limits of detection were 1.0-3.0 μg/L(S/N=3). The relative standard deviations were 2.3%-5.4%(n=5). The enrichment factors ranged from 12.6 to 38.5 folds. The average recoveries ranged from 97.5% to 114.8%. The four kinds of furocoumarin compounds in Radix Angelicae dahuricae and Yuanhu Zhitong tablet were determined by the proposed method with satisfactory results.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture combined with doctor-nurse cooperation mode on stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with acute stroke. Methods 67 patients of acute stroke within 1 week in our hospital from March, 2013 to January, 2015 were randomly divided into control group (n=35) and treatment group (n=32). Both groups received neurological routine treatment and systematic rehabilitation training by professional physiotherapists under general nursing mode. The treatment group received acupuncture treatment under doctor-nurse cooperation mode additionally. Incidence of stroke-associated pneumonia, swallow function and aspiration rate were recorded. Results Compared with the control group, the incidence of stroke-associated pneumonia significantly decreased in the treat-ment group after treatment (χ2=4.615, P=0.032). The retention volume of epiglottic vallecula and pyriform sinus (tdilute barium=21.01, tthick barium=19.85), the duration of pharynx period (tdilute barium=17.03, tthick barium=13.68), and the start time of pharynx period (tdilute barium=19.63, tthick barium=17.86) were less in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). In the test of dilute barium, the aspiration rate was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (χ2=4.03, P=0.044), however, there was no significant difference between 2 groups in the test of thick bari-um and solid food (P>0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined doctor-nurse cooperation mode may decrease the rates of aspiration and stroke-associated pneumonia in acute stroke patients through improving their swallow function.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of programmed death 1(PD-1)/ programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) signaling pathway and its feasibility as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic predictor by detecting the expressions, of PD-1 and PD-L1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of ALL as well.Methods:Bone marrow samples were collected from 59 children with ALL in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2018 to July 2019.Flow cytometry was applied to detect the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells in 59 ALL patients, including 47 newly-diagnosed ALL patients and 12 relapsed ALL patients, respectively, at initial diagnosis, after induction therapy and early intensive treatment.Their relevant clinical data were collected and compared with the bone marrow specimens of 12 children suffering from non-malignant blood diseases as the control group of the same hospital during the same period.Results:There was no significant difference in the expression of PD-1 in the bone marrow mononuclear cells of the primary diagnosis group, recurrence group and control group ( H=2.402, P>0.05). The expression of PD-L1 in the relapsed and refractory group [(7.32±3.60)%] and the newly diagnosed group [(3.18±2.37)%] was higher than that in the control group [(0.84±0.39)%], and the differences were statistically significant ( H= 28.048, P<0.05). In the initial treatment group, the expression of PD-L1 in the bone marrow mononuclear cells was the strongest expression before treatment ( B=1.293), followed by after induction treatment ( B=0.036) and after early intensive treatment ( B=0.000), suggesting that there was a downward trend as the continued treatment.The expression of PD-L1 was the weakest expression in the low-risk group ( B=-3.912) than in the medium-risk group ( B=-3.595) and high-risk group ( B=0.000), revealing that the expression of PD-L1 is related to the risk grades of ALL.The higher the risk rating is, the higher the PD-L1 protein expression is. Conclusions:The high expression of PD-L1 may be involved in the pathogenesis and be used as an adverse predictor of ALL childhood and an evaluation index of chemotherapy efficacy.PD-1 / PD-L1 signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target of ALL childhood.

Objective: To study the efficacy of 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 2.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, so as to provide an ideal dosage for clinical treatment. Methods: From September 2015 to October 2016, there were 89 patients in accordance with the inclusion criteria of infantile hemangiomas. According to randomized and controlled principle, the patients were assigned to receive two propranolol regimens, Group A(n=45): propranolol at a dose of 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1; Group B(n=44): propranolol at a dose of 2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1. 1 or 2 mg of propranolol base per kilogram per day, divided into two doses.The first dose was taken at 9, next at 15.The effective rate, cure rate and adverse effect rate were compared at the six months after treatment. The duration of the treatment was compared after 12 months′ treatment, and the recurrence rate was compared at the three months after being cured.The data were statistically processed with SPSS 22.0. The sample rate was compared with χ² test, and the data were compared with t test. P<0.05 was statistically significant difference. Results: Group A: Treatment for 6 months, 45 children were evaluated as follows: the effective rate was 91.1%(41/45), the cure rate was 60%(27/45). The incidence of adverse reactions was 13.3%(6/45). The cure rate of group A at 12 months was 86.7%(39/45). The duration of treatment was 7.6±2.7 months.The recurrence rate was 9.5%(4/42). Group B: Treatment for 6 months, 44 children were evaluated as follows: the effective rate was 90.9%(40/44), the cure rate was 72.7%(32/44). The incidence of adverse reactions was 15.9%(7/44). The cure rate of group B at 12 months was 88.6%(39/44). The duration of treatment was 6.2±1.9 months. The recurrence rate was 11.9%(5/42). The effective rate of the two groups at 6 months was not statistically significant(χ²=2.583, P=0.461). The cure rate of the two groups at 6 months was statistically significant(χ²=8.339, P=0.004). The incidence of adverse effects was not statistically significant(χ²=0.118, P=0.731). The cure rate of the two groups at 12 month was not statistically significant(χ²=0.080, P=0.778). The duration of treatment between the groups was statistically significant (t=0.290, P=0.009). The recurrence rate of the two groups after 3 months withdrawal was no statistical difference(χ²=0.124, P=0.724). Conclusions The propranolol doses at 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas are safe and effective. The propranolol dose at 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 doesn′t decrease the effective and cure rate, not increase the recurrence rate in infantile hemangiomas. Low dose at 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 can be used as a common dose of propranolol in infantile hemangiomas.

Cerebral organoids are three-dimensional nerve cultures induced by embryonic stem cells(ESCs)or induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)that mimic the structure and function of human brain.With the continuous optimization of cerebral organoid culture technology and the combination with emerging technologies such as organ transplantation,gene editing and organoids-on-chip,complex brain tissue structures such as functional vascular structures and neural circuits have been produced,which provides new methods and ideas for studying human brain development and diseases.This article reviews the latest advances in brain organoid technology,describes its application in neurological diseases and advances in stroke modeling and transplantation treatment.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is mainly manifested as learning and memory disorders.Highly enriched RNA m6A methylation modification in mammalian brain is involved in glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation.Given that neuroinflammation is the main mechanism for neural damage and spatial and memory impairment of PSCI,it is speculated that RNA m6A methylation modification can regulate the inflammatory response of glial cells after stroke to improve PSCI.This review summarizes and analyzes the role of RNA m6A methylation modification in the development of PSCI and analyzes its detailed mechanism of regulating glial cell-mediated inflammation,which will provide reference for researchers in this field.