To study the expression of matrical metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP 2 ,MMP 9 ) in human renal cell carcinoma(hRCC) and its relation to prognosis, 36 specimens of human renal cell carcinoma (hRCC) and 6 normal kidneys served as controls were assessed by immunohistochemistry (SP method). The results showed that the positive expression rates of MMP 2 , MMP 9 in hRCC were 44 4% and 52 8%,respectively. There was a significant difference in expression between various grades and stages of hRCC. The expected survival time was shorter in patients with higher expresson of MMP 2 and MMP 9 . Therefore, MMP 2 and MMP 9 are considered as important factors in invasive metastasis and prognosis of hRCC.

By means of literature review,the authors initiated the behavior expression system of hospitals' social responsibilities,which is further refined and revised with questionnaires and Delphi method.13 expressions of such behavior expressions were determined,namely “providing quality of care to patients”,“undertaking rescue assignment for emergencies”,and “fulfilling government-assigned tasks”.All of the 13 expressions were supported by 75％ of the experts during the second round of experts consultation.

This paper sampled 79 TCM hospitals above county level in Jiangsu Province for research.With hospital ownership,board governance and hospital directors as three dimension of internal governance structure,the multiple regression model was used to investigate the impact of such structure on its social responsibility performance.Education level,number of hospital directors,and their values are found to be significant factors on their social responsibility performance.

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is an inflammatory protein complex, and can participate into the inflammatory response. Upon activation, these inflammasomes can lead to Caspase-1 activation, thereby inducing a cascade of inflammatory factor activation and further cell pyroptosis. Excessive activation of inflammasomes will induce the overexpression of inflammatory factors, persistently triggering immune dysregulation and inflammatory chain reactions, even causing severe damage. The recent studies have confirmed a close association between retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy(DR), retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)with immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses, which is serving as crucial factors in the progression of retinal diseases. This article reviews the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and its role in the occurrence and development of retinal diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and prevention of retinal diseases.

OBJECTIVETo systematically review the role of two common prostheses(metal on metal and metal on polythene)in total hip replacement.

METHODSStudies on two prostheses(metal on metal and metal on polythene)in total hip replacement were searched in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, CNKI database, WANFANG database, and VIP database using key words including"metal on metal", "metal on polythene", and "total hip replacement". Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software.

RESULTSMetal on metal group was superior to metal on polythene group in terms of Harris function evaluation(WMD＝4.40, 95%CI: 3.50-5.31, P<0.01), operation time(WMD＝6.82, 95%CI: 4.50-9.13, P<0.01), whereas other indicators showed no significant difference between these two groups.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with the prosthesis, metal on metal is better than metal on polythene in improving the Harris function when applied for total hip replacement. However, more high-quality large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to further verify it.

Objective: To investigate the effect of taraxerol on autophagy of breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro, and explore the related mechanisms. Method: The effect of various doses of taraxerol (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 μmol·L^-1) on proliferation of MCF-7 cells was detected by methye thiazolye telrazlium (MTT) assay. The autophagy-inducing effect of taraxerol was observed by acridine orange staining, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and immunofluorescence. The expressions of autophagy-related proteins and the changes of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were determined by Western blot analysis. Result: The viability of MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited by taraxerol. Acridine orange staining indicated that the acidic lysosomes increased significantly after treatment with taraxerol in MCF-7 cells. The autophagic structure in the treated group was observed by TEM. Immunofluorescence showed that the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the cells of the drug group was increased. Western blot demonstrated that the protein expressions of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 were increased in taraxerol-treated MCF-7 cells (P<0.05,P<0.01), respectively. Compared with 100 μmol·L^-1 taraxerol group, combination group (taraxerol + 3-methyladenine, 3-MA) showed the down-regulation of LC3-Ⅱ in the MCF-7 cells (P<0.05).And expressions of phosphorylated mammal target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1) were decreased in MCF-7 cells after treatment with taraxerol (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Taraxerol can induce autophagy in MCF-7 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective: To establish a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) complicated with atherosclerosis(AS). Methods: Sixteen female SD rats were selected and randomly divided into control group and model group, with 8 rats in each group.The rats in the control group were given routine rearing.The rats in the model group were subcutaneously given dihydrotestosterone(DHT) in neck and fed with high fat diet for a long term.The changes of food intake (FI), body weight(BW), testosterone (T), estrogen (E₂), luteinizing hormone (LH), total cholesterol (TC), blood glucose (BG) and insulin (INS) were observed in the two groups. Results: The levels of FI, T, E₂, LH between the control group and model group had no obvious change[(86.13±7.83)g/r vs.(96.25±10.66)g/r, t=2.113, P=0.563, (10.79±1.74)mg/L vs.(11.47±1.89)mg/L, t=1.785, P=0.087; (36.58±2.57)ng/L vs.(38.64±1.78)ng/L, t=2.697, P=0.068; (15.47±1.96)IU/L vs.(16.01±0.80)IU/L, t=1.570, P=0.614]. The levels of BW, TC, DHT, INS in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group[(234.54±17.14)g vs.(192.67±16.47)g, t=7.930, P<0.000; (2.47±0.13)mmol/L vs.(2.02±0.15)mmol/L, t=6.475, P<0.000; (139.75±12.12)ng/L vs.(55.63±7.80)ng/L, t=8.697, P<0.000; (283.25±33.47)pg/mg vs.(162.12±15.51)pg/mg, t=9.289, P<0.000]. Tube wall was markedly thickened in the model group after being given high fat feed for 12 weeks, and intimal wall was significantly thickened after 16 weeks, and endotheliocyte injury, deep collagen fiber, monocyte adhesion, visible atherosclerotic plaques were observed in the model grouop. Conclusion DHT-induced PCOS rat model by high fat feed reproduces the human typical clinical symptoms and pathological characteristics, it can provide a relatively simple and feasible rat model for further study of the mechanism of PCOS complicated with AS.

The flavonoid-metal complexes showed obviously stronger bioactivities such as antibiosis, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-free-radical, possibly because of the stronger binding force caused by the change in complex structure and accessibility to target spots, or the synergy effect between flavonoids and metallic ions. This essay summarizes studies on bioactivity and mechanism of flavonoid-metal complexes, in order to provide reference for in-depth study and development on effective constituents contained in flavonoid traditional Chinese medicines.
Animals ; Coordination Complexes ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central role of the vestibular system on control of blood pressure and interrelationships between the vestibular nucleus and solitary nucleus during acute hypotension were investigated in bilateral labyrinthectomized (BLX) or sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats. Changes of electrical activity in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), solitary tract nucleus (STN), and rostral ventrolateral medullary nucleus (RVLM) were investigated in rats in while acute hypotension was induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). RESULTS: Evoked potential in MVN neuron caused by electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system was composed of 3 waves with latencies of 0.48+/-.10 ms, 1.04+/-.09 ms and 1.98+/-.19 ms. Electrical stimulation to MVN or RVLM increased blood pressure. MVN at the induction of acute hypotension showed excitation in 61% of type I neurons and inhibition in 68% of type II neurons. In STN, acute hypotension produced excitation in 62.1% of neurons recorded in intact labyrinthine animals, inhibition in 72.3% of neurons recorded in BL animals, and excitation in 60% of recorded neurons in SAD animals. In RVLM, acute hypotension produced excitation in 66.7% of neurons recorded in intact labyrinthine animals and inhibition in 64.9% of neurons recorded in BL animals. In spatial distribution of STN neurons responded to acute hypotension, excitatory responses were mainly recorded in rostral and ventral portion, and inhibitory responses were mainly recorded in caudal and lateral portion. In RVLM, excitatory responses were mainly recorded in rostral and dorsomedial portion, and inhibitory responses were mainly recorded in caudal and ventrolateral portion. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that afferent signals from the peripheral vestibular receptors are transmitted to STN through the vestibular nuclei and assist to the baroreceptors for controlling blood pressure following acute hypotension.
Animals ; Blood Pressure* ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials ; Hypotension* ; Neurons ; Nitroprusside ; Pressoreceptors ; Rats* ; Solitary Nucleus ; Vestibular Nuclei

Hypotension is one of the potential causes of dizziness. In this review, we summarize the studies published in recent years about the electrophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms of hypotension-induced dizziness and the role of the vestibular system in the control of blood pressure in response to hypotension. It is postulated that ischemic excitation of the peripheral vestibular hair cells as a result of a reduction in blood flow to the inner ear following hypotension leads to excitation of the central vestibular nuclei, which in turn may produce dizziness after hypotension. In addition, excitation of the vestibular nuclei following hypotension elicits the vestibulosympathetic reflex, and the reflex then regulates blood pressure by a dual-control (neurogenic and humoral control) mechanism. In fact, recent studies have shown that peripheral vestibular receptors play a role in the control of blood pressure through neural reflex pathways. This review illustrates the dual-control mechanism of peripheral vestibular receptors in the regulation of blood pressure following hypotension.
Blood Pressure* ; Dizziness ; Ear, Inner ; Epinephrine ; Glutamic Acid ; Hair Cells, Vestibular ; Hypotension* ; Reflex ; Vestibular Nuclei