[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo explore the occurrence and development of nasal polyps by studying the interleukin 17 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression level in nasal polyp tissues.METHODSNasal polyps in 30 patients with chronic sinusitis (with polyps), ethmoid sinus mucosa in 30 patients with chronic sinusitis (without polyps), inferior turbinate mucosa in 10 patients with nasal septum deviation were collected intraoperatively. IL-17 and VEGF expression were detected using immunohistochemistry SP testing, and correlation between them was analysed. RESULTS1. The expression of IL-17 and VEGF in nasal polyps group is significantly higher than that of the other two groups.There was significant difference between each two groups statistically (P<0.01). 2. The expression of IL-17 was positively correlated with VEGF expression in nasal polyps.CONCLUSION1. The expression of IL-17 and VEGF increased in nasal polyp tissues. 2. The expression of IL-17 and VEGFwas positively correlated in nasal polyps , and both of them take part in the occurrence and development of nasal polyps.

Objective To explore the expression levels of immune-related microRNA-146b (miR-146b),microRNA-155 (miR-155) and microRNA-30b(miR-30b) in human breast milk and its relationship with maternal and infant's health.Methods One hundred and thirty-four mothers and their infants from obstetrical department were recruited in the study after delivery.The subjects were divided into 2 groups,breast feeding group(n =86) and formula-feeding group(n =48),and were followed up 3 months after delivery.Breast milk samples were collected at 2-5 days after delivery(colostrum) and 3 months after delivery(mature milk).The expression levels of microRNAs in milk samples were detected by real-time PCR.The relationship between levels of microRNAs and maternal and infant-related factors was analyzed.Results 1.MiR-146b,miR-155 and miR-30b expressions were abundant both in human colostrums (5.950 ± 0.823,3.899 ± 0.920,4.057 ± 0.604) and mature milk (4.840 ± 0.805,2.128 ± 0.969,4.929 ± 0.566).The levels of miR-146b and miR-155 were higher in colostrum than that of mature milk (t =7.716,10.215,all P ＜ 0.01),while the level of miR-30b was higher in mature milk than that of colostrums(t =-8.626,P ＜ 0.0l).2.Additionally,the level of miR-30b was negatively correlated with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (r =-0.298,P ＜ 0.01).3.The levels of miR-146b and miR-30b were higher in mothers giving birth by vaginal delivery than those who underwent cesarean section(t =2.356,3.108,all P ＜0.05).4.The levels of miR-146b and miR-155 were higher in colostrum-fed girls than boys (t =-2.204,-2.985,all P ＜ 0.05).5.The level of miR-146b in mature milk was negatively correlated with 3-month-old infant' s Z score of body weight (r =-0.425,P ＜ 0.05) and body length (r =-0.569,P ＜ 0.01).6.During follow-up,the incidence of baby eczema in breast feeding group (8.82％,3/34 cases) was lower than that in formula milk feeding group(29.17％,14/48 cases) (x2 =5.012,P =0.025).Conclusions The levels of immunocompetent microRNAs in human milk are influenced by the lactation period,maternal prepregnancy body mass index,mode of delivery and infant sex.The immune-related microRNAs in human milk could be involved in the regulation of infant's immunity and growth.

Objective: In order to understand and supervise the current situation of school health in Shanghai, the feasibility of internet-technology (IT) based school health management model is exarnined. Methods: Questionnaire survey, The feasibility analysis of IT based school health management model is discussed. Results: Principal directors from educational departments and health supervision centers more optimistic about the school health supervision model than school teachers(80.0%, 95.5%, 52.0%;73.3%, 90.9%, 55.1%). However, the three departments all in the publishing the information of school health(0, 13.9%, 6.3%). Conclusion IT based school health management model will become one of the most important supervision methods in the future. School Health management model based on IT is feasible.

Objective To explore the use double butterfly wings raised platform method for patients with fixed effects of abdominal cavity drainage tube. Methods For the treatment of gynecological surgery in the hospital and abdominal cavity drainage tube of the clinical data of 245 patients were analyzed, and on October 31, 2016 as the cut-off time was divided into the control group of 119 cases and observation group of 126 cases in control group were treated by conventional methods for abdominal cavity drainage tube, observation group of patients with double butterfly wings raised platform in the abdominal cavity drainage tube was fixed, and comparative analysis of two groups patients with abdominal cavity drainage tube drainage effect, pull the pain caused by fixed effects, and the drainage tube. Results The observation group and the control group there was no statistically significant difference total indwelling time, pain score, to observe group posted time (2.00±1.36), respectively (3.00± 0.62), the control group, respectively (5.00 ± 1.89), (0.35 ± 0.05) points, two groups compare the difference was statistically significant (t=7.883,3.457, P<0.01), the observation group without pipe of 100.0％(126/126), the control group without pipe of 89.9％(107/119), part of the pipe of 7.6％(9/119), completely pipe of 2.5％ (3/119), two groups compare the difference was statistically significant (Z=-15.305, P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with the conventional abdominal cavity drainage tube fixed method, double butterfly wings raised platform method fixed abdominal cavity drainage tube fixed effect is better, can significantly ease the pain of patients suffer, saved the time nursing.

Objective: To understand the current situation and regulatory effectiveness of daylighting and artificial lighting in primary and secondary school classrooms in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for enhancing the visual environment of school classrooms. Methods: From April 2021 to December 2023, the daylighting and artificial lighting conditions of classrooms in 1 735 regular primary and secondary schools currently in operation in Shanghai were monitored, and the qualified rate of each indicator was calculated. The Chisquare test or Fisher exact probability method were used to compare the differences in qualification rates across different educational stages, regions, school type, both before and after the implementation of regulatory measures. The regulatory measures included convene interview, propaganda and education, supervision order, supervisory opinion paper, rectification requests and offenses and punishment. Results: The qualified rate of daylighting and artificial lighting in primary and secondary school classrooms was 30.1%, with a qualified daylighting rate of 85.6% and a qualified artificial lighting rate of 32.9%. There was no statistically significant differences in the qualified rate of daylighting and artificial lighting in primary and secondary schools (32.4%，28.1%；χ2=3.76，P＞0.05). However, statistically significant differences were found in the qualified rate of daylighting and artificial lighting in urban and rural school classrooms (32.6%，26.7%), as well as in public and private schools (31.4%, 20.6%) (χ2=6.99，9.92，P＜0.05). Following the implementation of regulatory measures, the qualified rate of classroom daylighting and artificial lighting improved from 30.1% to 83.2%, while the respective qualified rates of daylighting and artificial lighting increased from 85.6% to 91.1% and 32.9% to 90.5%. Compared to the preimplementation period, the qualified rate of classroom daylighting and artificial lighting, as well as the respective rates of daylighting and artificial lighting, all showed statistically significant differences after the implementation of regulatory measures (χ2=995.29，25.34，1 219.87，P<0.01). Conclusions Effective regulatory measures can promote enhanced classroom daylighting and artificial lighting. Attention should be paid to improving classroom artificial lighting, in order to provide students with enhanced visual environment.

Objective:To analyze the effect of breastfeeding on glycolipid metabolism status of gestational diabetes mellitus women and their offspring.Methods:Literatures related to the effect of breastfeeding on glycolipid metabolism status of gestational diabetes mellitus women and their offspring were searched through Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SinoMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and VIP. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to Feburary 15, 2022. Literature retrieval and data extraction were conducted independently by two researchers.Results:A total of 21 articles were included, including 5 Chinese literatures and 16 English literatures. The effects of breastfeeding on glycolipid metabolism of gestational diabetes mellitus women and their offspring were mainly reflected in regulating blood glucose and lipids, improving insulin sensitivity, helping postpartum weight loss, reducing the incidence of metabolic related diseases, etc.Conclusions:Breastfeeding is beneficial to the glycolipid metabolism of gestational diabetes mellitus women and their offspring. Medical staff should strengthen health education on the benefits of breastfeeding and provide adequate breastfeeding counselling and support, so as to improve breastfeeding rates of gestational diabetes mellitus women.

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of neonatal immunoprophylaxis in children born from mothers infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV),and to clarify whether a booster vaccination is required.Methods Totally 252 children of HBV infected mothers,who were negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) tested in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital in 2012,were enrolled to participate in this study from July to September,2017.Revaccination of hepatitis B vaccine was recorded and other relevant informations were collected.HBV serologic markers were detected in each child.Results Totally 198 children (78.6％) were followed up.They were (8.4 ± 2.2) years old and 112 cases were boys.All 198 children were negative for both HBsAg and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc).The overall positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) (≥ 10 IU/L) was 65.7％.During period of 2012 to 2017,53 children were boosted with hepatitis B vaccine.Their median anti-HBs titer in 2017 was higher than that in 2012 (327.95 IU/L vs.158.01 IU/L),and the difference was significant (Z =-4.480,P ＜0.05).The other 145 children were not revaccinated,their median anti-HBs titer was decreased from 214.19 IU/L in 2012 to 70.49 IU/L in 2017,and the difference was significant (Z =-6.575,P ＜ 0.05).Of 145 children who were not revaccinated,25 cases had anti-HBs levels ＜ 10 IU/L and 120 cases ≥ 10 IU/L in 2012,and the other 47 cases also showed the antibody ＜ 10 IU/L in 2017,but none of them was infected with HBV.Conclusions Neonatal immunoprophylaxis in infants from HBV-infected can provide long-term protection against hepatitis B.The children with anti-HBs ＜ 10 IU/L are still immune to HBV and booster vaccination for them seems unnecessary.

Objective:To investigate the application status of emergency radiology in China, and to provide data support for the standardized development, scientific management and big data research of emergency radiology.Methods:From August 12th to October 19th, 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted through WeChat"Questionnaire Star"to send targeted questionnaires to investigate the relevant data of the current status of emergency radiology in China, mainly including digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT). This study was initiated by the Chinese Emergency Radiology Database Collaboration Group, and comprehensively investigated emergency imaging personnel, equipment, workload, critical value reporting process, and artificial intelligence (AI) application status.Results:There were 123 hospitals in the study. The survey showed that emergency DR/CT reports were mainly completed by residents and above (69.1%). There were 21 DR brands, 10 CT brands and 8 MR brands used for emergency imaging examinations. The median number of DR examinations in tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals investigated from January to June 2022 was 4 642 and 2 015 cases respectively, and the median number of CT examinations was 16 512 and 3 762 cases respectively. The average single-shift workload of DR in the emergency radiology department during the day and night shift in tertiary hospitals was mainly ≤20 copies and 21-50 copies, and the average single-shift workload of CT in the emergency radiology department during the day and night shift was mainly 21-50 copies and 51-100 copies, while the average single-shift workload of DR/CT in the emergency radiology department during the day/night shift in secondary hospitals was mainly ≤20 copies. In terms of critical value reporting process, 74.8% of emergency imaging doctors and 84.6% of emergency imaging technicians took the way of phone/text message to notify the clinical doctor or the patients′ family. The overall deployment rate of AI in emergency imaging was about 60.2%. 75% of the respondents believed that in the future, AI can improve emergency radiology work from aspects such as emergency screening, aided diagnosis and process optimization.Conclusions:The emergency medical imaging mainly based on DR and CT has the current situations such as generally low seniority of doctors, diverse brands of imaging equipments, large volume of examinations and intense workload per doctor, especially in tertiary hospitals, and dependence on traditional means for critical value reporting. At present, AI is emerging in the field of emergency imaging, and there is still a long way to go to play the huge potential of AI in the intelligent whole process of emergency imaging in the future.

With the increasing cost of drug development and clinical trials, it is of great value to make full use of all kinds of data to improve the efficiency of drug development and to provide valid information for medication guidelines. Model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) combines mathematical models with meta-analysis to integrate information from multiple sources (preclinical and clinical data, etc.) and multiple dimensions (targets/mechanisms, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, diseases/indications, populations, regimens, biomarkers/efficacy/safety, etc.), which not only provides decision-making for all key points of drug development, but also provides effective information for rational drug use and cost-effectiveness analysis. The classical meta-analysis requires high homogeneity of the data, while MBMA can combine and analyze the heterogeneous data of different doses, different time courses, and different populations through modeling, so as to quantify the dose-effect relationship, time-effect relationship, and the relevant impact factors, and thus the efficacy or safety features at the level of dose, time and covariable that have not been involved in previous studies. Although the modeling and simulation methods of MBMA are similar to population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (Pop PK/PD), compared with Pop PK/PD, the advantage of MBMA is that it can make full use of literature data, which not only improves the strength of evidence, but also can answer the questions that have not been proved or can not be answered by a single study. At present, MBMA has become one of the important methods in the strategy of model-informed drug development (MIDD). This paper will focus on the application value, data analysis plan, data acquisition and processing, data analysis and reporting of MBMA, in order to provide reference for the application of MBMA in drug development and clinical practice.

Large population-based cohort study is an important resource for population disease prevention and control, the results of which provide scientific basis for individualized treatment and precise prevention, and it is also the key strategic content of precision medicine. The Chinese Preventive Medicine Association coordinated experienced researchers from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and other professional institutes to write up the group standard entitled Technical specification of management for field investigation in large population-based cohort study (T/CPMA 001-2019). Based on the research of large population-based cohort study in China and the principle of scientific, normative, applicable, and feasible, the standard proposed six aspects of management requirements including institutional arrangement, personnel composition, equipment, materials, documents and finance, as well as the basic requirements of the on-site investigation, the requirements of each position and the overall quality control requirements, etc.. The standard aims to guide the large population-based cohorts that have been or intended to be established in China, including national cohorts, regional population cohorts, and special population cohorts, hence to improve scientific research level, accelerate scientific research output and provide localization basis for disease prevention and control in China.