two-dimensional strain echocardiography can observe dynamic change of regional systolic function,combined with the two methods can more accurately assess the treatment results of coronary artery bypass surgery.

Background Study determined that retinitis pigmentosa has a similar pathogenesis mechanism to Alzheimer disease,and activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and its activators participates in the degeneration of central nervous system.Roscovitine,an inhibitor of Cdk5,can suppress activity of Cdk5/p25 pathway and therefore inhibit cell apoptosis.However,the influence of roscovitine on retinitis pigmentosa(RP) is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the expressions of p35,p25 and tau in the retinas of RCS rats.Methods Roscovitine of 4 μl was intravitreally injected in the right eyes of 12 SPF 17-day-old RCS rats,and the fellow eyes were not intervened as the control eyes.The rats were sacrificed on eighth day (postnatal 25 days) and eighteenth day (postnatal 35 days),and whole retinas were isolated to evaluate the relative expressions of Cdk5,p35,p25 and tau phosphorylation by Western blot,and the activity of Cdk5/p25 was analyzed by quantitative colorimetric assay.The results were compared between the right eyes and fellow eyes by paired t test.The use and care of the rats complied with Ethic Statement of Experimental Animal of Ningxia Medical University.Results In the eighth and eighteenth day after injection,the relative expression values (A values) of p35 in rat retinas were 1.186±0.019 and 1.069± 0.019 in the injected eyes,showing significant decreases in comparison with 1.364±0.016 and 1.214±0.008 of the fellow eyes (t =-6.294,-6.477,both at P＜0.05);the relative expression values (A values) of p25 in rat retinas were 0.312±0.009 and 0.269±0.018 in the injected eyes,which was significantly lower than 0.595±0.013 and 0.473±0.011 of the fellow eyes (t=-36.508,-11.879,both at P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the relative expression of Cdk5 protein between the injected eyes and the fellow eyes in various time points after injection (both at P＞0.05).The activities of Cdk5/p25 were (0.003 83 ±0.000 14) mol/(s · mg) and (0.002 01 ± 0.000 11) mol/(s · mg) in the injected eyes,with significant decreases in comparison with the (0.005 47±0.000 27)mol/(s · mg)and (0.003 35±0.000 15) mol/(s · mg) of the fellow eyes (t=-9.152,P=0.000;t=-9.248,P=0.000),and the tau phosphorylation levels followed the same pattern in the eighth and eighteenth day after injection (t =-9.854,-6.744,both at P＜0.05).Conclusions Intravitreal injection of roscovitine can inhibit the activity of Cdk5/p25 and tau phosphorylation level in retinas of RCS rats to certain extend.

The clinically applied value of myocardial perfusion and systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass surgery using real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) combined with two-dimensional strain echocardiography was assessed. Twenty patients underwent intravenous RT-MCE by intravenous injections of SonoVue before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. Two-dimensional images were recorded from the left ventricular four-chamber view, two-chamber view and the apical view before, and two weeks and three months after coronary artery bypass surgery, and the peak systolic longitudinal strain was measured. The results showed that myocardial perfusion was significantly increased after coronary artery bypass surgery in about 71.6% segments. In the group that myocardial perfusion was improved, the peak systolic longitudinal strain three months after bypass surgery was significantly higher than that before operation [(-15.78+/-5.91)% vs (-10.45+/-8.31)%, P<0.05]. However, the parameters did not change in the group without myocardial perfusion improvement [(-10.33+/-6.53)% vs (-9.41+/-6.09)%, P>0.05]. It was concluded that whether or not the improvement of myocardial perfusion can mirror the recovery trend of regional systolic function, two-dimensional strain echocardiography can observe dynamic change of regional systolic function. The combination of myocardial perfusion with two-dimensional strain echocardiography can more accurately assess the curative effectiveness of coronary artery bypass surgery.

Objective To evaluate the application of echocardiography in the diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve and its pathophysiologic development and to demonstrate the degree of aortic valve dysfunction. Methods The echocardiographic characteristics and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 135 patients with bicuspid aortic valve to demonstrate the variation of aortic valve dysfunction in the progression of the course of the disease. Results Isolated aortic regurgitation was present in 68 (50%) patients, 19 (14%)patients had isolated aortic stenosis and 29 (22%)patients had combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation, 19 (14%) patients had neither stenosis nor regurgitation. Aortic regurgitation were all more commen within each age group, aortic regurgitation were also more commen within each age group in patients in their advanced course who went to surgical treatment. Conclusions Echocardiography is an effective method in the early diagnosis of aortic valve dysfunction.

As the real-time and dynamic ultrasound images play an important role in the distance education of ultrasound medicine, the learning system is more dependent on the technology of modern net-work information. By using the DGX protocol, we have constructed an ultrasonic distance education system composed of 5 main operating terminals, which has ensured the reliable and adaptive window transmission, and has realized the optimization of the coding and decoding technology. At the same time, we have used the system to carry out ultrasonic distance education to medical students, the staff of our ultrasound department and the ultrasound doctors in other hospitals, and have achieved good results in practical application.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value and imaging characteristics of MRI in the placenta accreta of patients with retained placenta.Methods Archieves of patients with retained placenta confirmed by clinical pathology were reviewed,with focus on imaging findings of MRI,including location of and signal intensity of placenta attach,hematometra,presence and absence of placenta accreta,signal intensity of retained placenta,shape,margin and border of retained placenta.The imaging characteristics were analysized with blindness and compared between patients with and without placenta accreta.Diagnostic value of MRI and ultrasound for the placenta accreta of patients with retained products of conception was assessed.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups of MRI characteristics except that the edge of the placenta was not clear.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the evaluation of placenta accreta by MRI and ultrasound were 93.8% vs 56.3%,90.9% vs 90.9%,92.6%vs 70.4%,0.94 vs 0.9,0.91 vs 0.59,respectively;there were significant differences between MRI and ultrasound for sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value.Conclusion M RI is substantially better than ultrasound for the diagnosis of placenta accreta. The unclear placenta edge and signs of placental infiltration of the myometrium are the basis for MRI diagnosis of placenta accreta.

The clinically applied value of myocardial perfusion and systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass surgery using real-time myocardial contrast echo-cardiography (RT-MCE) combined with two-dimensional strain echocardiography was assessed.Twenty patients underwent intravenous RT-MCE by intravenous injections of Sono Vue before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. Two-dimensional images were recorded from the left ventricular four-chamber view, two-chamber view and the apical view before, and two weeks and three months af-ter coronary artery bypass surgery, and the peak systolic longitudinal strain was measured. The results showed that myocardial perfusion was significantly increased after coronary artery bypass surgery in about 71.6% segments. In the group that myocardial perfusion was improved, the peak systolic longitu-dinal strain three months after bypass surgery was significantly higher than that before operation [(-15.78±5.91)% vs (-10.45±8.31)%, P<0.05]. However, the parameters did not change in the group without myocardial perfusion improvement [(-10.33±6.53)% vs (-9.41±6.09)%, P>0.05]. It was con-cluded that whether or not the improvement of myocardial perfusion can mirror the recovery trend of regional systolic function, two-dimensional strain echocardiography can observe dynamic change of re-gional systolic function. The combination of myocardial perfusion with two-dimensional strain echocar-diography can more accurately assess the curative effectiveness of coronary artery bypass surgery.

Abstract In recent years, the incidence of allergic diseases in children and adolescents has been on the rise globally, which has become an important public health problem. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors for allergic diseases in this group. In this paper, through research review on the association between sleep behavior and allergic diseases in children and adolescents, it is suggested that sleep deficiency, sleep disorder and sleep rhythm disturbance are closely related to children s allergic diseases, which provides a new concept for prevention of allergic diseases through sleep behavioral improvement.

One highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from goose in China recently, designated as F-3. In order to study the viral entry mechanisms, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H5N1 subtype AIV isolate was amplified by RT-PCR, and then cloned into pGEM-T vector and sequenced. The sequencing result has logging in GenBank, the accession number was AY639405. The HA gene of F-3 had a complete open reading frame (ORE) and composed of 1707 nucleotides, coding for 568 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence at the cleavage site of the HA protein was RKKR GLF, matched to the characteristic of virulent avian influenza strain. The HA gene were subcloned into pcDNA3, so the plasmid pcDNA-HA can express the HA glycoprotein. Co-transfected pcDNA-HA, pHIT60 (include Murine Leukemia Virus structural genes, namely gag and pol) and pHIT111 (retroviral vector genome,containing LacZ as a reporter) into 293T cells. The retroviral supernatant were harvested 48 hours post-transfection, filtered through 0.45 micromol/L filter. The supernatant were used to analysis the characteristic of the pseudotyping virions by Western blotting and infection test. Western blotting revealed the HA glycoproteins can be expressed on the virions, indicated the glycoproteins were incorporated onto the retroviral virions. Infection test were performed on 293T, NIH3T3 and COS-7, all the three kinds of cells infected were lacZ positive, indicating viral entry, and revealed the pseudotype virions of MuLV-HA were infectious. So the pseudotype system of MuLV particles with AIV Hemagglutinin proteins were setted up and it can be used to study the entry of avian influenza virus isolated from goose in China.
Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukemia Virus, Murine ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Virion ; genetics

The present study evaluated the application of three dimensional echocardigraphy (3DE) in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD) and the measurement of its size by 3DE and compared the size with surgical findings. Two-dimensional and real-time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was performed in 26 patients with atrial septal defect, and the echocardiographic data were compared with the surgical findings. Significant correlation was found between defect diameter by RT3DE and that measured during surgery (r=0.77, P<0.001). The defect area changed significantly during cardiac cycle. Percentage change in defect size during cardiac cycle ranged from 6%-70%. Our study showed that the size and morphology of atrial septal defect obtained with RT3DE correlate well with surgical findings. Therefore, RT3DE is a feasible and accurate non-invasive imaging tool for assessment of atrial septal size and dynamic changes.
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/*diagnosis ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/*pathology ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery ; Young Adult