BACKGROUND: To make the echo signals reflected by interface with different depth and same property display the same amplitude,amplifier gain much be gradually increased based on depth(time),and the situation that weak long-distance reflected wave caused by ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic transmission attenuation process must be compensated.OBJECTIVE: To compensate the propagation attenuation of the echo signal in the medical ultrasonic system,a time gain compensating(TGC)circuit design scheme is presented,and the design basis and principles of the circuit are briefly introduced.METHODS: Aiming to the medical ultrasound system features,the variable gain amplifier parts VCA610 with high SNR,high-bandwidth were chosen to realize the ultrasonic gain compensation circuit.RESULTS and CONCLUSION: The design effectively solved the non-linear compensation of echo signals caused by echo distance in the medical ultrasound soft tissue measurement.Compared with traditional discrete components circuit,the scheme had the characteristics of simple circuit,stable and reliable TGC control signal,and flexible adjustment,etc.It can accurately compensate the attenuation of ultrasound in the human body,thus,provides a new and reliable method for the medical measurement system design.

Objective To investigate the effect of Erhuang decoction on TGF-β1 expression of lung tiusses and the concentrations of IL-33 in asthmatic rats. Methods Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups equally:Control group, Asthmatic group, Budesonide aerosol group, High-dose Erhuang decoction group ( 68 g/kg)and Low-dose Erhuang decoction group(17 g/kg). The model of asthma was established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitizing and challeng-ing. Then Erhuang decoction and budesonide aerosol was used respectively for intervention therapy. Histologic HE staining were used to observe the general pathologic alteration and to analyze the total bronchial wall area (Wat) and the muscle wall area(Wam). The protein expressions of TGF-β1 in the lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The concentra-tions serum IL-33 and BALF were tested by sandwich ELISA. Results There was significant reduction in the infiltrated inflammatory cells in all drug intervention groups compared with asthma group;The Wat and Wam in asthmatic group was significantly higher in than those in Budesonide aerosol group,High-dose Erhuang decoction group and Low-dose Erhuang decoction group ( Watμm2/μm:54.99±8.82, 52.28±7.61, 58.53±7.63 vs 79.50±5.64, P＜0.05;Wamμm2/μm:22.74±2.73, 20.63±1.72, 21.20±4.50 vs 30.16±1.68, P＜0.05);Compared with control group, BALF and serum IL-33 concentration were significantly higher in asthmatic group. Compared with asthmatic group, all the indicators were significantly decrease in the treatment groups after drug intervention (P＜0.05). Andthere was no significant difference between the treatment groups in all the indicators. TGF-β1 expression in lung tissues in asthmatic group were significantly higher than that in control group (12.60 ± 2.25 vs 1.67 ± 0.17). Compared with asthmatic group, there was significantly reduction of TGF-β1 expression in the Budesonide aerosol group (5.51±2.48), High-dose Erhuang decoction group (5.22±2.52) and Low-dose Erhuang decoction group (6.92 ±2.18) (P＜0.05). There were no significant difference between the treatment groups. TGF-β1 expression and se-rum IL-33 concentration in asthmatic rats were positively correlated with Wat and Wam. Conclusion The effects of Er-huang decotion on ameliorating the progression of airway remodeling about asthmatic rats may be partially by regulating TGF-β1 and IL-33.

0 05) Conclusion The COMT G1947→A gene polymorphism is not associated with the generation and the severity of PIH The mutation genotype does not increase the risk of PIH

Objective To investigate the influence of internet addictive disorder(IAD) patient' s family cohesion and adaptability effect with Satir family therapy.Methods According with table of random number,the patients (n =120) with IAD were divided into two groups,test group with the 60 patients and the control group with 60.All of subjects were given Linyi mental health center conventional interventions,test group with satir family therapy and the control group without the therapy.Measurements with the addiction self-test scale and the family cohesion and adaptability scale for five months before and after the intervention.The differences of the two groups were analyzed,and then the correlation analysis were used.Results After the intervention of the test group with Satir family therapy,compared to control group,the IAD score (54.28 ± 4.69) and family ideal cohesion (74.64 ±3.22),real cohension (70.42 ± 3.66),ideal adaptability (54.08 ± 5.78),cohesion dissatisfaction degree (5.07 ±1.64) and adaptability dissatisfaction degree (2.23 ± 0.85) score were all had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).IAD score,ideal cohesion,real cohension,ideal adaptability and real adaptability score,before and after the intervention between the control group and the test group had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The Satir family therapy can improve family cohesion and the adaptability,and also effectively improve the parent-child relationship.

Objective To investigate the effects of excessive aluminum on osteoclastic formation and function in C57BL/6 mice.Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n =20) were randomized by weight and divided into control group and treatment group.The mice were assigned to distilled water and 270 mg/L aluminum ion,respectively.After the 15-week treatment period,the mice were euthanized by ether asphyxiation.Concentration of serum aluminum ion was determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP).TRAP+ cells in vivo were observed using histomorphometry and osteoclasts microstructure using electron microscope (TEM).Osteoclasts were induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) with bone marrow macrophages separated from femur and tibia.The expression of mRNA related with bone resorption was detected,including c-FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (c-Fos),nuclear factor of activated T-cells cl (NFATc1),c-nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (c-Src),dentrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP),d2 isoform of vacuolar (H1) ATPase v0 domain (ATP6v0d2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).Results The data showed that the treatment group [(12.04 ± 0.21)mg/L] had significantly increased serum aluminum ion compared with the control group [(11.00 ± 0.04)mg/L,F =10.286,P ＜ 0.05].TRAP+ cells examination confirmed osteoclasts in treatment group [(31.39 ± 9.80) number] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(5.46 ± 4.15) number,F =9.344,P ＜ 0.05].A large proportion of osteoclasts in treatment group lacked ruffled borders and showed vacuolation degeneration.The expression of mRNA in treatment group was lower than that of the control group.The expression of mRNA in control group and treatment group was NFATcl (3.25 ± 0.93 vs.0.29 ± 0.18,F =11.602,P ＜ 0.05),c-Fos (0.86 ± 0.16 vs.0.16 ± 0.02,F =9.405,P ＜ 0.05),c-Src (8.82 ± 1.51 vs.2.29 ± 0.36,F =9.128,P ＜ 0.05),DC-STAMP (3.70 ± 0.70 vs.1.36 ± 0.57,F =10.298,P ＜ 0.05),ATP6v0d2 (15.60 ± 4.81 vs.1.39 ± 0.95,F =8.828,P ＜ 0.05),and MMP-9 (18.64 ± 7.62 vs.2.10 ± 0.92,F =9.356,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Conclusions Aluminum can increase the number of osteoclasts under epiphyseal plate,but inhibits osteoclasts differentiation.This phenomena may be related with decreased expression of c-Src,DC-STAMP,c-Fos,NFATcl,ATP6v0d2 and MMP-9 mRNA which regulate the function of osteoclasts.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ovarian cancer ascites-derived exosomes on the stem cell properties and invasion ability of ovarian cancer stem-like cell (OCS-LC).Methods:(1) A2780 cells were induced into OCS-LC in serum-free medium, and authenticating their stem-like properties by sphere-forming test, differentiation test and CD 133 marker detection. (2) Exosomes from ascites and A2780 cell were extracted by ultracentrifugation, then authenticating them. The morphology of exosomes was observed by the transmission electron microscope, exosome particle size was measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), CD 63 and CD 9 were detected by western blot. (3) The exosomes from ovarian cancer ascites and tumor cell supernate were co-cultured with OCS-LC. The groups were divided into control group, ascites-derived exosomes (ADE) group (ADE+OCS-LC group), and cells-derived exosomes (CDE) group (CDE+OCS-LC group). The sphere-forming ability was evaluated by sphere-forming cycle, maximum sphere diameter and sphere-forming rate of each group; the expression of CD 133 was detected by immunofluorescence staining under microscope; quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR was used to detected the expression levels of octamer-4 (Oct-4), Nanog mRNA of the signature genes in the stem cells of each group; the metastasis ability of each group was measured by transwell assay. Results:(1) Identification of OCS-LC: sphere-forming experiment showed that the suspension of OCSC single cells was grown in serum-free medium in secondary sphere-forming. Differentiation function experiment showed that OCS-LC were differentiated into adherent A2780 cells by changing the growth mode in serum containing medium. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of CD 133 positive ( CD133+) cells in OCS-LC group was (18.9±0.9)%, significantly higher than that of control group (0.6±0.5)% ( t=38.570, P<0.01). (2) Under transmission electron microscope, clear lipid bilayer structure was observed in ADE and CDE, and one side presented a concave hemispheric or cup like structure. NTA showed that the diameter of exosomes mainly ranged from 30 to 100 nm, with an average diameter of 67.2 nm. Western blot analysis showed that the specific protein molecules HSP-70, CD 63 and CD 9 were positive. (3) Three groups′ OCS-LC could continue to grow into spheres, and the group of ADE+OCS-LC showed two growth modes, most of the cells continued to grow into spheres, while a small part of cells grew in adherent differentiation. The sphere-forming rate of OCS-LC in the control group, ADE+OCS-LC group, and CDE+OCS-LC group were (1.05±0.20)%, (4.15±0.10)%, and (10.45±0.25)%, the sphere-forming cycle of OCS-LC in the three groups were (15.3±1.5), (10.3±0.6), and (6.7±0.6) days, and the maximum diameters of OCS-LC were (100.3±3.2), (145.2±5.1) and (170.0±2.1) μm, respectively. And the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After co-culture of exosomes with OCS-LC, the sphere-forming ability of cells in the group of CDE+OCS-LC was prior to ADE+OCS-LC group (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of CD 133 green fluorescent chromophore cells in OCS-LC groups [(46.2±2.1)%, (58.4±2.2)%] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(26.6±1.5)%] after the addition of exosomes in co-culture, the positive rate of CD 133 was higher than that in the control group( F=187.588, P<0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of Oct-4 mRNA in ADE+OCS-LC and CDE+OCS-LC groups were 3.46±0.24, 4.03±0.31, compared with that in control group (1.04±0.12), the differences were statistically significant ( F=134.932, P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of Nanog were 1.57±0.32, 2.66±0.15, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (1.00±0.07), and the differences were statistically significant ( F=49.329, P<0.05). And the expression of both in CDE+OCS-LC group increased more significantly than ADE+OCS-LC group (all P<0.05). The number of invasive cells in the three groups of OCS-LC were: control group 30±5, ADE+OCS-LC group 102±4, CDE+OCS-LC group 210±7, and there were statistically significant differences among three groups ( F=820.800, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of invaded cells in the co-culture group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), and the CDE+OCS-LC group had the higher cell invasion ability then the ADE+OCS-LC group ( t=23.202, P<0.05). Conclusions:Exosomes derived from ovarian cancer ascites could enhance and maintain the stemness of OSC-LC, and promote the invasion of tumor cells. Moreover, CDE is superior to ADE.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the ligustrazine injection on rats models of experimental high intraocular pressure induced by retina ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Thirty two SD rats were divided into four groups randomly:the ligustrazine group,the model group,the normal group and the vitamine E group.The ischemia-reperfusion model is established by increasing intraocular pressure to 110mmHg in rat eyes.The ligustrazine group was treated with the ligustrazine injection,the vitamine E group with gastric gavage of vitamine E,and the model and normal groups with distilled water.The period of treatment was 7 days.The histopathologic changes were observed under the optical microscope and the electron microscope,meanwhile the SOD and MDA were measured.Results After ischemia for 60 min and reperfusion for 48 h,the cells in retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer were thinned under optical microscope,perinuclear karyopyknosis and apoptotic bodies appeared in retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer under electron microscope,SOD activity decreased and MDA level increased.After treatment,the morphology of retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer was improved obviously,SOD activity increased and MDA level decreased.It is suggested that ligustrazine injection exerts anti-ischemic and anti-hypoxic and cytomembrane stabilizing effects to a certain extent.Conclusion The ligustrazine injection is an effective traditional Chinese medicine in treating retinal ischemia.

Objective To investigate the expression level of LMO1 in gastric cancer tissues and human gastric cancer cell lines,and explore the invasive and metastatic potential of LMO1 gene silencing by small interfering RNA on the human gastric cancer cell line MKN28.Methods Immunohistochemical technique was applied to detect the expression of LOM1 protein in gastric cancer tissues and tumor adjacent tissues of paraffin specimens in 30 cases.The expression levels of LMO1 in human gastric cancer cell lines AGS,BGC-823,SGC-7901,MKN28 and human gastric mucosal epithelial cells GES were detected by realtime-PCR and Western blot.Using LipofectamineTM 2000,LMO1 siRNA was transfected into MKN28 cellsin vitro (siRNA transfect group).Negative control was established.Real time-PCR and Western blot was used to examine the difference of LMO1 expression.Transwell assays were performed to identify the differences and changes of invasive and metastatic ability in gastric cancer cell line MKN28.Western blot was used to examine the expression levels of E-cadherin,MMP-9 and VEGF.Results Positive rate of LOM1 protein in gastric cancer tissues(77％)was higher than that in tumor adjacent tissues (17％) (x2 =21.70,P ＜ 0.01).Positive rate of Vavl protein was higher in lymphatic metastasis group than in non-lymphatic metastasis group(x2 =5.83,P =0.02).Compared with GES,the expression level of LMO1 increased significantly in gastric cancer cell lines,especially in MKN28 (P ＜ 0.01).The expression levels of LMO1 mRNA and protein in LMO1-siRNA transfected MKN28 cells were lower than the matched negative control cells (P ＜0.01).The invasive and metastatic potentials of LMO1-siRNA transfected MKN28 cellssignificantly decreased (t =-11.53,P ＜0.01;t =-10.68,P ＜0.01).The expression levels of E-cadherin were higher than the matched negative control cells;and MMP-9,VEGF protein in LMO1-siRNA transfected MKN28 cells were lower than the matched negative control cells (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions LMO1 has higher expression level in gastric cancer tissues and some gastric cancer cell lines,and down-regulation of LMO1 can inhibit the invasion and metastasis ability of gastric cancer.