Objective To understand the internal structure,loss direction of loss nursing staff, compare the current condition of nurses loss between minorities and Han nationality nurses, analyze the relationship between nurse turnover intention and job satisfaction in second-class and upwards general hospital of Xinjiang. Methods Adopting stratified random method, nursing staff from 61 second-class and upwards general hospitals were selected to participate the questionnaire survey. Results Loss of nurses in Xinjiang increased year by year. Nurses with age under 35 years old, college education, employment and with primary titles were most vulnerable to loss. The turnover rate of nurses with Han nationality was higher than minority nurses. Income, occupational status, learning assistance services, opportunities for personal advancement and retirement benefits constituted negative correlation with turnover intention, among which income level was most related. Health care services, work scheduling arrangements and the components of job independence demonstrated no significant correlation. Conclusions To improve income level of nurses and increase working enthusiasm of nurses with higher education and employment nurses, especially nurses with Han nationality is an important means to reduce the loss of nurses.

Objective To propose a novel computer-aided segment algorithm, and retrospectively investigate its effect on radiologist's sensitivity and specificity for discriminating malignant masses from benign masses basing on ultrasound images. Methods Four hundred and sixty-six images of 100 masses obtained by conventional ultrasound were processed by a novel segment algorithm. Radiologists who were blind to the histology results were invited to analyse the original and computerized images respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated by means of a binary outcome using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis. Results By using the segment algorithm, the quantity of the image was obviously improved, especially the margin and calcification of the masses. The diagnostic performance of the radiologists was also improved. The sensitivity rose from 70.32% to 90.52% while the specificity was 74.31%. The area under the ROC curve increased significantly (P<0.01) from 80.8% to 90.5%. Conclusions The proposed segmentation algorithm can improve the diagnosis performance of the radiologists by meliorating the quality of the ultrasound image.

Objective To evaluate the international blood smear review criteria for improvement using Beckman-Coulter hematology analyzers and find out proper slide review criteria suitable for Chinese population. Methods 3 600 random-selected blood samples were tested in three hospitals using MAXM, GENS and LH750 5-diff automated analyzers and a manual differential with a smear review was performed on all samples in the study. True positive rate, true negative rate, false positive rate and false negative rate were calculated according to the international blood smear review criteria. We have set up smear review criteria for Chinese population by analyzing false positive and false negative cases according to Chinese clinical conditions. Another 240 blood samples were tested in three hospitals using the same analyzers to verify the new slide review rules. Results According to international blood smear criteria, the true positive rate was 4.9%, false positive rate was 24.2%, true negative rate was 70.4% and false negative rate was 0.5%. The international smear review criteria were modified into 23 criteria by analysis of above statistical data. In addition, we added four WBC differential ratio rules in positive smear criteria. After modification, the true positive rate was 9.9% (355/3 600) ,false positive rate was 17.1% (617/3 600), true negative rate was 71.2 % (2 563/3 600) and false negative rate was 1.8% (65/3 600). No blast cell was missed using both smear review criteria. A little higher false negative rate after modification was caused by supplemented differential ratio roles in positive smear criteria. Verification results were satisfactory;The tree positive rate was 13.7% (33/240) ;false positive rate was 15.8% (38/240) ;false negative rate was 2.5% (6/240) and true negative rate was 68.0% (163/240). Conclusions Although the smear review criteria suggested by the International Consensus Group is clinically important, the false positive rate increases when they are used in Chinese population. The modified slide review criteria used on Beckman-Coulter hematology analyzers in this study are more suitable for Chinese laboratories.

Objective To construct 131 I labeled anti?EGFR immunoliposome nanoparticle ( 131 I?Cetuaximab ( C225)?BSA?PCL) , and investigate its inhibitory effect on EGFR?overexpressing cancer cells in vitro. Methods Anti?EGFR liposome nanoparticle C225?BSA?PCL and non?targeted liposomes BSA?PCL were constructed. The products were observed with transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scat?tering. The EGFR?targeted binding and cellular uptake in EGFR?overexpressing cancer cells were observed with flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Anti?EGFR and non?targeted liposomes were labeled with 131 I using the chloramine?T method. The targeted cell killing effects of 131 I labeled liposomes were analyzed using MTT assay. The time?dependent cellular uptake analysis was used to evaluate the slow?release effects of the 131 I labeled liposomes. The independent?samples t test was used for data analysis. Results The EG?FR?targeted liposome C225?BSA?PCL and non?targeted liposome BSA?PCL were successfully constructed, and the effective diameters were approximately 130-180 nm. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy re?vealed significant uptake of C225?BSA?PCL in EGFR?overexpressing tumor cells. BSA?PCL could also bind to cells with minimal and weak tumor retention. The EGFR?targeted radioactive liposome 131I?C225?BSA?PCL showed greater targeted cell killing effect than non?targeted liposome 131I?BSA?PCL,the IC50 values of 131I?C225?BSA?PCL and 131 I?BSA?PCL were 0. 03-1. 32 and 0. 25-12. 19, respectively. The uptakes of 131 I?C225?BSA?PCL was higher than that of 131 I?BSA?PCL ( t=3.03-16.86, all P<0.05) and reached the maxi?mal level at 4 h after incubation. Conclusions The EGFR?targeted liposome C225?BSA?PCL demonstrated superior cellular binding and uptake on EGFR?overexpressing cancer cells compared with BSA?PCL. The EGFR?targeted radioactive liposome 131 I?C225?BSA?PCL had favorable intracellular retention and excellent targeted cell killing effect, and could effectively suppress the growth of EGFR?overexpressing cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the biological effects of internal radiation and therapeutic effectiveness of 131I-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer of model mice.Methods Nano-liposome characterized for EGFR-targeting was constructed.The efficacy of cellular binding and uptake of the liposome was evaluated by the analysis of confocal microscopy observation and the iodide uptake assay.After intra-tumor injections of 74 MBq (740 MBq/ml) 131 I-antiEGFR-BSA-PCL,131 I-BSA-PCL,131 I or an equivalent volume of normal saline.The biological effects of internal irradiation and therapeutic efficacy of the liposomes on colorectal cancer modeled in a male BALB/c mouse were evaluated by means of tumor size,body weight,histopathology,and SPECT imaging.Results The confocal fluorescence images showed that the antiEGFR-BSA-PCL was successfully internalized into LS180 cells.The 131I uptake efficacy of 131I-antiEGFR-BSA-PCL was significantly higher than that of 131I-BSA-PCL in LS180 cells (t =2.77-5.40,P ＜ 0.01).Tumor size measurement showed that tumor growth was inhibited by the treatment with 131 I-EGFR-BSA-PCL and 131I-BSA-PCL,but had no significant differences between these two groups (P ＞0.05).It was found that the 131I-antiEGFR-BSA-PCL was markedly taken up by the tumor and reac hed its uptake value of (21.61 ± 1.0 1) and (20.58 ± 0.65)％ ID/g at 72 h following drug injection,which was higher than the uptake value of 131 I (t =9.36,8.69,P ＜ 0.01).SPECT imaging assay showed that,after being injected into mouse tumor,the 131 I-EGFR-BSA-PCL and 131I-BSA-PCL were uniformly distributed inside the tumor.Conclusions 131 I-antiEGFR-BSA-PCL obviously suppresses the development of colorectal cancer in mice.

Data based on the antiviral-resistant phenotyping characteristics of 884 influenza B viruses circulating in mainland China from October 2013 to March 2014 were analyzed to assess the susceptibility of influenza B viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. All 884 viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir; two viruses (0.23%) had reduced sensitivity to zanamivir and all other viruses were sensitive to zanamivir. Among the 38 viruses with a B/Victoria lineage, B/Shandong-Kuiwen/1195/2014 exhibited a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for zanamivir that was elevated by 5. 12-fold (1.78 nM) compared with neuraminidase inhibitors sensitive to the reference virus (0.34 nM), suggesting that it exhibited reduced inhibition by zanamivir. D35G, N59D and S402T (39, 64 and 399 with N2 number) amino-acid substitutions in the NA gene were detected with no previously reported antiviral-resistant substitutions. Among viruses with the 846 B/Yamagata lineage, B/Hunan-Lingling/350/2013 exhibited a 7.99-fold elevated IC50 for zanamivir (2.72 nM) compared with neuraminidase inhibitors sensitive to the reference virus (0.34 nM), suggesting that it exhibited reduced inhibition by zanamivir. D197N (N2 number), a previously reported antiviral resistant-related amino-acid substitution in the NA gene, was detected in B/Hunan-Lingling/350/2013. These data suggest that recently circulating influenza B viruses in mainland China have retained susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza B virus ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the phenotypic characteristics of antiviral-resistant influenza B viruses circulating in mainland China and to analyze the susceptibility of influenza B viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors ( NAIs) . Methods Antiviral-resistant phenotyping test was performed to analyze the NAI suscep-tibility of 1 386 influenza B viruses isolated in mainland China from April 2014 to March 2015, including the test of susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Results All of the 94 B-Victoria lineage viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Of all 1 292 B-Yamagata lineage viruses tested, 1 virus showed re-duced sensitivity to oseltamivir with NA gene containing I221T amino acid mutation, 10 viruses showed re-duced sensitivity to zanamivir with 4 having D197N amino acid mutation in NA gene, 3 viruses showed re-duced sensitivity to both oseltamivir and zanamivir with NA gene possessing D197N amino acid mutation and 1 virus carrying the A245T amino acid mutation in NA gene showed reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir and highly reduced sensitivity to zanamivir. Conclusion The majority of influenza B viruses circulating in main-land China during 2014 to 2015 were sensitive to NAIs, which indicated that NAIs could be used continually for clinical treatment of patients with influenza. Sustained monitoring of antiviral susceptibility of influenza B viruses should be emphasized for timely detection of antiviral resistant viruses and more attention should be paid to the D197N mutations in NA gene of influenza B viruses.

To analyze the antigenic and genetic characteristics of the influenza A (H3N2) virus in mainland China during the surveillance year of 2013-2014, the antigenic characteristics of H3N2 virus were analyzed using reference ferret anti-sera. The nucleotide sequences of the viruses were determined by Sanger dideoxy sequencing, phylogenetic trees were constructed with the neighbor-joining method, and the genetic characteristics of the viruses were determined in comparison to current vaccine strains. The results showed that most of the H3N2 viruses were antigenically closely related to the A/Victoria/361/2011 vaccine strain cell-propagated prototype virus (99.6%). Using the A/Texas/50/2012 egg isolate as the reference antigen, 15.1% of the viruses were found to be closely antigenically related to it, while 11.9% of strains were closely antigenically related to the egg-propagated epidemic strain, A/Shanghai-Changning/1507/2012. Phylogenetic analysis of HA genes indicated that the A(H3N2) viruses in this surveillance year were in the same clade, but no drug resistant mutation was identified in the NA genes. During the 2013-2014 influenza surveillance year, no significant genetic change was detected in either the HA or NA genes of the A(H3N2) viruses, while significant mutations were found in egg isolates resulting from their adaptation during propagation in eggs. The antigenic and genetic changes should be investigated in a timely manner to enable the selection of an appropriate vaccine strain in China.
Animals ; Antigenic Variation ; Base Sequence ; Chick Embryo ; China ; Genetic Variation ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of one-stage transurethral prostatectomy for prostatic hyperplasia accompanied by non-neurogenic detrusor acontractility.Methods:The clinical data of 35 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia accompanied by non-neurogenic detrusor acontractility admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to Octorber 2021 were analyzed.The average age was (74.0±7.9) years old. The average volume of prostate was (77.8±44.5)cm 3. The average total prostate specific antigen(tPSA)was(8.9±8.7)ng/ml. The preoperative international prostate symptom score(IPSS) was (19.1±4.3) and the preoperative quality of life score(QOL)was 5(5, 5). All the patients were treated with one-stage transurethral prostatectomy and suprapubic cystostomy. After removing the cystostomy tube, the post-void resident volume(PVR), the maximum urine flow rate(Q max), IPSS, QOL were recorded, and complications were followed up. Successful treatment is defined as the removal of the cystostomy tube without worsening of upper urinary tract hydronephrosis. Results:All the operations were successfully completed. The success rate of treatment was 85.7%(30/35), and the median time to resume spontaneous urination was 4.0(3.3, 4.5) weeks. The average postoperative Q max was (12.6±2.3)ml/s, and the average PVR was(27.7±9.5)ml. The postoperative IPSS was (5.5±2.4), which was significantly improved compared to preoperative( P<0.001). The postoperative QOL score was 1(1, 2) points, which was significantly lower than preoperative( P<0.001). The patients voiding spontaneously were followed up for 3-69 months, and no complications such as urinary retention, recurrent urinary tract infection and hydronephrosis occurred. Conclusions:One-stage transurethral prostatectomy for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia accompanied by non-neurogenic detrusor acontractility has a high success rate and few complications, which greatly improves the quality of life of patients.

Skeletal fluorosis is an endemic disease prevalent in many countries in the world. China is one of the countries most affected by endemic fluorosis. The typical pathological change of skeletal fluorosis is accelerated bone turnover in bone tissue, during which a large number of transcription factors, signaling proteins and signaling pathways are expressed abnormally. However, the specific mechanism is not completely clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Studies have shown that miRNA can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and is an important regulator of biological organ development and bone metabolic diseases. In this paper, the possible role of miRNA in the occurrence and development of skeletal fluorosis was discussed to provide ideas and directions for further study on the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis.