Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of the competency inventory for nursing students(CINS).Methods The competency inventory for nursing students was translated and revised in Chinese version.Totally,266 baccalaureate nursing students were tested by the Chinese version CINS.SPSS17.0 was used to test the reliability and validity.Results The Cronbach' s α of CINS was 0.966 and Cronbach' sα of each dimensionality was ranged from 0.827 to 0.951.The Split-half reliability of Guttman of CINS was 0.828 and Split-half reliability of Guttman of each dimensionality was ranged from 0.724 to 0.942.The test-retest reliability was 0.737 and the content validity was 0.956.The correlation coefficients among dimensionalities were ranged from 0.491 to 0.781 (P＜0.01).The correlation coefficients between dimensionalities and the total scale were ranged from 0.738 to 0.884(P＜0.01).Five factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis,accounting for 66.404％ of the total variance in the scale.Conclusion Chinese version of CINS is reliable and valid,and can be used to assess the competency of nursing students.

Peritumoral edema (PTE) of the metastasis tumor of brain (MTB) refers to the abnormal increase of moisture in the surrounding cerebral parenchyma of the brain tumor. The mechanism of PTE occurrence of MTB is complicated, and the influencing factors are diverse. PTE is one of the key factors that affect patient survival and cure. Researchers from China and overseas believe that it may be related to the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or VEGF receptor, aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6, hypoxia inducible factor-1a, and other molecular biology factors. Studies of these molecular biologi-cal factors provide objective scientific evidence for the prevention, control, monitoring, treatment, and prognosis of PTE of metasta-sized brain tumor. In addition to the traditional dehydration therapy of PTE, the use of PTE-related molecular biological factors pro-vides a new approach for the treatment. AQP-4 agonists or antagonists and VEGF receptor antagonists also have good therapeutic poten-tials. In this paper, the authors reviewed the PTE-related molecular biological factors of MTB.

Objective To explore the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) to test the serological BP180NC16A-ELISA index in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and investigate the relationship of this index with disease monitoring and therapeutic guidance.Methods The serological BP180NC16a-ELISA index at different times was examined in twenty BP patients with ELISA kit and monitor changes of pre-treatment BP180NC16a-ELISA index condition score and efficacy relationship..Results Twenty patients tested by ELISA had 19 cases of positive patients with positive rate of 95.0％ and one case negative with negative rate of 5.0％.After treatment,19 cases (19.60 ±4.63)d became stable,and condition score was (3.75 ± 1.37) points.After continued treatment (28.75 ± 6.11) d entering clinical remission,condition score was (2.25 ± 1.21)points.Compared with the score before treatment condition [(5.55 ± 1.61) points],differences were statistically significant (Z =-3.808,-3.965,P ＜ 0.01),and clinical remission score below clinically stable condition (Z =-3.808,P ＜0.01).A total of 19 cases of patients' pre-ELISA treatment index were positive correlation with after treatment stable period and clinical remission period (rs =0.788,0.752,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions This study demonstrated that ELISA-detected BP180NCI6a-ELISA index was positively correlated with the BP disease severity and clinical course,which could be as the guideline to monitor and clinical treatment.

There have been many reports of clinical and experimental researches of microacupuncture therapy, the relevant systematic works, teaching materials and national standards in recent decades. It shows that microacupuncture system has been formed and its influence has been promoted. While the rapid development of microacupuncture therapy, there are the problems and contradictions on nomenclature, explanation of theoretical basis, optimal indications, and multiple systems and schools, etc. All the above have blocked the clinical application and development. It is considered that we need to unify the nomenclature, condense the theoretical basis, clear the optimal indications, promote the exchange and blend among different schools and sum up the outcomes by systematic review and data mining technique.
Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Needles

Objective To study the effect of compound Minwei syrup on serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in patients with chronic urticaria.Methods 189 patients with chronic urticaria were enrolled as the observation group,60 cases of non-allergic diseases were selected as the control group.The observation group was treated by compound Minwei syrup for average 7 days.Serum levels of IL-4 and IFN-γbefore and after treatment were detected.Results After treatment,in the observation group 123 cases recovered,34 cases had marked effect,effective in 23 cases,9 cases without effect,the total effective rate was 95.2％.Serum IL-4 in the observation group before treament was significantly higher than the control group(t =3.729,P ＜ 0.01),IFN-γwas significantly lower than the control group(t =3.064,P ＜ 0.01).After treatment,serum IL-4 in the observation group was significantly lower than before treatment (t =2.778,P ＜ 0.05),1FN-γwas significantly higher than the control group (t =2.467,P ＜ 0.05).Mild drowsiness and sleepiness appeared in 2 patients in the observation group,symptoms disappeared after drug withdrawal.Conclusion Minwei syrup can significantly improve IL-4 and IFN-γ balance in patients with chronic urticaria.

BACKGROUND: There is no effective method to identify liver cancer stem cells until now, which has become one of the major challenges in this field. OBJECTIVE: To explore a more effective and suitable way for the identification of liver cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. METHODS: Firstly, the single cell separation technique was used to obtain single cells, which were seeded into 96-wel plates one by one. Secondly, cell sublines derived from single cell colonies (tumorigenic colonies) were selected and obtained. At last, the cells from these clones were transplanted into the forelimb armpits of nude mice to observe the tumorigenic ability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of holes of single cells obtained was 371 by the single cell separation technique, and the success rate was 96.4%. According to the growth of cell clone, tumorigenic colonies were selected to be transplanted to the forelimb armpits of nude mice, and the tumor formation rate of the colonies was 100%. The identification model of single-cell-transplant-tumorigenic-test for liver cancer stem cells is confirmed to be preliminarily established, which lays the technology and methodological basis for the follow-up research.

Objectives To report the first case of multiple trichodis coma in China.A 31-year-old man presented with multiple,broomcorn grain to r ed bean-sized,skin-colored,firm papules on the right lower extremity for 15 years,and similar lesions on the left knee and lower leg for about one year.T he lesions were asymptomatic.Methods and Results Histopathology showed acanth osis of epidermis,proliferation of fine reticulate collagen fibers and depositi on of focal mucinous proteins in upper dermis.Small blood vessels and nerve fib ers were increased,and proliferation of elastic fibers was localized in the hai r follicles and around some rete ridges.Proliferated hair follicles were seen i n the margins of the lesions and extended down in a collar-like pattern.Ultra structurally,Merkel cell-axon complex was located in the overlying basal lami na of the epidermis.Myelinated nerve fibers were seen in the upper dermis.Bloo d vessel alterations were found under electron microscopy,some basal laminae of blood vessels exhibited laminated structure,proliferation of fibrous component,and thickened wall of blood vessels were observed.Conclusions The disease is rare.It is a hamartoma originated from hair disk.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of urgent surgical correction for infra-cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) in infants and children. Methods From July 2000 to April 2009, seventeen patients with infra-cardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection received surgical correction in our department. The age of patients ranged from 15 days to 3.7 months at admission, 9 patients ( 52.9 % ) were younger than 1 month of age. The mean body weight was (4.10 ±0.95) kg and was less than 5 kg in 15 patients (88.2%). Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) without cerebral perfusion was used in 13 patients (76%), and continuous hypothermic low-flow perfusion was used in4 (24%). Incisions on the left atrium and pulmonary veins were sutured without tension, and the width of the anastomosis was 2.5 to 4.0 cm. Results Urgent operations were performed in all patients and no early death occurred during surgery.Mean bypass time was 121.9 minutes ( ranging from 70 to 277 minutes) and mean aortic cross-clamp time was 44 minutes ( ranging from 30 to 74 minutes). 6 neonates had delayed wound closure after surgery and 4 had obvious pulmonary edema. Inhalation of nitric oxide was given to 5 cases for the management of significant postoperative pulmonary hypertension, while peritoneal dialysis was performed in 2 cases with temporary renal failure. Transient atrioventricular block of grade 3 occurred in 2patients and acute renal failure occurred in 2 cases. All patients were uneventfully discharged. The mean ventilation time was 45 h (ranging from 12 to 430 h). Mean duration in ICUs and hospitals were 15 days ( ranging from 4 to 40 days) and 22. 5days ( ranging from 10 to 42 days), respectively. During the period of follow up, one patient presented with pulmonary venous obstruction and recurrent pulmonary infection with increased flow speed at the site of anastomosis, pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation on echocardiogram. No improvement was observed in the patient spite of medical treatment and he was lost during follow up one year after operation. 16 patients received postoperative follow up for 1 month to 9 years, mean (51.8 ± 35.0) months. Echocardiography, chest radiography, and ECG were performed during this period. As a result, most children had good cardiac function, with sinus rhythm on ECG and apparently reduced pulmonary congestion on radiography.No obstructive pulmonary venous return was observed on echocardiography. Most patients had good cardiac functions. Conclusion Corrective operation for infra-cardiac TAPVC on urgent basis may provide favorite outcomes. The prognosis is associated with the size of anastomosis between the pulmonary vein and left atrium, as large anastomosis may prevent the obstruction of pulmonary venous retum.

Objective To investigate the effects of sufentanil,remifentanil and fentanyl oH cellular immune function in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal cancer.Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients aged 45-64 yr undergoing radical resection of esophageal cancer were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=15 each):sufentanil group(SF);remifentanil group(RF)and fentanyl group(F).The patients were premedicated with iv atropine 0.5 mg.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.04 mg/kg,propofol TCI(CT=3μg/ml)and TCI of sufentanil,remifentanil or fentanyl(CT=0.5,5 and 5 ng,ml respectively in the 3 groups).Endobronchial intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane(0.7-1.5 MAC)and TCI of sufentanil,remifentanil or fentanyl(CT=0.5,5 and 5 ng/ml respectively).Venous blood samples were taken from peripheral vein before anesthesia(T0,baseline),60 min after skin incision(T1),immediately(T2),24 h(T3)and 72 h(T4)after the end of operation for determination of the expression of CD3+,CIM+,CD8+on T cells and CD3-CD16+CD56+on natural killer cells by flow cytometry,CD4+/CD8+ratio,serum concentrations of IL-2 and IL-10 by ELISA.Results Compared with the baseline values,the CD4+T-lymphocytes and CIM+/CD8+ratio were significantly decreased at T2,while the CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells were significantly increased in all 3 groups.The CD3+T-lymphocytes were significantly decreased at T2 as compared to the baseline value at T0 in SF and RF groups.The CIM+and CD3+T-lymphocytes were significantly decreased at T3 as compared with the baseline value in all 3 groups.Serum IL-2 concentration was significantly higher at T3 in SF group than in RF group.Serum IL-10 concentration was sismficantly higher at T4 in RF group than in SF group.Conclusion Sufentanil,remifentanil and fentanyl can depress cenular immune function to some extent in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal cancer.

Aim To establish a method to evaluate lymphatic drainage of macromolecular tracer in cerebrospinal fluid in rats.Methods Rat cervical lymphatic blockade(CLB)models were established by occlusion of cervical lymphatic tubes and removal of cervical lymphatic nodes.The rats were divided into non CLB(normal controls) and CLB groups.~(125)I-labeled human serum albumin(~(125)I-HSA)was injected into the left lateral cerebral ventricle,and blood samples were collected and ~(125)I-HSA concentrations were detected continually within 24 hours.Concentration-time curve was drawn according to the single compartment model in pharmacokinetics.Parameters of pharmacokinetics such as area under curve(AUC),maximum concentration(C_(max)),transfer rate constant K_a and peak time(T_(max))were derived.The AUC,C_(max),K_a,and T_(max) regarding the lymphatic drainage of ~(125)I-HSA were calculated based on the differences between the two groups.Results AUC,C_(max),K_a of ~(125)I-HSA by lymphatic drainage were 51.97 mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1),2.91 mg·L~(-1),and 0.64 h~(-1),respectively.The proportion of AUC,C_(max),K_a of ~(125)I-HSA by lymphatic drainage to those of drained by both arachnoid granulations and lymphatics was 71.53%,44.02%,58.18%,respectively.T_(max) in CLB group(8.36±0.82 h)was much longer than that in non CLB group(3.57±0.54 h).Conclusions A method to evaluate lymphatic drainage of macromolecular tracer in cerebrospinal fluid in rats is successfully established.The lymphatic drainage pathway plays an important role in eliminating macromolecular substances in cerebrospinal fluid.