AIM: To establish the method of determining procyanidin B2 content in grape seed extract by HPLC. METHODS: The determination was carried out with ZORBAX SB-C_ 18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-2% acetate buffer under the gradient elution condition, detection wavelength was at 280nm. RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship between the peak area and concentration in the range of 1~30 ?g/mL for procyanidin B2. The average of procyanidin B2 (n=5) was 99.29% and RSD=1.64%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate, reproducible and can be used for assay of procyanidin B2.

Objective:To observe dynamic change of phosphorylated tau protein and non phosphorylated tau protein in axon and explore whether GSK3 in serum were related with phosphorylated tau protein in brain of EAE mice.Methods: Mice were randomly divided into six groups:EAE group of acute stage,EAE group of paralytic stage,EAE group of remission stage,control group of acute stage,control group of paralytic stage,control group of remission stage,each group had twelve mice.EAE model were constructed by MOG35-55 peptides in EAE group, the saline was used in control group.The nerve function scores and incidence were observed and compared.We observed degree of brain inflammation by HE staining and measured axons which contained two kinds of tau protein by immunohistochemistry.GSK3 in serum was tested to find correlation with phosphorylated tau protein in brain by ELISA method.Results:Nerve function scores in EAE group were higher than control group.The degree of inflammation damage was more serious in EAE group than control group,gradually enhancing with time.Phosphorylated tau protein in brain gradually increased before mice paralyzing(P<0.01),but it decreased when symptom relieved(P<0.01).GSK3 in serum were correlated with phosphorylated tau protein in brain(r=0.9326,P<0.01),linear regression equation:Y=2.950+0.418X.Conclusion:Phosphorylated tau protein in brain are correlated with axon damage and GSK3 in serum could indirectly reflect axon damage in brain.

Objective To characterize the skin physiology function of patients with ache and to facilitate its treatment. Methods Sixty patients with acne (20 males and 40 females) and 60 healthy human controls (20 males and 40 females) were included into this study. The average age of patients and controls was 23.4 years and 25.1 years, respectively. Sebumeter was used to detect the sebum secretion in the following areas: forehead, nose, right and left cheeks, Cutometer(R) MPA580 to measure the skin elasticity, and Scalar Moisture Checker to test the skin hydration on right and left cheeks. Results A significant increase was observed in the level of sebum secretion in the T-zones (199.98±58.21 μg/cm2 vs 117.55±63.16 μg/cm2, t=7.34, P<0.05) as well as in the cheeks(154.45±55.06 μg/cm2 vs 87.50±47.36 μg/cm2, t=7.14, P< 0.05) in the patients compared with the controls. However, the level of skin elasticity and hydration was of no significant difference between the patients and controls (0.7931±0.0755R vs 0.7882±0.0498R, 30.75%±3.87% vs 30.94%±2.91%, respectively, both P>0.05). Conclusion Facial sebum secretion is increased in patients with acne.

Objective This article aimed to investigate the treatment adherence of patients with hypertension and examine determinants of adherence.Methods A longitudinal design was adopted to test the treatment adherence and correlated factors of patients with hypertension twice from 2009 to 2012.The influencing factors of treatment adherence in patients with hypertension were analyzed.Results A total of 520 patients finished the first investigation,and 331 patients completed the second investigation.The comparison of demographic characteristics between patients who participated the second investigation or not showed no significant difference except for the education degree (x2=9.38).The incidences of symptoms and complications,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of hypertensive patients and the laboratory indexes such as serum creatinine (SCr),total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein (LDL),high density lipoprotein (HDL),fasting blood-glucose and postprandial blood sugar in the second investigation were lower than those of the first investigation,but the difference showed no statistical significance.The scores of treatment adherence,self-efficacy,social support,quality of life were higher in the second investigation than those of the first investigation.The multiple regression analysis found that treatment adherence,social support,education degree and duration of disease course were significant predictors in the first investigation entered the equation,accounting for 26％ of the total variance,among which treatment adherence explained 15％ of the variance,social support 7％,education degree 3％ and duration of disease course 1％.Conclusions The treatment adherence of hypertensive patients improved over one year follow-up.Healthcare providers should pay attention to adherence behavior at initial phase of disease development,and effective strategies targeted patients at risk are suggested to be necessary and should be designed according to the factors affecting adherence.

Objective To determine the serum levels of cross-linked telopoptide of type Ⅰ collagen (ICTP),alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in patients with primary malignant bone tumor,primary benign bone tumor and malignant tumor metastasized to the bone,and to explore the clinical value of ICTP and ALP in identification and diagnosis of bone tumor.Methods Sixteen primary malignant bone tumor patients,16 primary benign bone tumor patients and 18 malignant tumor metastasized to the bone patients in 2012 were studied.Serum ALP was assayed by SFBC rate method and ICTP by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (EIA).Results The serum levels of ICTP was not significantly different between primary benign bone tumors and normal control group (P ＞ 0.05),but the other between-groups had statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of ALP in malignant tumor metastasized to the bone was significantly higher than the rest of the group (P ＜0.01),but the difference between the remaining groups was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The area under roc curve (AUC) of ICTP for diagnosis of primary benign bone tumors,malignant tumor metastasized to the bone,primary malignant bone tumor (0.923,0.926,0.874) was higher than the ALP (0.354,0.702,0.865).Conclusions Serum ICTP and ALP were sensitive and convenient biochemical indices which reflected metabolism of patients with bone tumor.Serum ICTP was more specific and sensitive than ALP and they have clinical importance for differential diagnosis as an index of bone tumor.

Objective To investigate the security characteristics of rural young boarding pupils and its influencing factors.Methods 210 boarding and 265 non-boarding rural young pupils of Huojia in Henan were tested by questionnaires,including of a self-developed questionnaire,security questionnaire and adolescent mental resilience scale.Results ①The scores of the interpersonal security (25.99 ± 5.53),the determine control sense factor (24.63 ±6.17) and the total security(50.62 ± 10.37) in the boarding pupils were statistically lower than non-boarding pupils (27.36 ± 6.38,26.00 ± 6.55,53.36 ± 11.77,P ＜0.05).②There were statistically significant difference in the scores of the interpersonal security,the determine control sense factor and the total security among the different grades(P＜0.05),but there were no statistically sex difference in the scores(P ＞ 0.05).③Group regression analysis showed that,no family factors in the young boarding pupils had influence on the score of the security sense factors and the total (P＞0.05),and marital relationship of parents,only child,father' s and mother(')s education background of non-boarding pupils had certain influence on the score of the interpersonal security,the determine control sense factor and the total security (β =-0.43-0.27,P＜ 0.05).④The group regression analysis showed that,the problem solving and self-efficacy,parents'high expectations in mental toughness respectively had some effect on the interpersonal security of boarding and non-boarding pupils(β =-0.15,β =0.25,P＜0.05),and social ability and family care,schools resilience respectively had influence on the determine control sense in boarding and non-boarding pupils (β =-2.91-2.87,P＜0.05),and social ability,parents'high expectations respectively had influence on the total security in boarding and non-boarding pupils (β =-0.17,β=0.22,P＜0.05).Conclusion The security-sense in boarding young pupils are lower than the non-boarding young pupils,and family factors and mental toughness have different effects on security-sense of two kinds pupils.

BACKGROUND: Cleistocalyx operculatus is a dried alsbastrum of myrtle. It is reported that cleistocalyx operculatus extracts can improve cardiac contraction through inhibiting the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase, and decrease rate of contraction. Do cleistocalyx operculatus extracts have the biological activity of antioxidation?OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of cleistocalyx operculatus on oxidative injury of PC12 nerve cells induced by H2O2.DESIGN: Non-randomized controlled study.SETTING: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at New World Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering of East China University of Science and Technology, from May to November 2002.Eight adult male Kunming mice were selected. PC12 nerve cells were supplied by Shanghai Cell Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.METHODS: Model of oxygenic injury of PC12 nerve cells was estabPC12 cells were cultured in 96-well plates. Cleistocalyx operculatus was diluted with RPMI1640 culture medium into five concentrations of 0.001,0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/L with 3 wells in each concentration; each well had 2×103 cells. Blank control group, or non-drug culture medium group, was set. Under the standard condition, cells were cultured for 48 hours and ascells were inoculated in 96-well plate with the density of 2×103 for 24-hour wall adhering, and then divided into normal control group (normal cell without H2O2 or cleistocalyx operculatus extracts), 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/L cleistocalyx operculatus. Cells in all groups except normal control group were treated with 200 μmol/L H2O2 at 37℃ for 3 hours, then cleistocalyx operculatus of various concentrations was added and survival rate was asfree radicals: PC12 cells with oxygen-derived free radicals were treated in the same way as done for cell survival rate assay and measured with CDCFH staining method.fect of cleistocalyx operculatus extracts on intracellular and extracellular oxygen-derived free radicals in PC12 nerve cells induced by oxidative injury.operculatus could protect nerve cells; however, at 0.055-1.00 g/L the effect on cell growth did not significantly differ from that of blank control extracts had no protective effect on the injury of PC12 nerve cells induced by H2O2. At 1.00 g/L, it had strong plerosis for oxidative injury of PC12 and extracellular oxygen-derived free radicals in PC12 nerve cells was increased; however, at 0.01 g/L concentration of cleistocalyx operculatus extracts, the level was lower than that in model group.dation of membrane lipid of hepatic microsome, but also protect against oxcleistocalyx operculatus extracts is related to its concentration. At 1.00 g/L,it has great capacity of oxidation plerosis, and at 0.01 g/L it can decrease the level of oxygen-derived free radicals inside and outside cells.

BACKGROUND: The expression of main histocompatibility antigen in cornea of rats is similar to that of human. It is verified in early experiments that penetrating corneal transplantation in rats is more repetition and reliability, and the operation difficulty is lower than that in mice.OBJECTIVE: To establish rat model of penetrating corneal transplantation and analyze the reasons of complications during model preparation and the corresponding managements and probe into the method for improving the success rate of rat model of corneal transplantation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Department of Ophthalmology in Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March to May 2004. Seventysix outbred female Wistar rats of two months old were employed and randomized into experimental group and control group with 38 rats in each,without eye disease, of clean grade, body mass varied from 180 to 200 g and their right eyes were taken as acceptors. Thirty-eight SD female rats were employed and their both eyes were taken as donors. All of the animals were provided from Experimental Animal Center of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.METHODS: Central penetrating corneal transplantation in situ was adopted and the model was established on the right eye of Wistar rat. Ten minutes before operation, tropicamide eye drops was administrated twice to amplify adequately the pupil of the right eye up to 4.0 mm. According to body mass, general anesthesia was done with abdominal injection of 3.0 mL/kg chloral hydrateand dicaine eye drops was applied twice 5 minutes before the operation with 0.1 volume fraction. Routine sterilization was done on the head of rat, the eyes kept in horizontal level and respiration kept smooth. The clip in dental-ophthalmology department was used to fix the posterior of the operated eye and make it to be semiluxated. The ring driller 3.5 mm in diameter was used to collect corneas of both eyes in SD rat as the implant tissue and place in culture dish with endothelial part upward, covered with methyl cellulose of 20 g/L mass weight concentration. The ring driller, 3.0 mm in diameter was used to collect the cornea of the right eye in Wistar rat to be the graft foreman, and the implant tissue was sutured into the graft foreman on the right eye of Wistar rat with 10-0nylon thread intermittently. Eight stitches were done in corneal transplantation in the experimental group and 6 stitches in the control group. After operation, ofloxacin eye drops was administrated and the operated eye was covered with plaster. Corneal rejection was observed and the evaluation was done in 3 items, named, turbidity, edema and neogenetic vessel. The total score of 3 items was taken as the rejection index on the day. Rejection was determined if the rejection index on the day ≥5 or corneal turbidity reached the 3nd grade. x2 and Fisher definite probability methods were used for statistical examination.plant tissue and corneal rejection.RESULTS: Of 76 Wistar rat acceptors, 5 rats were dropped out, among which, 1 rat was died accidentally after operation in the experimental group, 2 rats were died accidentally after operation in the control and 2 rats were injured cornea on the operated eyes due to fighting. But by supcomplications after corneal transplantation: In the experimental group, the number with anterior adhesion of sclera, non-round pupil; limited wound healing and non-formation of anterior chamber was lower than that in the implant tissue and corneal rejection: the survival time of corneal implant tissue was similar basically in both experimental group and the control [(8.9±2.3), (8.6±2.3) days, P ＞ 0.05]. Rejection presented in both groups in 16 days after corneal transplantation and the incidence of rejection was 100%.CONCLUSION: With stitches maintained and without intervention, the acute rejection is similar in rat corneal transplantation and human corneal transplantation. It is explained in the experiment that 8 stitches in corneal transplantation in which the rat implant tissue of 3.5 mm matches graft foreman of 3.0 mm can reduce the complications of rat corneal transplantation and becomes a satisfactory animal model of corneal transplantation.Skillful microscopic operation techniques, satisfactory operation instruments and adequate amplilfied pupil can reduce to the most extent the postoperation complications in rats.

AIM: To develop a rapid HPLC method for quality control of traditional Chinese medicinal ingredients consisted of citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin. METHODS:Gradient elution with non-salt mobile phase ( methanol and water only) HPLC method on a Kromasil column ( 100-5C18-250A, 4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5 μm, C18 reverse phase) with peaks identification through DAD full UV wavelength scan. UV 284 nm and 332 nm profiles were observed. RESULTS: Satisfactory resolution, linearity, 95%～ 102% of recovery and 1.88 ～ 2.93% of repeatability were obtained for those five citrus flavonoids. Content of 6 Citrus aurantium L. based TCM ingredients were analyzed and identified. CONCLUSION: Rapid HPLC test method on citrus flavonoids was developed and can be in LC-MS identification.

Objective To explore the value of three antibodies in the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma ,by de‐tecting the expression of HBME‐1 ,CK19 and CD117 in papillary thyroid cacinoma ,thyroid follicular adenoma and Hashimoto′s thy‐roiditis tissues .Methods Totally 85 cases were collected from January 2013 to December 2015 ,including papillary thyroid cacino‐ma ,thyroid follicular adenoma and Hashimoto′s thyroiditis .They were immunohistochemical stained by HBME‐1 ,CK19 and CD117 .SPSS16 .0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the staining results with different pathological changes . Results The positive rates of HBME‐1 ,CK19 and CD117 were 87 .3% ,98 .2% ,and 7 .3% ,respectively .The positive expression of them in benign and malignant groups had significant difference (P< 0 .05) and their consistency checking Kappa were 0 .582 , 0 .551 ,and 0 .874 ,respectively .Conclusion In the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign lesions ,CD117 is better than HBM E‐1 and CK19 .It′s possible to use a combination of them in practice .