Abstract Benzo [a] pyrene ( B [a] P ) is a well-recognized environmental pollutant. Exposure to B[a]P elicits many adverse biological effects, including tumorigenesis, immunosuppression, teratogenicity, and hormonal effects. In addition to B [a] P exposure-induced genetic damages, a growing number of studies demonstrate that epigenetic changes play an important role in chemically induced carcinogenesis. In order to provide better understanding of epigenetic changes of B [a] P and their potential association with genotoxic endpoints, this review summarizes the advances in the applications of functional genomics in the research of B [a] P toxicity, including functional genomics techniques, regulation of human genome expression, DNA sequence variability, model organisms research, and bioinformatics studies, so as to provide insights into the management of B [a] P exposure-induced health injuries and use of genomics techniques to unravel the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of other environmental pollutants.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of transurthral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia( BPH) at high risk.Methods Forty-eight patients with BPH at high risk were treated with transurthral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP).The clinical data and therapeutic results were measured.Results All patients went through the perioperiative period safely and had been followed up for 3 to 14 months.Postvoid residual ( PVR) , the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) before operations were (97.5 ± 16.9) ml, ( 28.4 ± 2.3 ) score and (5.5 ±0.6) score respectively.Three months after operation ,PVR ,IPSS and QOL were( 30.2 ± 12.3 ) ml, (8.2 ± 1.3 ) score and( 1.9 ±0.5) score respectively,there was significant difference between them(t =22.31,53.16,31.94,all P<0.05).Conclusion TUVP is an effective and safe method in treating BPH patients at high risk.

[Objective]To study the effects of different storage method on the viability of cheodroeytes so as to find out the idem method for preservation of articular cartilage.[Method]Under the aseptic condition,acquiring 240 pieces of osteoehondral plugs from both condyles of femur and tibial plateau.The control group was not treatment using any preserved means.The tissue-cultured group was to used F12-DMEM medium long-term preserved osteochondral plugs under the conditions of 37 ℃.At preserve 8 weeks,takes the osteochondral section to carry on examination observation ohondrocytes Viability activeness change separately.[Result]The control group chnadrocyte survival rate was 94.4%.At preserves 8 weeks,the cell survival rate of the tissue-cultured group was 76%,the grading-cooling cryopreservation group was 66%,the constant-cooling cryopreservation group only was 41.80%.[Conclusion]Under the condition of 37 ℃,tissue culture method can long term preservation of vital articular cartilage in vitro.The chondrocyte survival rate of the preservation of vital articular cartilage in vitro.The chondrocyte survival rate of the tissue-cultured method obvious higher than constant-cooling cryopreservation method.

Objective To compare the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) alone or in combined with ranibizumab versus ranibizumab monotherapy (intravitreal injection,IVR) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods 80 eyes of 72 patients with PCV were enrolled into this retrospective and comparative study according to their therapeutic plan.30 eyes of 28 patients,28 eyes of 30 patients and 22 eyes of 21 patients were divided into PDT group,ranibizumab 0.5 mg group (IVR group) or the combination group,respectively.The patients with PCV were diagnosed according to clinical symptoms,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescent indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).The baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before treatment was more than 0.05,and there was no retinal fibrosis and scar for all patients.There was no statistical difference of age (F=0.187),gender (x2 =0.423),average BCVA (F=1.120) and central retinal thickness (CRT) (F=0.431) among three groups (P＞0.05).They had not received any treatment before.Patients received verteporfin PDT in PDT group,3 consecutive monthly IVRs starting day 1 in IVR group,and 3 IVRs after 3 days,1 month,2 months of PDT starting day 1 in combination group.Re-treatment was considered 3 months later if the follow up shown no changes in fundus photography,OCT and ICGA.The average follow-up time was 19 months.BCVA at baseline and follow-up visit at 1,3,6,12 months was measured,and the proportion of patients with ICGA-assessed complete regression of polyps at month 6 was recorded as primary outcome.The CRT was measured at baseline and 6 months as secondary outcome.Results There were significant difference of BCVA at 1,3,6 and 12 months among three groups(F=5.480,5.249,3.222,4.711;P＜0.05).The average BCVA was significantly better at 1,3,6,12 month than that at baseline(t =-6.632,-4.127,-3.904,-4.494;P＜ 0.05) in combination group,and was significantly better at 3,6,12 months than that at baseline (t=-5.636,-3.039,-3.833;P＜0.05) in IVR group.However there was no significant difference of the average BCVA in PDT group between follow-up at 1,3,6,l 2 months and baseline (t=1.973,0.102,-0.100,-0.761;P＞0.05).The proportion of patients with complete regression of polyps at 6 months was higher in PDT (76.7％) or combination group (68.2％) than IVR group (35.7％) (x2=0.003,0.025;P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of CRT among 3 groups at baseline (P=0.651).The mean CRT decreased in all 3 treatment groups over 6 months (t=5.120,3.635,5.253;P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference of CRT among 3 groups (F=1.293,P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Three therapies could effectively decrease CRT.IVR or IVR combined with PDT are both more effective than PDT therapy to improve vision of PCV patients.PDT or PDT combined with IVR was superior to IVR pnly in achieving complete regression of polyps in 6 months in PCV patients.

Objective To study the incidence of PTEN, p53 and Ki-67 expression in astrocytoma and show the relationship between PTEN, p53 expression and the proliferation activity. Methods The surgical specimens from 68 brain astrocytoma patients were analysed to detect PTEN, p53 and Ki-67 expression with immunohistochemical method. Results The incidence of PTEN, p53 and Ki-67 expression was 54.4 %,45.6 % and 48.5 % respectively in astrocytoma. With the grade of astrocytoma increasing the levels of PTEN protein decreased, on the other hand the levels of p53, Ki-67 increased. There was a negative correlation between PTEN expression and grade of astrocytoma while there was a positive correlation between p53, Ki-67 expression and grade of astrocytoma by using the Spearman Correlation test to analyse the data. The incidence of Ki-67 positive expression was 24.3 % in 37 cases exhibiting PTEN positive staining, whereas the incidence of Ki-67 positive expression was 77.4 % in 31 cases exhibiting PTEN negative staining. In statistics, there was an inverse correlation between PTEN and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion There is an inverse correlation between histopathological grades of astrocytoma and PTEN expression. A positive correlation is found between p53, Ki-67 expression and histopathological grades of astrocytoma. PTEN can inhibit tumor cell proliferation in astrocytoma.

Famous TCM gynecological experts in the contemporary era represent the highest level of TCM gynecology during modern age.This article studies the academic thoughts of eight famous TCM gynecologic experts according to academic schools.The purpose is to seek the commonness of these academic thoughts and research their characteristics.It is extremely significant in inheriting and developing these doctors′ academic thoughts without sectarianism,which will help to guide the clinical works.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in performing percutaneous biopsy for peripheral lung lesions. Methods A total of 132 patients with peripheral lung lesions underwent ultrasonography-guided percutaneous biopsy. Of the 132 patients, 72 received CEUS examinations before biopsy (CEUS group), and 60 received simple biopsy with no CEUS examination (control group). The ultrasonography imaging characteristics, the times of puncture biopsy, the diagnostic accuracy rate and the incidence of complications were recorded , and the results were compared between the two groups. The clinical value of CEUS in improving the success rate of percutaneous biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions was analyzed. Results Necrosis(areas of echoless) was demonstrated in 44.4%of the patients (32/72) in CEUS group, while it was displayed in only 6.7% of the patients (4/60) in the control group. The demonstration rate of necrosis in CEUS group were statistically higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). In CEUS group coexisting local pulmonary atelectasis was found in 12.5%of the patients (9/72), and the pulmonary lesion within the atelectasis could be clearly displayed. In the control group, local pulmonary atelectasis was demonstrated only in 1.7% of patients (1/60), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy rate of CEUS group and the control group was 95.8% (69/72) and 80% (48/60) respectively, the difference was significant (P<0.01). The average number of punctures in CEUS group and the control group was (2.4 ± 0.6) and (2.6 ± 0.6) times respectively, the difference was not significant. The incidence of complications in CEUS group and the control group was 2.8% and 3.3%respectively, the difference was not significant. No severe complications occurred in both groups. Conclusion CEUS examination that is carried out before percutaneous pulmonary biopsy can effectively demonstrate the inner structure of the lesion, thus the diagnosis can be correctly made. Therefore, CEUS is of great value in guiding percutaneous pulmonary biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the method of primary culture for endometriotic cells and to find out the differences in morphological manifestations among endometriotic cells and eutopic endometrial cells sampled from patients with endometriosis and endometriosis-free women. METHODS: Endometriotic and eutopic endometrial cells were cultured by modified method of primary culture. The endometriotic cell types were observed and differentiated under optical and electron microscopes. RESULTS: The success rates for culture of eutopic endometrial cells from endometriosis-free women and patients with endometriosis were 91.67% and 93.75% respectively. The success rate for culture of endometriotic cells was 75.00%. The size of endometriotic glandular cells was similar to those of eutopic endometrial glandular cells from endometriosis-free women and patients with endometriosis. The chromatin was manifold and the nucleus was augmented in the endometriotic glandular cells. The endometriotic stromal cells were smaller than the eutopic endometrial stromal cells from endometriosis-free women and patients with endometriosis. Many tiny villi and protuberances on plasma membrane could be seen in the endometriotic stromal cells. CONCLUSION: The success rate for culture of endometriotic cells can be elevated through improving the method of primary culture. The ultrastructures of endometriotic glandular and stromal cells are obviously different from those of eutopic endometrial glandular and stromal cells from endometriosis-free women and patients with endometriosis.

Objective To explore the influence of erythropoietin (EPO) on infection induced neonatal rat brain injury at different starting time and its related mechanism.Methods Postnatal day 2 (P2) newborn SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (group A),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (group B),the early EPO group(group C)and the later EPO group(group D).Pups in group A,B and C were injected different drugs intraperitoneally(group A for saline,group B for 0.6 mg/kg of LPS,and group C for 0.6 mg/kg of LPS and 5 000 U/kg of EPO) once a day for consecutive 5 days(P2-P6).LPS in group D were injected 0.6 mg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally once a day for consecutive 5 days(P2 P6),and with 5 000 U/kg of EPO once a day for consecutive 5 days(P7-P1 1).Rats in each group were given different drugs starting at corresponding time by intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days.Every 10 newborn rats in group A and B were selected randomly on P2(6 h after intraperitoneal injection of drugs for the first time),P7 and P12,the brains were divided into the left and the right hemispheres marked by sagittal suture,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to evaluate the erythropoietin receptor(EPOR) protein level with the right cerebral hemisphere and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to investigate EPOR mRNA level of the left cerebral hemisphere.Immunohistochemical method was adopted to evaluate the expression of myelin basic protein(MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and EPOR at specified time point,and HE dyeing for the pathological changes of brain damage in different groups.Results HE staining of the group A presented the normal structure in the neonatal rat brain.Reduced numbers of hippocampal pyramidal cells,expansion of the lateral ventricles and periventricular leukomalacia were found in group B.No leukomalacia or lateral ventricles's expansion in EPO administrated groups and it was more obvious in group C.The EPOR protein and mRNA of group B was increased compared with the group A.The EPOR protein and mRNA levels had a tendency to decline with the increase of age.The MBP expression of group B(107.46 ±3.65)was significantly reduced compared with the group A(146.78 ± 3.13) (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of EPO groups increased in contrast to the group B,moreover,the group C (126.25 ± 4.42) increased more obviously than that of group D(117.35 ± 3.42) (P ＜ 0.05).The GFAP expression of group B(141.46 ± 11.92 at P7 and 149.48 ± 13.59 at P12) increased significantly than group A(120.63 ± 13.32 at P7 and 119.74 ± 12.48 at P12) (P ＜0.05),the EPO group expressed lower than group B at the P12,and the group C (134.59 ± 12.19) decreased than the group D(137.27 ± 13.87) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions EPO shows a protective effect on the cerebral white matter injury caused by postpartum infection,it is superior to administer EPO at early time than later time.The mechanism of the protective effect may be connected with the fact that the infection can induce the expression of brain EPOR and the EPOR expression level has a tendency to decline with the increase of age.