Clinical epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with infectious diseases, which is confirmed by recent studies implying the role of vitamin D as a key regulator of host defense against infections. Bioactive vitamin D triggers antimicrobial pathways against pathogens in mucous membrane and cells of the human innate immune system. In addition, vitamin D also attenuates excessive inflammation and acquired immunity, and thus limits collateral tissue damage. The observed effects of vitamin D on infectious diseases, particularly airway infections, should be addressed in the management of viral infections. Findings from cross-sectional studies should be confirmed by prospective research. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the effect of vitamin D on innate and acquired host defense against infections.

Objective Comparing the rejection status between different sources of kidney and immunosuppressive therapy of renal transplantation,to find the effective monitoring of rejection.Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records.Results There was no statistical difference in the rejection rates of kidney transplantation after 1 year between different sources of kidney and immunosuppressive therapy(P>0.05).Blood pressure and body temperature can effectively monitor rejection.Conclusion To reduce the rejection rates of kidney transplantation,a good monitoring and nursing are necessary.

Objective To study the relationship between serum C-reactive protein(CRP)levels and insulin resistance(IR)in patients with hyperglycemia and obesity.Methods Fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2h plasma glucose(2hPG),fasting insulin(INS),patient height and weight were measured.Body mass index(BMI)and Homa insulin resistance index(Homa-IR)were calculated.Based on BMI and PG,the participants were divided into 4 groups:normal control group(30 cases),simple obesity group(30 cases),impaired glucose regulation(IGR)obesity group(30 cases)and type 2 diabetic obese group(30 cases).Serum C-reactive protein levels were measured with immunoturbimetric assay.Results(1)CRP and the Homa-IR in other groups were significantly increased comparing with normal control group,with statistical difference observed(P

To evaluate the curative effect of antisense telomerase ODN on malignant glioma cells. The activity of telomerase in 16 fresh malignant gliomas was detected positive by PCR ELISA method. After covered with lipofectin, the 5?mol/L telomerase ODN was incubated with cultured gliomas cells. PCNA, TUNEL positive rate and the phase of cell cycle were detected by FcM per 24h. The results showed: Anti sense ODN inhibited telomerase activity after being applied for 48 hours, and inhibition was complete at 72 hours, The ODN inhibited proliferation of malignant gliomas and promoted their apoptosis markedly at 72 hours. After 96 hours, most transfected glioma cells were stopped to grow at G 2/M phase, and the number of apoptosis cells increased as time went on. The results suggested that anti sense telomerase ODN could inhibit the telomerase activity, and in turn promote aptoptosis of glioma cells and inhibit the growth of the tumor.

Objective To know the cognition,attitude and needs among middle-aged andaged women with urinary incontinence(UI) in communities. Methods A questionnaire survey wasconducted in 66 middle-aged and aged women with UI in two communities and the results were an-alyzed. Results Most patients lacked the knowledge of UI;UI had impact on their physical andmental heahh.Must patients wished to know about the treatment knowledge,and health education of med-ical staff was the most promising way.The mastering degree of knowledge about disease was not related tothe serious degree of disease and age,but was positively related to education degree and economic income.Conclusions We should publicize the knowledge about UI and provide health education and emotionalsupport to patients.And we should emphasize the training about UI among medical staff.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided and nerve stimu-lator-guided modified fascia iliaca compartment block combined with popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block in patients undergoing unilateral great saphenous varicose veins surgery.Methods Sixty patients, male 32 and female 28,aged 42-76 years,ASA Ⅰor Ⅱ,scheduled for unilateral great saphenous var-icose veins surgery were randomly divided into two groups (n =30 each):modified fascia iliaca com-partment block with popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block group(group N)and epidural anesthesia(group E).Firstly,popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block was performed in group N.Then confirmed iliac fascia and femoral nerve position on the ultrasonic image and the femoral nerve was blocked.The 1% lido-caine 10 milliliters and 0.5% ropivacaine 10 milliliters were injected in the fascia iliaca compartment block from medial border of sartorius to upward site of femoral artery.Meanwhile,the ultrasonic probe was moving inside in the level of inguinal ligament.The SBP,DBP and HR were recorded be-fore block(T0 ),10(T1 ),30(T2 )and 60 minutes(T3 )after block.The block working time and onset time of sensory block,use of ephedrine after anesthesia,anesthesia efficacy and the postoperative ad-verse reactions in the last 48 hours ,including nausea,vomiting,headache and urinary retention, were also recorded.Results Compared with T0 ,the SBP and DBP was significantly decreased at T2 in group E(P <0.05).Compared with group E at the same time,the SBP and DBP was significantly higher at T2 in group N(P <0.05).The onset time of sensory block was significantly shortened and the use of ephedrine after anesthesia was also less in group N(P <0.05 ).Group E was better than group N in the whole anesthesia efficacy (P <0.05),but there was no significant difference in the ex-cellent rate of anesthesia efficacy between the two groups.The incidence of postoperative urinary re-tention was significantly decreased in group N(P <0.05)and there was no significant difference of the rate of nausea,vomiting and headache.Conclusion Modified fascia iliaca compartment block with popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block has excellent anesthetic quality in patients undergoing unilateral great saphenous varicose veins surgery,which ensures more stable hemodynamics less side effects and more indications when compared with epidural anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of forced-air warming system combined with infusion heating technology on recovery quality and cellular immune.Methods Fifty patients scheduled for esophagus cancer resection randomized into two groups (n =25 each):the temperature protection group (group W)and the control group (group C).The intraoperative nasopharyngeal temperature was recorded before induction (T1 ),2 hours after operation (T2 ),the end of operation (T3 ),postoperative 2 hours (T4 ).The anesthesia wakening time,the occurrence of postoperative shivering and infection,hospitalization time were also recorded.Venous blood samples were taken at T1 ,T3 ,two days (T5 )and five days after the operation (T6 )for analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry.Results Compared with T1 ,the nasopharyngeal temperature was significantly de-creased at T2 ,T3 and T4 in group C, and the nasopharyngeal temperature in group W was significantly higher than those in group C at T2 ,T3 and T4 (P <0.05).The anesthesia wakening time and the occurrence of postoperative shivering in group C was significantly more than those in group C (P <0.05).Compared with T1 ,the percentage of CD4 + cells and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio were significantly decreased and the percentage of CD8 + cells increased in both groups at T3 (P <0.05).Compared with group C at T3 ,the percentage of CD4 + cells and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio were significantly increased and the percentage of CD8 + cells decreased in group W (P <0.05).Conclusion The clinical use of forced-air warming system combined with infusion heating technology can protect the patient??s body tempera-ture,shorten the anesthesia wakening time,reduce the occurrence of postoperative shivering,which protects the patient??s immune function and accelerates recovery after surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of synthetic intervention on community re-entry of outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods Two hundred and eighty-four patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 143 ) and the control group (n = 141 ). The participants in the intervention group received mental health education, medication consultation, skill training and family-based psychological intervention for 1 year. The control group was followed up through clinic visits. At baseline,half a year and the end of the year,all the subjects completed the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results The scores of SSRS and PANSS at baseline were not significantly different between the two groups. At the end of the year,the score of SSRS (32. 85 ± 12. 18) ,the objective support subscale (9. 15± 4. 18 ) ,the subjective support subscale ( 16. 92±7. 34) and the support utility subscale (6. 77±2. 09 ) in the intervention group were significantly increased when compared with the control group ( 31.05±8. 35,7. 77±4. 36,13.46±7.87,6. 23±2. 12, all P < 0.05 ). The score of PANSS (38. 88 ±9. 58 ), the positive subseale (7.40 ±1.12 ), the negative subscale ( 11. 32±5.92 ) and the general psychopathology subscale (20. 16±5. 19 ) in the intervention group showed significant difference with the control group (46. 88 ±16. 37,8.60 ±3. 19,13.52±7. 81,24. 76±8. 08 ,all P <0. 01 ). At the end of the year,the relapse of psychotic symptoms in the intervention and the control group was 18. 18% and 34. 75% ,respectively ( χ2 = 10. 03, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion The study results suggest that synthetic intervention could be effective for schizophrenic outpatients in community re-entry.

The clinical data of 16 patients with rupture of corpus cavernosum penis were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were referred to the Department of Urology from January 2005 to November 2009.The causes of penile injury were trauma due to sexual intercourse ( 12 cases), trauma due to masturbatory (2 cases), traffic accidents ( 1 case) and others ( l case).All patients received immediate surgical treatment; 14 out of 16 patients were followed up for a mean period of 3 months.Sexual function was recovered with satisfactory erection in 11 patients, 3 patients complained pain or uncomfortab]eness during erection.Sexual trauma was the main cause of penile fracture.Immediate intervention for penile fracture can achieve satisfactory early and late results.