Objective To investigate the death cause of malignant tumors among Inhabitants in Liwan district of Guangzhou city. Methods Mortality rate, standardized mortality rate,Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL), PYLLR, Standardized Potential Years of Life Lost (SPYLL) and SPYLLR were used to analyze the death cause of malignant tumors. Results The annual average mortality rate of malignant tumors was 198.81 / 105. Among malignant tumors, 1ung cancer taken the 1ead with a mortality rate of 63.08 / 105. The next sequences were as follows: liver cancer, intestine cancer, stomach cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer. The sequence of death causes was mostly influenced by gender and age. The sequences of PYLL rate of main death causes were: liver cancer (0.371%), 1ung cancer (0.353%), nasopharyngeal cancer(0.137%), intestine cancer(0.116%)and mammary cancer(0.090%). Conclusion The mortalities of malignant tumors in Liwan district of Guangzhou city decreased in the past five years while the rank of top 5 cancer sites kept unchanged.

Interleukin-15 is a multffunctional cytokine,which are the activating and induction factors of the T-cell,B-cell,NK-cell and lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK).It can stimulate hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation,enhance immunity and has anti-tumor effects.IL-15 and IL-2 have similar structures and functions,but many activating effects of IL-15 are stronger than the other's.IL-15 is closely related to tumor development,and has broad application prospects in biological therapy of cancer.

h specific measures of humanistic management from three aspects of the hospital service processes,making it clear the importance and significance of humanistic management in hospital service processes.

Using the experiences of domestic and other countries on rehabilitation nursing of patients with femoroacetabalar impingement for reference,a balanced rehabilitation procedure was designed and implemented on 16 patients underwent arthroscopic bone forming surgery in acetabulum and femoral head and neck junction.The patients could master the correct metheds of functional exercises.As a result,no postoperative complications occurred.The score of modified Harris hip rating was increased from 62.4 points before surgery to 92.5 points at six months after surgery.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of testosterone on motor neuron after sciatic nerve injury. MethodsTwelve adult C57 male mice were randomly divided into two groups: the sesame oil control group (n= 6) and the testosterone experimental group (n= 6). Unilateral sciatic nerve cutting severed as the animal model. Following operation, sesame oil or testosterone was administered for the control and experimental animals respectively via subcutaneous injection every other day for two weeks. The number and soma area of the anterior horn motor neurons in the lumbosacral cord of the sciatic nerve injury side were then measured on Nissl stained sections. Results In the testosterone group the motor neurons appeared healthier than that in the sesame control group. The neurons were plumper and showed more processes. Their number and average soma size were significantly larger than that in the sesame control (P<0.01). Conclusion The findings demonstrate that testosterone has a significant protective effect on sciatic nerve motor neurons after nerve injury.

Objective To compare the influence of aging on apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related protein in adult and aged male Wistar rat hearts after acute coronary artery occlusion. Methods The acute myocardial infarction rat model was established by left anterior descending(LAD)occlusion.A total of 115 adult and aged rats,aged 6-24 months,were included in the study.The rats were divided into 4 groups:aged model group,aged control group,adult model group and adult control group.Animals were killed 1,3,5 hours,1 and 7 days after coronary occlusion.Hemodynamic parameters[heart rate(HR),left ventricular systolic pressure(LUSP),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP),±dp/dtmax)]were obtained from each group at every time points.The apoptosis and necrosis of myocardium were detected with TUNEL way and TTC stain.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed with immumohistochemical stain. Results DNA fragmentation occured 1 hour after coronary occlusion and apparently peaked earlier in the aged than in the adult rat hearts.At 3 hour,the apoptotic index of aged model group was obviousily higher than that in adult model group[(51.90±23.15)%us.(18.67±17.15)%,P<0.01].The basal levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were higher in the aged than in the adult rat hearts.The expression of Bcl-2 in aged model group and adult model group were 2.7±0.9 and 1.8±0.8,P<0.05.The expression of Bax in aged model group and adult model group were 6.2±2.9 and 4.2±1.5,P<0.05. Conclusions The ability of aged rats to resist ischemia is poor,aging may alter the expressions of Bcl-2 and/or Bax,increase cardiomyocyte apoptosis,thereby,enhance the myocardial dysfunction during acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To select the optimum conditions of Echinococcosis ELISA kit and kit preparation by using orthogonal experiments,then to test their detection performance.Methods Taking the absorbance of the samples as the indicator,orthogonal experiments of three factors four levels were taken to optimize the conditions of hydatid disease detection ELISA kit.Through L16 (43)orthogonal experiments,the concentration of the antigen(A),the dilution multiple of the sample (B) and the dilution multiple of the enzyme labeled antigen (C) were studied.The specimen were provided by The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University specimen library collected between March 2011 and June 2013,including 36 sera confirmed alveolar Echinococcus by the gold standard,56 sera confirmed Echinococcus granulosus disease by the gold standard and 72 sera as the control group(including healthy people,cirrhosis,hepatitis,etc).Detecting sensitivity and specificity were compared using F test for statistical analysis.Results Orthogonal design showed the size proportion of three factors of echinococcosis ELISA kit:antibody dilution ＞ sample dilution ＞ antigen coating concentration.The optimal preparation conditions were A1 B2 C4,that was,the concentration of antigen was 1 mg/L,sample dilution of 1∶ 100,dilution of secondary antibody of 1∶160 000.Through the 3-factor and 4-level orthogonal design using F-test analysis,the fact of the concentration of the kit antigen(A),F =1.181,P =0.393; the fact of the dilution multiple of the sample (B),F =2.544,P =0.152,the fact of enzyme labeled antigen dilution (C) F =2.544,P =0.039.The sensitivity of the kit to Echinococcus granulosus disease and alveolar Echinococcus were 83％ (30/36),and 91％ (51/56),respectively; the specificity was 91％ (29/32) and 83％ (33/40); the misdiagnosis rate of 17％ (6/36) and 9％ (5/56) ; the misdiagnosis rate 9％ (3/32) and 18％ (7/40) ; positive likelihood ratio 8.86％ (83/9) and 5.20％ (91/18) ; negative likelihood ratio of 0.18％ (17/91) and 0.11％ (9/83).Conclusion Orthogonal design is a good method that can find out optimal conditions of preparation for Echinococcosis ELISA kit and improve the test performance.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for curriculum setting for postgraduates majoring in Science of Chinese materia medica. METHODS:The curriculum setting for postgraduates majoring in Science of Chinese materia medica was comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of the regional differences and unique differences of curriculum setting and correlation of curriculum set-ting combined with professional interest of students,actual needs of the professional field and relevant circumstances of industry de-velopment. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The curriculum setting exists regional differences and unique differences. It should show positive correlation with professional interest of students,actual needs of the professional field and relevant circumstances of industry development. It needs further exploration and improvement in the construction of curriculum to make it more scientific and systematic,and the curriculum contents should be able to match the training mechanism and pattern for the cultivation of postgradu-ates .

Objective To determine the ELISA cut‐off value for the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis by applying ROC curve . Methods 34 cases of alveolar echinococcosis specimens confirmed by the gold standard were selected and detected by ELISA .The diagnostic cut‐off value was determined by ROC curve ,and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated according to the cut‐off value .Results When the cut‐off value was 0 .44 ,the ROC curve had the largest area under the curve (AUC) accounting of 0 .995 , and the sensitivity and specificity w ere 97 .06% and 97 .06% respectively .Conclusion T he ROC curve is the best w ay to determine the cut‐off value of ELISA .

Objective:To elucidate the signal transduction mechanism of the modulation of immune cells by estrogen,the effect of 17?-estradiol(E2)on the production of nitric oxide (NO)from spleen mononuclear cells(MNC)of rats and the expression of inductible NO synthase(iNOS) in estrogen receptor(ER) knockout mice were examined.Methods:Culture of the spleen MNC from normal,Freund's incomplete adjuvant(FIA)or myelin basic protein(MBP) immunized Lewis rats.Detection NO production in the supernatant of culture was determined by Griess reagent.The expression of iNOS in spleen sections were observed by immunofluorescence staining.Results:①E2 dose-dependently induce NO production in spleen MNC from normal rats,MNC from FIA or MBP immunized rats manifest in the same manner.iNOS INHIBITOR l-NAME or MAPK blocker could suppress the induction.②In vivo E2 enhanced iNOS expression in wild type mice(WT),but had no effect in ER ? knockout mice(EPKO).ER? knockout mice(BERKO)appear the same with wt.Conclusion:E2 could modulate the immune system via induction of NO,which involves both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms.