BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cell is a minority population of cancer cells in multiple myeloma possessing the properties of stem cells: self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation and long-term proliferation, which mediating disease initiation, relapse, progression and drug resistance. OBJECTIVE: To review characteristics of biology, phenotypic analyses, sorting and identification in clonogenic myeloma cells, the signaling pathways with in myeloma stem cells and the target therapy related. METHODS: Application of computer search Medline database (1999-01/2009-04), using "multiple myeloma stem cells, heterogeneity, phenotypic analysis, signaling pathways, target therapy" as key words ;application of computer search CNKI database (1999-01/2009-04) and CBM Database (1999-01/2009-04) using "multiple myeloma stem cells, heterogeneity, stem cell separation and identification, signal transduction, targeted therapy as key words" . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We collected for 126 literatures on the multiple myeloma stem cell-related, which include 30 Chinese articles and 96 English articles, excluding published earlier, repeated, and similar studies into 30 sub-standard literatures. Now widely recognized that multiple myeloma stem cells may be derived from normal stem cells, the accumulation of mutations and by gene mutation in regaining self-renewal capacity of progenitor cells or fully differentiated mature cells. Circulating clonotypic memory B-cell populations have self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential, which represent the cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma. The exact phenotype of multiple myeloma cancer stem cells has not been definitively established and researched remains. At present, both the side population cells and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assays were mainly capable of isolating multiple myeloma cancer stem cells. Which to possess self-renewal ability by Hedgehog ,Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. When these signal transduction pathways appear abnormal, leading to the occurrence of the tumor and tumor cell growth in non-controlled. Against the cancer stem cell targeted therapy is a new and important direction of selective therapeutic strategies. Cancer stem cell specific surface markers and signal transduction pathways can be used as anti-cancer stem cells to control tumor development targets.

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cell is a minority population of cancer cells in multiple myeloma possessing the properties of stem cells: self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation and long-term proliferation, which mediating disease initiation, relapse, progression and drug resistance.OBJECTIVE: To review characteristics of biology, phenotypic analyses, sorting and identification in clonogenic myeloma cells, the signaling pathways with in myeloma stem cells and the target therapy related.METHODS: Application of computer search Medline database (1999-01/2009-04), using "multiple myeloma stem cells, heterogeneity, phenotypic analysis, signaling pathways, target therapy" as key words; application of computer search CNKI database (1999-01/2009-04) and CBM Database (1999-01/2009-04) using "multiple myeloma stem cells, heterogeneity, stem cell separation and identification, signal transduction, targeted therapy as key words".RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We collected for 126 literatures on the multiple myeloma stem cell-related, which include 30 Chinese articles and 96 English articles, excluding published earlier, repeated, and similar studies into 30 sub-standard literatures. Now widely recognized that multiple myeloma stem cells may be derived from normal stem cells, the accumulation of mutations and by gene mutation in regaining self-renewal capacity of progenitor cells or fully differentiated mature cells. Circulating clonotypic memory B-cell populations have self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential, which represent the cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma. The exact phenotype of multiple myeloma cancer stem cells has not been definitively established and researched remains. At present, both the side population cells and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assays were mainly capable of isolating multiple myeloma cancer stem cells. Which to possess self-renewal ability by Hedgehog ,Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. When these signal transduction pathways appear abnormal, leading to the occurrence of the tumor and tumor cell growth in non-controlled. Against the cancer stem cell targeted therapy is a new and important direction of selective therapeutic strategies. Cancer stem cell specific surface markers and signal transduction pathways can be used as anti-cancer stem cells to control tumor development targets.

Objective To explore the radar map in the department of, analysis of different quality control methods on the impact of nursing writing quality. Methods All medical records in August 2014 to January 2015 were analysed according to nursing group and nurse individual quality control approach. Results Temperature chart error rates were 63.43%(137/216) in the group quality control group and 29.31%(68/232) in the personal quality control group, which was statistical significance between the group quality and personal quality control (χ2= 18.581, P<0.01). Grouping radar map displayed comprehensive evaluation error rate was: group quality 2.987 1 > personal 2.985 6. Conclusions Personal quality has significant advantages in reducing error rate about the indicator temperature, especially in temperature chart, the doctor′s advice, orders and overall quality control effect is better.

Objective To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and the changes of serum adiponectin (APN) level in elderly men.Methods A total of 240 elderly men was enrolled in this study.Measurement of BMD of lumbar spine with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed.All subjects were divided into three groups (normal,osteopenia,and osteoporosis) according to the T value of BMD.Serum APN level was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),meanwhile were recorded as bone lurnover markers.Results (1) The level of serum APN in osteopenia group was lower than in normal group,the level of serum APN in osteoporosis group was significantly lower than in osteopenia group,while the level of serum APN in osteoporosis group was significantly lower than in normal group (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) Serum APN was positively correlated with T value of BMD (r =0.475,P ＜0.01).(3) The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed serum APN,25-hydroxyvitamin D,β-isomerized carboxyterminal propeptide (β-CTX),and osteocalcin could enter into the equation.Conclusions Serum APN might play an important role in pathogenesis of osteoporosis in elderly men.

Objective: To study the effect of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway on the openness degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)in the aged model rats of myocardial ischemic preconditioning (IPC),and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:Thirty-five Wistar Wistar rats (aged 21-23 months)were randomly divided into ischemia reperfusion (I/R)group,I/R+Wort (Wortmannin,inhibitor of PI3K)group,IPC group and IPC+ Wort group (n=7).The models of I/R and IPC were established and 0.6 mg·kg-1 Wort were injected to the caudal veins of the rats in Wort group before reperfusion. After 120 min reperfusion, the myocardium tissue protein was extracted, and the Akt and p-Akt protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting method.The myocardial mitochondrial of rats was separated through differential centrifugation, and the superoxide level, SOD level and openness degrees of mPTP were determined by microplate reader. Results:Compared with I/R group (0.288±0.071),the expression level of p-Akt protein in myocardium tissue of the rats in IPC group (0.346±0.051)was increased (P <0.05),and the expression level of p-Akt im myocardium tissue of the rats in I/R+ Wort group (0.044 ± 0.010)was decreased (P < 0.01).Compared with I/R group (0.216± 0.024),the superoxide level in mitochondrial of the rats in IPC group (0.187 ± 0.022)was decreased (P <0.05),and the superoxide level in mitochondrial in I/R + Wort group (0.218 ± 0.029)had no significant change (P >0.05).Compared with I/R group (1.15±0.15),the SOD activity in mitochondrial of the rats in IPC group (1.39±0.14)was increased (P <0.05),and the SOD activity in mitochondrial of the rats in I/R+ Wort group (1.17±0.21)had no significant change (P >0.05).Compared with I/R group,the mPTP openness degree in IPC group was decreased (P <0.05)during 6 to 2 min,however the openness degree in I/R+Wort group had no significant change (P > 0.05).Compared with IPC group,the mPTP openness degree in IPC+ Wort group was increased (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The IPC of aged rats can inhibit the openness of mitochondrial permeability transition pore through activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the value of the combined test of five tumor markers for gastric cancer diagnosis.Methods The electrochemical luminescence analyzer was used to measure the serum concentrations of CEA,CA125,CA199,CA724 and AFP in 127 gastric patients and 186 controls,and calculated the sensitivity and specificity.Results The concentrations of CEA (52.9 ±25.5)ng/mL,CA125 (54.2 ±40.6)U /mL,CA199 (42.4 ± 28.8)U /mL,CA724 (9.3 ±6.6)U /mL and AFP (22.6 ±11.4)ng/mL in the gastric cancer group were significantly higher than those in the controls,and the differences were statistically significant (t =6.006,7.118,6.033,6.683, 5.362,all P <0.05 ).The sensitivity in gastric cancer diagnosis with the combined test of five tumor markers (88.2%)was higher than the test of CEA (63.8%),CA125 (59.1%),CA199 (41.7%),CA724 (37.0%)and AFP (46.5%)alone,and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =20.733,27.754,60.209,71.046, 50.270,all P <0.05).Moreover,the specificity in gastric cancer diagnosis with the combined test of five tumor markers (90.3%)was higher than the test of CA125 (79.3%),while lower than the test of CA724 (97.3%),and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =9.137,7.832,all P <0.05).Conclusion The combined test of five tumor markers (CEA,CA125,CA199,CA724 and AFP)could increase the rate of gastric cancer diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of diet for infants in relatively poor counties in different cities of Yunnan and to provide a reference for carrying out educational consultation in the future by comparing and analyzing the data of infant diet in those areas.Methods Based on the GDP and habits of diet,the characteristics of infants' diet was investigated and analyzed in four counties including Yiliang in Zhaotong,Jianchuan in Dali,Lushui in Nujiang,and Mojiang in Puer,with low income and different habits of diet.Results No difference was found among people who fed the infants in terms of sex,age groups,feeding relationship and degree of education except for one fact that the feeding rate of parents in Jianchuan county was lower than that in Yiliang county.Based on the standard intake of nutrient in Chinese people,the intake of infant protein in 6-12 months achieved Chinese standard in four counties.Energy,fat and carbohydrates were lower than the standard (P＜O.05).Apart from the fact that energy,protein,fat and carbohydrates were lower in Yiliang county,no significant difference was found among four counties.The intake of protein and carbohydrates for infants in 13-24 months achieved Chinese standard in the four counties,but energy and fat were lower than the standard.The carbohydrates of infants in 6-24 months was normal and the fat was lower compared with acceptable macro nutrient distribution ranges.The intake of carbohydrates,fat and protein were similar among four counties.Conclusion The diet composition and the nutrient condition for infants are poor in four counties.Health education of nutrition for infants is needed in those areas.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the technical system that is suitable for protein extracting in Angelicae sinensis seed and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE),and provide technical support for detecting the protein quality and variety purity. METHODS:Using protein content and number of electrophoretic bands as indexes,8 methods,includ-ing voncentrated gel method,salt-soluble protein method,electrode buffer method,dimercaptosyl alcohol (DTT) method,urea method,mercaptoethanol method,trimethylolaminomethane (Tris) method,and acetone precipitation method,were conducted to extract the protein in A. sinensis seed and screen the optimal extraction method. Then based on optimal extraction method,effects of different materials-lipid ratios,sample dilution times(sample volume)and separate gel concentration on SDS-PAGE were investi-gated. RESULTS:Mercaptoethanol method extracted the highest protein contents(29.931 mg/g),with many electrophoretic bands and clear background. When mercaptoethanol method was used as optimal extraction method,electrophoresis effects were the best in the conditions of materials-lipid ratio of 1:10,sample volume of 5 times,separate gel concentration of 15%,which obtained 18 bands totally. CONCLUSIONS:Established protein extraction method and SDS-PAGE technical system are suitable for detecting the purity of A. sinensis seed.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the status quo of medication compliances and problems in the medication of patients with tuberculosis so as to direct their use of drugs.METHODS:Information on medication compliances of tuberculosis patients who experienced regular physical examinations was investigated by interview and questionnaires,and which were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Of the562cases investigated,54%followed or almost followed medication directions;46%failed to follow normal drug therapy for different reasons.CONCLUSION:The pharmacists should do their utmost to expand the range of pharmaceutical care so as to improve patients'medication compliances.

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression system for expressing the phosphatase-encoding gene phpP in StkP/PhpP signaling couple in Streptococcus pneumonia ( S.pneumoniae) strains, and to further understand the phosphatase activity of the recombinant protein rPhpP.Methods The entire phpP gene of S.pneumoniae strain ATCC6306 was amplified by PCR.The PCR products were sequenced.A prokaryotic ex-pression system for expressing the phpP gene was constructed by the genetic engineering technique.The ex-pressed protein rPhpP and the solubility of rPhpP were assessed by SDS-PAGE and gel image analyzer.Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed to purify rPhpP.The changes of phpP gene transcription after the treat-ment with sublethal dosages of penicillin and cefotaxime were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR.The functional domain in the sequence of the phpP gene and its type was analyzed by bioinformatic softwares.The activity of rPhpP in hydrolyzing the substrate of PP2C phosphotase was measured with Serine/Threonine Phosphotase Assay Kit.The enzyme kinetic parameters of rPhpP were calculated.Results The se-quence of the cloned phpP gene was identical with that reported in GenBank.The rPhpP in soluble form was ex-pressed in the constructed prokaryotic expression system.An increased expression of phpP gene at mRNA level was induced by sublethal dosage of penicillin or cefotaxime.The domain of PP2Cc type phosphatase was detec-ted in the sequence of phpP gene.The purified rPhpP protein could hydrolyze phosphopeptides [ RRA ( pT) VA], a substrate of PP2C type phosphatase, in a dose-dependent manner with Km and Kcat values of 277.35μmol/L and 0.71 S-1 ,respectively.Conclusion The protein encoded by phpP gene of S.pneumoniae was a PP2C type phosphatase.The expression of phpP gene could be enhanced by sublethal dosage of penicillin or ce-fotaxime.