The recent investigations have demonstrated that epigenetic such as DNA methylation and histone modification was closely associated with cell growth and malignant tumors, and epigenetic modification was responsible for an important cause of oncogenesis. However, for the recent years some observations have been also shown that the development of tumorigenesis was attributed to transformation expression in microRNA. The latest investigations have revealed that epigenetic was involved in modulation of microRNA expression, on the contrary some kinds of microRNAs could also control epigenetic, moreover, the reciprocal modulation between microRNA and epigenetic could regulate gene expression and induce tumorigenesis. At the same time the data likewise displayed that epigenetic adjusted microRNA expression principally in a way of DNA methylation or histone modification, nevertheless microRNA regulated epigenetic by way of methyltransferases expression, DNA methylation maintenance and histone modification. With regard to the reciprocal modulation between microRNA and epigenetic, a comprehensive and systemic review of reciprocal relationship in modulation of cell growth and oncogenesis was gived.

ObjectiveTo explore the video-urodynamic characteristics of neurogenic bladder caused by suprapontine neuropathy.Methods65 patients with neurogenic bladder caused by suprapontine neuropathy were involved from February 2004 to May 2009. The data were analyzed retrospectively, including clinical manifestation, diagnosis, voiding management, ultrasound, uroflow, post void residual, filling cystometry, pressure-flow study and the radiology. The results were compared with those of the suprasacral spinal cord injury.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the urodynamic parameters between various kinds of suprapontine neuropathy. Compared with suprasacral spinal cord injury, suprapontine neuropathy had less detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, less reflux and upper urinary tract dilation but more normal micturiton reflex.ConclusionThe main video-urodynamic characteristic of neurogenic bladder caused by suprapontine neuropathy is detrusor overactivity, and the detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, reflux and upper urinary tract dilation are rare.

50%;failure,defined as no remission or no deterioration of symptoms;and overall response rate, defined as cure plus improvement. Results The overall response rate was 98% (45/46), and the complete cure rate was 87% (40/46).The mean operative time in patients undergoing bladder neck suspension [(66.7?9.8)min] was significantly longer than those undergoing mid-urethral suspension [(35.1?12.1)min] (P0.005).Shortly after operation,5 cases of bladder neck suspension (28%) and 3 cases of mid-urethral suspension (11%) had urine retention (P

D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) is demonstrated to be useful in the bioproduction of D-psicose, a rare hexose sugar, from D-fructose, found plenty in nature. Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 has recently been identified as a DPEase that can epimerize D-fructose to yield D-psicose with a much higher conversion rate when compared with the conventionally used DTEase. In this study, the crystal structure of the C. cellulolyticum DPEase was determined. The enzyme assembles into a tetramer and each subunit shows a (β/α)(8) TIM barrel fold with a Mn(2+) metal ion in the active site. Additional crystal structures of the enzyme in complex with substrates/products (D-psicose, D-fructose, D-tagatose and D-sorbose) were also determined. From the complex structures of C. cellulolyticum DPEase with D-psicose and D-fructose, the enzyme has much more interactions with D-psicose than D-fructose by forming more hydrogen bonds between the substrate and the active site residues. Accordingly, based on these ketohexose-bound complex structures, a C3-O3 proton-exchange mechanism for the conversion between D-psicose and D-fructose is proposed here. These results provide a clear idea for the deprotonation/protonation roles of E150 and E244 in catalysis.
Binding Sites ; Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Clostridium cellulolyticum ; enzymology ; Hexoses ; chemistry ; Manganese ; chemistry ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Racemases and Epimerases ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Substrate Specificity

Objective:To observe the effect of selenium supplementation on 10-year survival rate of chronic Keshan disease (KD).Methods:The 10-year follow-up data of 302 patients with chronic KD at the KD surveillance sites in Shaanxi Province were collected from the Shaanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Research and Xi'an Jiaotong University, 170 (56.3%) cases were given selenium supplementation (oral administration of sodium selenite tablet, once a week, 1 mg/time) until the end point of follow-up as selenium supplementation group, and the rest (132 cases) were non-selenium supplementation group. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the independent predictors for 10-year survival rate of chronic KD. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the 10-year survival rate of patients with chronic KD during the follow-up period and the Log-rank test was used to compare the 10-year survival rate between groups.Results:The follow-up deadline was October 2019. During the follow-up period, a total of 199 patients (199/302, 65.9%) of chronic KD died, including 101 patients (101/170, 59.4%) in the selenium supplementation group and 98 patients (98/132, 74.2%) in the non-selenium supplementation group. In COX proportional hazards model, after adjustment for other baseline characteristics [age, sex, body mass index (BMI), family history of KD, smoking, blood pressure, heart rate, ECG abnormalities, initial cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and blood selenium content], selenium supplementation and combined use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor + β receptor blocker (ACEI + BBs) were protective factors for 10-year survival in patients with chronic KD (selenium supplementation: HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.53; ACEI + BBs: HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39 - 0.84). The 10-year survival rate of chronic KD patients after selenium supplementation was significantly higher than that of non-selenium supplementation group (Log-rank test, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Selenium supplementation and combined use of ACEI + BBs in chronic KD patients, are associated with better survival during the 10-year follow-up.

Self-organized blastoids from extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells possess enormous potential for investigating postimplantation embryo development and related diseases. However, the limited ability of postimplantation development of EPS-blastoids hinders its further application. In this study, single-cell transcriptomic analysis indicated that the "trophectoderm (TE)-like structure" of EPS-blastoids was primarily composed of primitive endoderm (PrE)-related cells instead of TE-related cells. We further identified PrE-like cells in EPS cell culture that contribute to the blastoid formation with TE-like structure. Inhibition of PrE cell differentiation by inhibiting MEK signaling or knockout of Gata6 in EPS cells markedly suppressed EPS-blastoid formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that blastocyst-like structures reconstituted by combining the EPS-derived bilineage embryo-like structure (BLES) with either tetraploid embryos or tetraploid TE cells could implant normally and develop into live fetuses. In summary, our study reveals that TE improvement is critical for constructing a functional embryo using stem cells in vitro.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Tetraploidy ; Blastocyst ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryonic Development