ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of nape acupuncture on post-stroke dysphagia by a meta-analysis.Method Domestic literature on clinical randomized controlled trials of nape acupuncture treatment of post-stroke dysphagia published from Jun. 2004 to Jun. 2014 were obtained by a computer search ofChina National Knowledge Internet(CNKI), Wanfang Data medical information system (WF), VIP information resource system (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) combined with a manual search of Jinan University library journal database. Literature inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to extract data and the qualities of the included studies were assessed using a Jadad rating scale. A meta-analysis was made using the software ReviewManager 5.2.ResultA total of 17 articles were included with 1158 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the total efficacy rate [OR=3.99, 95%CI(2.83, 5.63),P<0.00001] and the cure rate[OR=2.67, 95%CI(2.03, 3.53),P<0.00001] between the nape acupuncture and control groups.ConclusionNape acupuncture has clinically a good therapeutic effect on post-stroke dysphagia. Multi-center, large-sample and high-quality studies are still needed for validation because the qualities of the included articles are lower, which is one of the factors influencing the assessment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) on the spatial memory disorder induced by cerebral anoxia in mice and explore related mechanism.METHODS Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) 120 mg·kg-1 was sc given to mice for4 d in model group.Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) 1 mg·kg-1 was ip given and NaNO2 120 mg·kg-1 simultaneously was sc given to mice for4 d in NaHS group.All drugs were given to mice immediately after Morris water maze experiment every day and escape latency.The number of crossings over the target area (NCTA) and search time in target quadrant (STTQ) were recorded.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the brain was determined with colorimetry.The morphological alterations in hippocampus slices were assessed by microscope.RESULTSOn the third and fourth days in Morris water maze experiment,compared with ( 16.1 ±9.6)s and ( 11.1 ±6.2)s in normal control group,the escape latency in model group was longer,(26.0 ±7.3)s(P＜0.05) and (23.3 ±8.7)s(P＜0.01).On the fifth day,compared with 7.2 ± 1.6 and (28 ± 8) s in normal control group NCTA and STTQ in model group were 4.1 ± 1.9and (20 ± 8 ) s ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and they were obviously less.Compared with normal control group,SOD activity and M DA content of mice in model group were reduced by 12.6％ (P ＜ 0.01 ) and increased by 43.9％ (P ＜ 0.01 ),respectively.The neuron degenerative changes including karyopyknosis,dark cytoplasm and irregular pyramidal layer were observed in model group.On the third and fourth day,compared with model group,the escape latency in NaHS group was shorter,(17.9 ±7.0)s and (15.8 ±8.5)s (P＜0.05).Compared with model group,NCTA and STTQ in NaHS group increased to 6.7 ± 2.5 and ( 30 ± 9) s ( P ＜ 0.01 ).SOD activity and MDA content in NaHS group were increased by 8.9％ ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and reduced by 29.6％ ( P ＜ 0.01 ),respectively.Neuron degeneration was significantly attenuated in NaHS group (P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSIONNaHS can attenuate the spatial memory disorder induced by cerebral anoxia and the mechanism may be related to the antioxidation effect and alleviation of neuron damage of H2S.

Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system damage. The inflammatory response plays a critical role in the secondary injury of spinal cord injury. Inflammasomes which promote the processing, maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 by regulating the activation of caspase-1 consequentially trigger and aggravate the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury. Targeting upstream and downstream pathways of inflammasomes to interfere with inflammatory response can significantly promote functional repair after spinal cord injury. This review will focus on the inflammasome types, the mode of activation and the treatment strategies of inflammasomes after spinal cord injury, so as to provide reference for researches on inflammation and spinal injury repair.

Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity. However, cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol, plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8