BACKGROUND:It is necessary to carry out multiple operations to remove the scar in patients with large area of scar, and whether the scar tissue can be recycled has become the focus of the study. OBJECTIVE:To compare the tissue structure, biomechanical properties and biocompatibility of the acel ular dermal matrix of mature scar tissue and normal skin. METHODS:The acel ular dermal matrix was prepared from the human mature scar tissue and the normal skin around the scar. Subsequently, histological and scanning electron microscope observations were performed, and biomechanical properties were detected using universal tensile testing machine. Then, the acel ular dermal matrix from mature scar tissue and normal skin was co-cultured with fibroblasts for 10 days, respectively, and the cel growth curve was drawn. Additional y, the acel ular dermal matrix from mature scar tissue and normal skin was subcutaneously implanted into the dorsal tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively and histological observation was conducted at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were many gaps but no cel ular components in the acel ular dermal matrix, in both two groups. Col agen fibers of the acel ular dermal matrix derived from mature scar were looser than that of the normal skin, and arranged slightly irregularly;the biomechanical properties of the acel ular dermal matrix derived from mature scar were similar to that of the normal skin, which exhibited appropriate flexibility and strength. There was no significant difference in the growth state of the two kinds of acel ular dermal matrix, and the growth curve was basical y consistent. After 4 weeks of implantation, more inflammatory cel s infiltration could be found in the mature scar group, and in contrast, only a few inflammatory cel s infiltration appeared in the normal skin group, These inflammatory reactions disappeared with time in both two groups. Besides, col agen fibers arranged in neat, and smal vessels grew into the implants in both two groups. In conclusion, the tissue structure, biomechanical properties and biocompatibility of the acel ular dermal matrix derived from scar tissue are almost consistent with those of the human normal skin.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by a variety of causes resulting in rapid decline in renal function and manifestingclinical syndrome, whether mild or severe kidney damage it caused, the permanent loss of renal function will exist; the mortality of patients with septic AKI is as high as over 70%. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) can significantly improve the clinical prognosis of patients with AKI and reduce its mortality. However, the selections of RRT treatment mode, dose and timing of start or stop exist a lot of controversies. In this report, as using RRT to treat critically ill patients with AKI is still a hot topic in academic research, the related literatures of RRT guidelines, score evaluation, renal function indexes and biological marker aspects were reviewed and summarized.

Objective:To investigate the consumption situation and cognition of health care products in hospitalized patients, ana-lyze the problems in purchasing and use of health care products to provide evidence for the correct selection and rational use of health care products. Methods:The investigation and analysis was conducted with an anonymous questionnaire on awareness and consumption situation of health care products in hospitalized patients. Results:The survey received 129 valid questionnaires, and more than 1/3 re-spondents did not know the differences between health care products and medicines, and 27. 91％ of them treated diseases with health care products, 57. 36％ of them purchased health care products per month, and 96. 12％ of them thought the efficacy of health care products were inconsistent with the advertising efficacy. Conclusion:Patients cannot distinguish health care products from medicines, and lack of trust in the health care products market. Corresponding measures should be performed to help patients purchase and use of health care products and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

The root canals of 95 maxillary second primary molars were explored by 10#file combined with 17%EDTA.The canal orifice was observed and orientated by endoscope.Hand instruments were used for root canal preparation and screw conveyor was used to fill the ca-nal with Vitapex paste.MB2 was found in 14 of the 95 molars(14.7%).MB2 orifice was usually located mesially along MB-P.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between diet habits and constitution type of 8448adults from 9 provinces and municipalities of China.MethodsA total of 8448 participants from Jiangsu,Anhui,Gansu,Qinghai,Fujian,Beijing,Jilin,Jiangxi and Henan Province were enrolled in this study.The clinical information of constitution type,diet habits and demographic characteristics was collected.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between diet habits and constitution type.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that gentleness type and Qi-deficiency were correlated with sweet food ( OR =1.22,P ＜ 0.05 ). There was a significantly positive correlation between Yangdeficiency and hot food intake ( OR =2.89,P ＜ 0.05 ),as well as between Yin-deficiency and cold food intake ( OR =1.56,P ＜ 0.05).Phlegm-wetness was mainly caused by fatty food consumption ( OR =2.07,P ＜ 0.05 ).Barbecue food was positively correlated with Wet-heat type ( OR =1.64,P ＜ 0.05 ),Bloodstasis type ( OR =1.37,P ＜ 0.05 ),and Qi-depression type ( OR =1.35,P ＜ 0.05 ).Special diathesis type was related to dietary preference of sweet food ( OR =1.29,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionDifferent type of constitution may be related to specific lifestyle or diet habits,and diet habit might play a positive role in Gentleness type or health condition.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and long-term humoral response in children vaccinated against hepatitis B during infancy.MethodsA total of 293 children (6.08±0.59 years old) who received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to a 0-,1-,6-month schedule during infancy and were negative for HBsAg and/or anti-HBc,were enrolled.Of them,83children with anti-HBs ＜10 mIU/ml were considered as long-term poor responders ( group A),and 210 others with anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/ml were defined as long-term responders ( group B).A total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12B,and IL-13 were detected with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsThe allele frequencies of -33T,-589T,and 2979T in IL-4 gene in group A were 86.1%,86.1% and 90.4%,respectively,higher than those in group B (76.0%,76.9%,and 83.3%,respectively,all P＜0.05).In IL-4 gene,frequencies of TT genotype at position -33 and -589 in group A were 74.7% and 75.9% respectively,higher than those in group B (57.1% and 59.0% respectively,both P＜0.01 ),while the frequencies of CT at position -33 and -589 in group A was 22.9% and 20.5% respectively,lower than those in group B (37.6% and 35.7% respectively,both P＜0.05).The genotype distributions of IL-4 2979 and the allele or genotype distributions of 8 other SNPs showed no significant differences between group A and group B.ConclusionPolymorphisms at position -33,-589,and 2979 in IL-4 gene are associated with the long-term humoral response in children vaccinated against hepatitis B during infancy.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing radiosensitivity enhancement by irisquinone (IR) on rabbit xenografted VX2 lung tumor models.Methods Twenty-four tumor-beating rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (8 rabbits/group):group A with radiotherapy alone,group B with combined radiotherapy and IR,and group C without radiotherapy (the control group).18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed before radiotherapy and 24 h and one week after radiotherapy.The tumor SUVmax on delayed imaging was calculated in all rabbits.Two rabbits in each group were sacrificed after PET/CT imaging.HE staining was used to assess the differences in cancer cells among groups.Paired t test,one-way analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to analyze the data using SPSS 13.0.Results Before radiotherapy,the tumor SUVmax of all the 24 rabbits on standard and delayed imaging were 2.200 ± 0.761 and 3.162 ± 0.833 (t =-5.582,P ＜ 0.01).At 24 h post-radiotherapy,the delayed SUVmax of groups A,B and C were 2.614 ± 0.654,2.349 ± 0.869 and 5.663 ± 1.144,respectively.The differences between pre-radiotherapy and 24 h post-radiotherapy were statistically significant in all three groups (t =2.527,3.620,11.011,all P ＜0.05).One week after radiotherapy,the delayed SUVmax of groups A,B and C were 3.625 ± 1.064,3.058 ±0.850 and 7.424 ± 1.751,respectively.The differences among groups A,B and C were statistically significant (tA∶ B =2.652,tA∶C =3.799,tB∶C =4.366,all P ＜0.05).The cancer cells of group B were fewer than those of groups A and C by pathological findings,which was consistent with 18F-FDG PET/CT results.The survival times of groups A,B and C were (62.375 ±4.534),(69.000 ±4.660) and (54.125 ±5.276) d,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed better survival of group B as compared to groups A and C,respectively (Log-rank,x2 =7.355,16.943,both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT is able to evaluate the effect of irisquinone on tumor radiosensitivity enhancement.

Accurate placement of pedicle screws is a key factor of spinal surgery. Investigation of a new real-time intra-operative monitoring method is an important area of clinical application research which makes a contribution to planting pedicle screw accurately. Porcine spines were chosen as experimental objects. The changes of reduced scattering coefficient (μ'(s)) along normal puncture path, medial perforation path and lateral perforation path were measured and studied. A conclusion is drawn that there are two distinct peaks throughout the puncture process, appearing at the junction of cancellous bone and cortical bone, at the beginning and at the end, respectively. The reduced scattering coefficient is proved to be a good monitoring factor which can identify whether the screw is about to reach the critical position of the spine puncture. Moreover, the variation provides an important reference for spinal surgical navigation process.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Bone Screws ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Punctures ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Spine ; surgery ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Swine

Objective To investigate the effect of autophagy on histone-mediated apoptosis of human proximal tubular endothelial cells(HK-2).Methods To investigate the effect of histones on the autophagy and apoptosis,HK-2 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of histones.The rate of apoptosis and the expressions of autophagy-related protien LC3Ⅱ and Beclin1 in HK-2 cells were detected by using flow cytometry and immunoblotting assay,respectively.To further confirm the effect of autophagy on apoptosis of HK-2 cells,cells were incubated with histones after one hour pretreatment with 10 mmol/L 3-MA,a pharmacological inhibitor.The rate of apoptosis and the activity of caspase-3 of HK-2 cells were detected separately by using flow cytometry and immunoblotting assay.Results Histones significantly enhanced apoptosis of HK-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner,with the increased expressions of LC3Ⅱ and Beclin1.Blockage of autophagy by 3-MA significantly increased the apoptosis of HK-2 cells and the activity of caspase3.Conclusion Autophagy in proximal tubules protects against apoptosis induced by histones,with potential value in acute kidney injury (AKI).

Objective To clone and express a membrane protein(Tetraspanin 2) gene of Schistosoma japonicum (SjTsp2). Methods A pair of primers was designed to amplify the SjTsp2 gene which was subcloned into prokaryotic plasmid pET28a(+). The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21(D3) and followed by expression of the protein induced by IPTG. The protein was purified by affinity chromatography and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Dilution of antibody against SjTsp2 was determined by ELISA. The protein was also identified by Western blotting. Results Big loop of SjTsp2-A, 228 bp, was amplified in vitro by PCR. Its deduced amino sequence shared 52% similarity with SmTsp2. The soluble recombinant SjTsp2-A was expressed in the experiment and high dilution antibody against the recombinant (1 ∶ 32 000 in maximum) was produced in immunized mice. SjTsp2-A reacted positively with sera of acute and chronic schistosomiasis patients but not with sera from healthy persons by Western blotting. Conclusion SjTsp2 has been expressed and shows certain antigenicity.