Objective To study the advantages and disadvantages of the application of complete endoscopic and endoscope assisted small incision in thyroid surgery. Methods From September 2010 to September 2013,279 patients with thyroid diseases in our hospital were selected as the research object. Among them,239 cases of thyroid surgery were grouped according to the surgical method,the complete endo-scopic group with 95 cases,endoscope assisted small incision surgery group with 144 cases. The other 40 cases of parathyroid surgery were grouped according to the surgical method,the complete endoscopic group with 5 cases,endoscope assisted small incision group with 35 cases. The results and indicators related to the surgery with the complete endoscopic and endoscope assisted small incision for the thyroid disease and parathyroid gland were compared. Results About thyroid disease,the proportion of women in the complete endoscopic group,the adeno-ma or unilateral gland leaf proportion,thyroid volume,the tumor nodules longest diameter,adenoma or glandular lobe resection time,double leaf full cut or full cutting time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly higher than that of endoscope assisted small incision group,and the age,double leaf time full cut or full cut rate were significantly lower than that of endoscope assisted small incision group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). About thyroid disease,proportion of chest discomfort,VAS pain score,length of hospital stay and postoperative cosmetic effect of satisfaction scores in complete endoscopic group were significantly higher than that of endoscopy assisted small incision group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). About parathyroid disease,the age of patients in the complete endo-scopic group was significantly lower than that in endoscopy assisted small incision group,but the operation time and hospital stay were signifi-cantly higher than that of endoscopy assisted small incision group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion The thyroid surgery with complete endoscopic and endoscopy assisted small incision has certain advantages and disadvantages,which should be considered for patients demands,so as to make the best operation program.