T-cell immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)is important for prevention of virus infections and disease relapse. How to modify the conditioning regimen and the graft composition to promote immune recovery post HSCT was one of the key issue of transplant immunology from 2011 ASH annual meeting.In this review,advance knowledge concerning the T-cell immune reconstitution post HSCT is summarized.

Cellular immunodeficiency is an important factor related to relapse of hematological malignancy post stem cell transplantation. On the other hand, allogeneic stem cell transplantation can be considered the adoptive immunotherapy, which can overcome the host immunodeficiency and promote graftversus-tumor (GVT) effect for elimination of minimal residual disease and prevention of relapse. How to optimize the GVT induction is required to be defined more clearly. In this review, advance knowledge concerning the optimized and clinical setting of GVT induction from 2011 ASH annual meeting is summarized.

T cells redirected to specific antigen targets with engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are emerging as powerful therapies in hematologic malignancies.Various CAR designs,manufacturing processes,and study populations,among other variables,have been studied and reported in clinical trials.The accumulating data supporting CAR-T cells therapy for disease such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) highlight what may well become the next sea change in the care of patients with all types of hematologic neoplasia.The scientific symposium on CAR-T cells therapy inspires the mounting enthusiasm regarding this new treatment strategy.Here,the results of the reported clinical trials and the outlook for CAR-T cells therapies were reviewed and discussed.Many questions remain in the field of CAR-T cells directed to hematologic malignancies,but the encouraging response rates pave a wide road for future investigation.

Elf-1 (E74-like factor 1) is a member of Ets transcription factor family,which participated in physiological and pathological process of cells proliferation,differentiation and tumorigenesis. In this review,we summarize that Elf-1 is related to T cell differentiation and development,tumor and autoimmune disease.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) represents a potentially curative treatment modality in a range of hematologic malignancies and autoimmune disease. Immune reconstitution is a major factor to evaluate the outcome of transplantation.As markers for recent thymic output function,T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) have been widely applied to evaluate thymie output function in normal individuals or in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, hematologic malignancies,HIV infection or autoinunune disease.

In recent years,cellular immune therapy represented by antigen-chimeric receptor T cells (CAR-T) has made a great breakthrough in the treatment of hematological malignancies.T memory stem cells (TSCM) and central memory T cells (TCM) can be used as most powerful carrier for T cell immunotherapy,however,how to regulate their differentiation in vitro and in vivo as well as how to construct a strong treatment system while without potential side effect become quite interesting.This article summarized the studies from the 58th America Society of Hematology Annual Meeting regarding to values and associated research progress about TsCM and TCM in hematological malignancies.

0.2mM Cytidine 3', 5'-monophosphate (3', 5'-cCMP) inhibits not only the IL-2 production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but also the expression of IL-2 receptors. The inhibitory rate on expression of IL-2 receptors is 28.9+1.9%. The proliferation of CTLL-2 cells can be stimulated by 3', 5'-cCMP in concentration from 0.00625mM to 0.2mM when the presence of IL-2 is sufficient. The stimulative effect in low concentration of 3', 5'-cCMP is more obvious than that in high concentration.

Effect of supernatant from bronchial carcinoma tissue, normal lung tissueand sera from patients with bronchial carcinoma on colony forming unit-T lymphocyte(CFU-TL) of patients themselves were surveyed. Fourteen blood bank donors were takenas normal control. The results showed that the mean value of growth rate of CFU-TLbefore discharging tumor load was 160.73?124.02/10~5 (X?SD). It was lower than that,(306.53?79.86/10~5) after discharging tumor load and (397.81?133.89/10~5) of normalcontrol (P

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) represented by anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibodies has made great progress in the treatment of solid tumors. Recently, ICI has been gradually used in hematological malignancies, and many clinical trials have shown that it could bring better therapeutic efficacies and significantly improve the prognosis of patients with hematological malignancies. This article reviews the research progress of ICI in hematological malignancies combined with the clinical studies from the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.

How to improve the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) is one of the key points for manufacture and application of CAR-T. In this review, the studies from the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting regarding to the strategies for optimal CAR-T activity were summarized, including pathway inhibitors, enhancement antigen expression of target cells, optimization of conditioning chemotherapy, as well as the novel technology for CAR-T generation.