Objective To analyse the possible reasons of early hydrocephalus after surgery for posterior cranial fossa tumors,and put forward the preventive messures against this complication.Methods Clinical data of 18 cases of early hydrocephalus after surgery for posterior cranial fossa tumors were analysed retrospectively.Results All the patients were in good state within 24 hours after surgery,but a series of symptoms,such as disturbance of consciousness,headache and vomiting,occurred.CT scanning showed hydrocephalus.After the comprehensive treatment including ventricular duainage,16 patients were healed.2 cases died.Conclusions Post-operative cerebellar edema,intracranial hematoma or hydrops,residual tumor,might be the possible cause of this disease.Preventive messures against this complication might include protecting brain tissues during operations,hemostasis and comprehensive treatment after operations.

Objective To study the changes of reactive astrocytosis after heat shock protein 70 (HSPT0) was blocked by anti-HSP70 antibody. Methods We established cell model of scratch inju-ries by in situ culture and prurification of rat astrocytcs. Anti-HSP70 antibody was added into the nutrient medium at once after injury for intervention (intervention group). Then, immunocytochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was done at different time points in control group and intervention group to observe astrocytosis and morphologic changes, mRNA expression of GFAP was observed by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Compared with the con-trol group, average cell area, average dentritic length and number of dentrities of astrocytes were signifi-cantly reduced in the intervention group(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), with down-regulated mRNA expression of GFAP (P < 0.05). Conclusion HSP70 plays a facilitative role in reactive astrocytosis after injury of astrocytes. Reactive astrocytosis can be controlled to some extent by blocking HSP70 with anti-HSP70 antibody.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-134 ( miR-134 ) , CREB and pCREB in the temporal lobe tissue of patients and epileptic rats and to explore their roles in pathogenesis of epilepsy.Methods Tempo-ral lobe tissue samples of 14 patients with refractory epilepsy and 10 non-epileptic patients, and hippocampus and brain tis-sue samples of 42 rats were used in this study.Forty-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided in-to 6 epilepsy groups (24 h, 72 h, 7 d, 14 d, 30 d, and 60 d after kindling epilepsy) and a normal control group (n=6 for all groups) .The rat model of epilepsy was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 127 mg/kg lithium chloride and 16-20 h later, 35 mg/kg pilocarpine.In the temporal lobe tissue of patients and hippocampal tissue of rats, the expression level of miR-134 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.The expression levels of CREB and pCREB were de-termined by Western blot, and CREB and pCREB localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the control rats, the expression of miR-134 was significantly decreased in the temporal lobe tissue of experimental rats at 72 h,7 d,14 d, 60 d after kindling (P＜0.05),and no significant change at 24 h and 30 d after kindling (P>0.05). Expression of miR-134 in patients with refractory epilepsy was significantly lower than that of the controls ( P＜0.05 ) , while up-regulation of CREB expression was at the same time points (P＜0.05).Up-regulation of pCREB expression was at all the time points after kindling (P＜0.05).CREB and p-CREB expressions were seen in the nuclei of neurons, and significantly higher in patients with refractory epilepsy and epileptic rats.Conclusions The expression of miR-134 is sig-nificantly decreased and that of CREB and pCREB was significantly increased in the temporal lobe tissue of patients with re-fractory epilepsy and the hippocampal tissue of epileptic rats.These findings indicate that the signaling pathway of miR-134/CREB/pCREB may play an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

Objective To explore the effect of surface electromyographic biofeedback (SEMG-BFT) combined with electrical stimulation on the swallowing function of stroke survivors with dysphagia,and to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the submental muscles in swallowing various foods so as to provide a basis for future rehabilitation of such patients.Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,each of 28.Both groups were given low-frequency electrical stimulation and conventional swallowing training.The treatment group was additionally provided with SEMG-BFT.Before the treatment as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,the swallowing function of both groups was evaluated using the Kubota drinking water test (KDWT) and a Gugging swallowing screen (GUSS).Surface electromyographs of the submental muscles were recorded during empty swallowing,swallowing 10 ml of dilute liquid and swallowing 10 ml of paste.Results After two and four weeks of treatment,the average KDWT and GUSS scores of both groups had improved significantly,but that of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point.After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,significant differences were found in swallowing duration and the average amplitude of the sEMGs compared with before the treatment in both groups.The difference between the groups was significant at each time point.Conclusions SEMG-BFT combined with electrical stimulation can significantly improve swallowing function.Paste food can be used safely in the early evaluation and treatment of swallowing dysfunction.

Objective: To understand the changing trend and influencing factors of health literacy among residents in Hangzhou from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide basis for health literacy promotion. Methods: The monitoring data of health literacy of residents in Hangzhou from 2016 to 2020 were collected. The five year cumulative growth and average growth rate were used to reflect the changing trend. The multivariate logistic regression model under complex survey design was used to analyze the influencing factors for health literacy. Results: From 2016 to 2020, the health literacy levels of Hangzhou residents were 26.91%, 29.49%, 31.83%, 34.73% and 38.00%, respectively. The five year cumulative growth was 11.09% and the average growth rate was 9.01%. Among three aspects of health literacy, the levels of basic knowledge and concept as well as healthy lifestyle and behaviors increased year by year (P<0.05), with the average growth rates of 15.12% and 2.92%. Among six types of health problems, the levels of chronic disease prevention and treatment, basic medical treatment, scientific view, health information as well as safety and first aid increased year by year ( P<0.05 ), with the average growth rates of 32.76%, 15.82%, 8.41%, 7.12% and 1.53%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level ( junior high school, OR=5.359, 95%CI: 1.151-24.953;high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=9.214, 95%CI: 2.906-29.213; college or above, OR=29.977, 95%CI: 9.689-92.741 ) and occupation ( students, OR=2.564, 95%CI: 1.113-5.907 ) were the influencing factors for health literacy. Conclusion The health literacy levels of Hangzhou residents from 2016 to 2020 have been increasing year by year. The residents with higher education levels and students may have higher health literacy levels.

Objective: To learn the current situation of smoking among permanent residents aged 15 years and over in Hangzhou,so as to provide evidence for further smoking control. Methods: From March to June of 2017,multi-stage random sampling method was used to select residents aged 15 years and over in Hangzhou from district (county),town (street),village (residential committee) and then residential groups. The global Adult Tobacco Survey (part of China) questionnaire was used to investigate smoking,second-hand smoking and smoking cessation status of residents. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for smoking and quitting behaviors. Results: A total of 1 440 questionnaires were sent out and 1 434 valid ones were recovered,with an response rate of 99.58%. There were 359 (25.03%) current smokers and 333 (23.22%) daily smokers. The median number was 15 cigarettes per day in daily smokers,and the median age of starting daily smoking was 21 years old. There were 670 (62.33%) people exposed to second-hand smoking. There were 137 (27.62%) people successfully quitting smoking. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men (OR=73.459,95%CI:38.970-138.458), 50 years old or above (OR:1.646-2.632,95%CI:1.020-4.710),primary school education (OR=3.267,95%CI: 1.586-6.732),high school or vocational school education (OR=1.902,95%CI: 1.109-3.261),awareness of second-hand smoking hazards (OR=2.485,95%CI:1.735-3.559) were the influencing factors for current smoking;men (OR=64.454,95%CI:29.031-138.691),50-59 years old (OR=0.281,95%CI:0.095-0.827),primary school education (OR=0.211,95%CI:0.053-0.841) were the influencing factors for quitting smoking. Conclusions The rates of current smoking and second-hand smoking of permanent residents aged 15 years and over in Hangzhou were 25.03% and 62.33%,respectively. Gender,age and education level were associated with current smoking and quitting smoking.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and activity of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in the temporal lobe of epileptic patients and rat models and explore its role in the occurrence and progression of epilepsy.

METHODSThe temporal lobe tissue of epileptic patients and rat models (induced by lithium-pilocarpine) were examined for SIRT1 expression using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and also for SIRT1 activity using SIRT1 Deacetylase Assay Kit.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry detected positive SIRT1 expression mainly in the cytoplasm of the neurons in both human and rat brains, and the epileptic groups showed stronger SIRT1 immunoreactivity than the control group. Western blotting and activity assay showed that the expression and activity of SIRT1 were significantly increased in the temporal lobe of patients with refractory epilepsy as compared with the tissues samples from non-epileptic patients (P<0.05). In the rat models of epilepsy, SIRT1 expression was up-regulated at 6, 24, and 72 h and at 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after kindling (P<0.05) and SIRT1 activity was significantly increased at 6, 24, and 72 h and at 7 and 14 days (P<0.05), with the peak level of SIRT1 expression and activity occurring at 72 h.

CONCLUSIONUp-regulation of SIRT1 expression and activity in the temporal lobe of epileptic patients and rat models may play an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sirtuin 1 ; metabolism ; Temporal Lobe ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective: To analyze knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding protection against COVID-19 among primary and middle school students in Hangzhou and to provide a scientific basis for schools to carry out targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: Anonymous network sampling survey was carried out through the questionnaire star, and a total of 14 216 subjects from primary and middle school in Hangzhou were recruited to fill in the questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitudes and practice of COVID-19 from March 3 to March 7, 2020. Results: Primary and middle school students showed high awareness rate of transmission (85.83%) and incubation period (77.44%), but lower awareness on symptoms (44.70%) of COVID-19. The practice of wearing masks, cough etiquette and correct hand washing were 97.27%, 88.01% and 91.82%, respectively. The protective practice among primary and middle school students were generally good, 91.21% of them were at moderate level or above. 83.91% of primary and secondary school students reported worries about infection of COVID-19, and 55.42% of primary and secondary school students were anxious about returning to school. Primary school students and rural students were more anxious about returning to school(χ 2=46.66, 26.70, P<0.05). Conclusion The primary and middle school students in Hangzhou have a relatively good level of knowledge and practice concerning COVID-19. Yet, it is necessary to carry out targeted health education and strengthen mental health education for primary and middle school students.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is closely related to epileptic seizure, which is a common clinical manifestation or even the only symptom at acute phase of AE. Most patients do not develop seizures after treatment at acute or subacute stages, and these patients are classified as acute symptomatic seizures secondary to AE (ASSAE). Only a minority of patients will eventually develop autoimmune associated epilepsy (AAE). At present, no unified standard for clinical diagnosis is noted between ASSAE and AAE, but some differences exist in definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. This paper summarizes the similarities and differences between ASSAE and AAE in the above aspects, aiming at providing help for clinicians to differentiate the diagnosis of the two diseases.

OBJECTIVETo construct γ-synuclein gene eukaryotic expression vector, and to study its effect on the invasion of colon cancer cell line SW1116 and the adhesion between SW1116 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) in vitro.

METHODSTotal RNA was extracted from colon cancer cell line HT29 and the cDNA of γ-synuclein was amplified using RT-PCR. The digested fragment of cDNA coding sequence was linked to the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C1 containing the GFP gene. After identification by sequence analysis, the recombinant plasmid was transfected into colon cancer cell line SW1116 via lipofectamine. The stable cell line was selected with G-418. The invasion in vitro was tested by Transwell invasion chamber assay. HUVECs were previously seeded onto 96-well plates before SW1116 cells seeded, and fluorescence intensity of GFP was detected to represent the amount of adhesion cells by ELISA.

RESULTSHuman γ-synuclein eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed, which was stably expressed in SW1116 cells and could translate the GFP-γ-synuclein protein in vitro. γ-synuclein facilitated SW1116 cell passing through matrigel and filter membrane(198.4±20.7 vs. 98.8±13.2, P<0.05) and elevated the adherence of SW1116 cells to HUVECs(3.08±0.36 vs. 1.22±0.21, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONExpression of γ-synuclein can strengthen colon cancer cell SW1116 potentiality of invasion and metastasis in vitro.

Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Genetic Vectors ; biosynthesis ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; gamma-Synuclein ; genetics