We investigated the state of contemporary interpersonal relationships among postgraduates by the self-designed questionaires and then deeply discussed theirfeatures and put forward relative suggestions and strategies.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hanging by the feet OAC-CPR in patients with big hemoptysis suffocation and cardiac arrest.Methods 68 cases of big haemoptysis suffocation and cardiac arrest were randomly divided into two groups.The control group(38 cases) was treated by standard CPR treatment method.The study group (30 cases) was treated by hanging by the feet OAC-CPR method.Results Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) of study group was obviously higher than that of control group( 80.0％ vs 55.3％,x2 =4.58,P ＜ 0.05 ).24hours survival of study group was obviously higher than that of control group ( 70.0％ vs 44.7％,x2 =4.34,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Hanging by the feet OAC-CPR can do cardiopulmonary resuscitation and air passage clearing simultaneously in emergency treatment more sufficiently and successfully.

Clinical practice is a key step that students take to become doctors.This paper does research in clinical teaching methods for ophthalmology through analyzing current problem of clinical practice in ophthalmology.In the clinical teaching,we should strength the building up of clinical teachers,stimulate students' interest and activity,take PBL(problem-based learning) into teaching method,make use of the principle of optimization medical care and the evidence-based medicine in clinical practice teaching,strength medical students' legal consciousness and cultivate capability of building up cooperative doctor-patient relationship,and improve quality of clinical teaching.

Objective To evaluate the effects of induction chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (ICRT) and concurrent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (CCRT) for Stage Ⅱ -Ⅲ non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) . Methods From July 19% to July 1999, 64 patients with Stage Ⅱ -Ⅲ NSCLC were randomized into two groups: ICRT group (32 patients) induction chemotherapy with DDP( 100mg/m2,dl) and VP-16 (100mg/m2,dl-d3) per week, one cycle per 4 weeks was given. Radiation was given after 2-3 cycles. CCRT group (32 patients) received radiotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy with DDP(20 mg/m2,dl-d5) and VP-16 (50 mg/m2,dl-d5) per week for 8 weeks. In either group, radiation was given with a total dose of 60-70 Gy/6-7 weeks. Results One patient was excluded from ICRT group for development of distant metastasis, and 3 from CCRT group for their acute complications or other diseases. The overall response rates ( CR + PR) of ICRT and CCRT groups were 81.3% and 84.4%, respectively . NR + PD rates of both groups were 18.7% and 15.6% . The median survival periods were 13.4 months in ICRT group and 21.6 months in CCRT group (t = 2.58, P

Objective To evaluate the improvement of diagnostic accuracy with background region of interest(ROI)rectification for 99mTc-DTPA renography in patients with GFR≤plasma sampling method). Methods Thirty-three patients(age＞20 years,male/female=13/20)dose of 111 MBq/0.5 ml of 99mTc-DTPA was injected into an antecubital vein.The background ROI was selected below the kidney(Gates method,method a)or around the kidney(method b),then these two different GFR(GFRa,GFRb)were automatically estimated by computer.Meanwhile,3 ml blood samples were collected 2 h and 4 h after injection respectively,and radioactivity of 1 ml plasma was measured.GFR was calculated by dual plasma sampling method(GFRp)and the results were all standardized with the body surface area.The accuracies and correlations of GFRa and GFRb were compared to GFRp respectively. Results The correlation coefficients were ra=0.602 and rb=0.834.The median of difference of GFRa and GFRb was 8.33,-4.41.The median of absolute difference of GFRa and GFRb was 8.33,4.49.The accuracies within±15%,±30%and±50%of GFRa were 24.2%,30.3%and 48.5%,and those of GFRb were 33.3%,51.5%and 81.8%.Conclusion The background ROI around kidney can obviously improve the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-DTPA renography in patients with severe renal insufficiency.

Objective To investigate the long-term curative effect of the radiotherapy combined uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization for cervical cancer.Methods Records of 632 patients with cervical cancer stage Ⅱ-Ⅳa proved by pathology in Lanzhou Command General Hospital from January 1st,1999 to August 31st.2009 were retrospective analysed.One hundrand and twenty-six cases of them were treated with radical radiothempy combined uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization(arterial chemoembolization+radiotherapy group).506 cases of them were treated with radical radiotherapy only (radiotherapy group);the evaluation of the late radiation injury was done,according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(RTOG/EORTC)advanced radiation injury criteria.Prognosis and complications were compared between two groups,relative risk factors of radiothempy complications were identified by method of logistic regression.Results (1)Survival:the total survival mtes of 1-year,2-year,5-year and 8-year were 94.4%,82.3%,48.8%,29.1%,respectively.The survival rates of arterial chemoembolization+radiotherapy group were 96.0%.82.1%,37.2%,25.7%,while the survival rates of radiotherapy group were 94.1%,80.8%,51.1%,31.5%,in which there were significant differences between two groups (x2 = 0.009, P= 0.993; x2 =0. 158, P =0.691;X2 =11. 197,P=0. 001;x2 =9. 649,P =0.002). During the follow-up period, the rate of recurrence and metastasis in arterial chemoembolization + radiotherapy group were 77. 0% (97/126), while 73. 3% (371/ 506) in radiotherapy group ( x2 = 0. 705,P = 0. 401). (2) Radiotherapy complications and relative risk factors; the total incidence of tardive bladder injury higher than RTOG/EORTC stage II was 5.5% (35/632), while it was 11. l%(14/126)in arterial chemoembolization + radiotherapy group, 4.2% (21/506) in the radiotherapy group(x2 =9.344,P =0.002). The results of logistic regression showed that the uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization was relative risk factors of the tardive bladder injury ( x2 =6. 440, OR = 2. 869,P=0. 011). Conclusions Compared with the simple radiotherapy, there are a similar short-term survival rate and significant poor 5-year, 8-year survival rate in the patients treated with the uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization combined with radiotherapy, which also may be strong dangerous factor for the occurrence of tardive bladder injury. The results shown that the uterine arterial interventional chemoem bolization do not recommend to be routine adjuvant therapy for the radical radiotherapy of cervical cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of transurethral feedback microwave thermotherapy with the ProstaLund CoreTherm Device(PLFT) in high risk patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Sixty-six high risk patients diagnosed with BPH, including aged ≥80 in 32 pa-tients, hypertension in 31 patients, diabetes in 5 patients, heart failure in 8 patients, chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease in 8 patients, cerebral infarction in 11 patients, fracture, amputation or joint stiffness unsuitable for lithotomy position in 3 patients, abnormal blood coagulation in 4 patients, pan-creatitis in 2 patients, cardiac arrhythmia in 6 patients and malignant tumor in 3 patients, were treated with PLFT using individual power at urethral local anesthesia, resulting in coagulation necrosis in 15%-30% of prostate tissue around urethra. Meanwhile, real-time monitoring the temperature of prostate and the tissue around it was used. All patients were evaluated by comparing volume of pros-tate, maximal urinary flow (Q_max), international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life questionnaire (QOL) in pre-treatment and three months after respectively. Results All of patients well tolerated PLFT. There was bleeding lightly, infection lightly and temporary incontinence. There was no severe surgical complication. After three months, the volume of prostate reduced from 62. 2 ml to 44.5 ml; IPSS decreased from 23. 4 to 11.7; QOL decreased from 4.5 to 2.4; Q_max rised from 4, 2 ml/s to 11.2 ml/s. All differences reached significance. Conclusion PLFT is one of effective and safe treatments for patients with BPH especial BPH complicating with severe conditions.

Objective:To observe and compare the clinical effect of single-incision and two-incision posterior chamber phakic intraocularlens implantation in the correction of extreme myopia.Methods:40 cases(80 eyes) of patients with extreme myopia underwent conventional two-incision posterior chamber phakic intraocularlens implantation in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2013 were selected as the control group and 40 cases(80 eyes) underwent single-incision posterior chamber phakic intraocularlens implantation from July 2013 to January 2016 were selected as observation group.The open hole before and after operation,best corrected visual acuity of vision,operation safety,effectiveness index,diopter (column mirror,equivalent ball for eyeglasses),intraocular pressure,ECD,anterior chamber depth and occurrence of complications were compared between two groups.Results:The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of both groups at 6 months after operation were significantly higher than those before operation (P＜0.05),which was significantly higher in the observation group than that of the control group (P＜0.05);The operation safety and effectiveness index of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05);The cylinder and spherical equivalent degree of both groups at 6 months after operation were significantly better than those before operation(P＜0.05),which was significantly better in the observation group than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The corneal endothelial cell counts(ECL) of control group after operation was significantly lower than that before operation (P＜0.05),and no significant difference was found in the ECL of observation group before and after operation (P＞0.05).The ECL of observation group after operation was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05);The incidence rate of complication in observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Compared with two-incision operation,the single-incision posterior chamber phakic intraocularlens implantation had remarkable clinical effect in the correction of extreme myopia with higher security.

Objective To analyse the effectiveness of the preoperative 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for large nephroblastoma up to 10 centimeters in diameter,and to investigate more effective preoperative therapies for intermediate and advanced nephroblastoma.Methods 32 cases of nephroblastoma were treated with preoperative radiotherapy with a dose fractionation as follows:150-200 cGy/fraction,5 fraction/week,the total dose of 1 000-2 000cGy,the mean dose of 1 600 cGy.During the radiotherapy,the B ultrasonic examination and CT were performed weekly to measure the variation of tumor volumes.The time of operation were determined based on the overall health status of patients,the shrinkage of tumor,and adhesions between tumor and adjacent vital organs.Radiontherapy was terminated one week before operation.4 patients who were found tumor adhered to normal tissues around kidney during operation were placed silver clip,and were given postoperative radiotherapy with additional dose of 1 000-2 000 cGy and the mean dose of 1 200 cGy.Results The median tumor reduction rate was 37 ％.The effective rate of preoperative radiotherapy was 100 ％.The complete resection rate was 87.5 ％.2-years tumor-free survival rates was 84.4 ％ and 5-years was 78.1％.There was no surgery-related death.Conclusion Preoperative 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy reduces tumor volume,and raises resection and survival rate.

Objective To explore the effect of low constant direct current (LCDC) in the medullary cavity on repairing of rabbit radial defect as to evaluate its clinical value. Methods DBX was put into the segmental osteoperiosteum defect of rabbit bilateral radius. The rabbits were divided into 2 groups: group A (subject group) with the defects stimulated by LCDC and group B (control group) with the defects left untreated. In week 2,5 and 9, 4 animals from each group were put into death, and the radius was taken for study using photograph, electron microscope, histological & morphologic technique, and the contents of the Calcium (Ca) and ALP were determined. Results Compared with group B, the healing of group A was better. The contents of Ca and ALP increased obviously in week 2 (P