Objective To study the relationship between insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 63 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into 2 groups:group A (HbA1c≤7％,n=30),group B (HbA1c＞7％,n=33); and 30 healthy people were as controls.Fasting blood sugar(FBS),fasting insulin (FINS),glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured,atherosclerotic plaques were counted,and insulin resistance was calculated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR).Results The IMT,number of atherosclerotic plaques and incidence of carotid atherosclerosis were all higher in the two diabetic groups than in controls (P＜0.05).The levels of FINS,HbA1c and HOMA-IR were all higher in group A and group B than in controls (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01),which had a significant difference between group A and group B [(9.7± 2.1)mU/L vs.(13.6±2.0) mU/L; (6.5±0.4)％ vs.(8.2±0.6)％; (3.5±0.4) vs.(6.1±0.5); all P＜0.05].Pearson correlation analysis showed that IMT was positively correlated with FBS and HOMA-IR in group A and group B (r=0.62 and r=0.46,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusions There is a positive correlation between insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To study the new triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with cytotoxic activity.Methods Triterpene glycosides from H.scabra were separated and purified by chromatography on DA-101,silica gel,and reversed-phase silica gel column,as well as RP-HPLC.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence.Results Three triterpene glycosides were identified as scabraside D (1),fuscocineroside C (2),and 24-dehydroechinoside A (3).Their inhibition on P-388,A549,MKN-28,HCT116,and MCF-7 cells were significant.Conclusion Scabraside D (1) is a new triterpene glycoside,and compounds 2 and 3 are isolated from H.scabra for the first time.The glycosides 1-3 show the in vitro cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines in comparison to 10-hydroxycamptothecin.

ObjectiveTo determine the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in Han ethnic patients with type 2 diabetes in Chenzhou area of Hunan province,and to assess the assoeiation between this polymorphism and diabetes.MethodsThis study was cross-sectional designed.Samples were taken by random sampling method from diabetes, prediabetes and euglycemia subjeers.ACE gene polymorphism I/D were examined by PCR.Genotype was classified as I1, ID, or DD based on positive or negative insertion/deletion allele.ResultsThis study showed significant differences of ages (X2 =32.09, P ＜0.01), body mass index (BMI) (X2 =16.10, P ＜0.01), family history (X2 =20.42, P ＜0.01) and serum triglyceride (F =21.289, P ＜0.01) among three groups, and diabetes group tended to have higher value.Frequency of genotype II, ID, DD were 72(56.3％) ,52(40.6％) and 4(3.1％) in diabetes, 64(64.0％) ,30(30.0％) and 6(6.0％) in pre-diabetes subjects, 81 (72.3％),29(25.9％)和 2(1.8％) in euglycemia subjects, consecutively.Chi-square analysis showed statistically significant association between ID + DD vs.Ⅱ genotype and diabetes (x2 = 6.68, P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed four variables that significantly influence to diabetes, namely ACE gene polymorphism, family history of diabetes, BMI, and serum triglyceride level.ConclusionsACE ID + DD genotype had significant relationship with diabetes in Chenzhou Han ethnic population, Hunan province, China.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the sea cucumber Holothuria impatiens collected from the South China Sea.Methods The pure compounds were isolated by extraction,partition and multi-chromatography.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.Results Three triterpene glycosides were isolated and identified as holothurin A1(Ⅰ),holothurin A(Ⅱ) and pervicoside C(Ⅲ),together with a physiological substance of adenosine(Ⅳ).Conclusion All were isolated from Holothuria impatiens for the first time.Three glycosides showed significant cytotoxic activities.

0.05).In1?g/kg dosage group,no neutralizing activity was detected at the end of convalescent period.CONCLUSION:The neutralizing antibodies can be detected in the serum of both hamsters and rhesus monkeys after repeating injection of recombinant consensus interferon?.The titers of antibody are in direct ratio with the duration and the injected dose.

Objective To study the cause and management of difficult laparoscopic appendectomy.Method A retrospective analysis of 102 difficult laparoscopic appendectomies was performed. Results The associating factors leading to operative difficulty were as follows:adhesion of peri-appendix in 44 cases,gangrene at root of appendix in 21 cases,special location of appendix in 17 cases,abdominal adhesion in 12 cases,obesity and inflatable intestine in 8 cases. Laparoscopic appendectomy was successfully performed in 96 cases(94.1%,96/102) ,and no intestinal leakage or massive hemorrahge occurred. Conclusions Adhesion of peri-appendix is the most common cause in difficult laparoscopic appendectomy,and gangrene at root of appendix is the most difficult one. Reasonable management for appendix stump contributes to successful operation.

Objective To observe microstructural changes of white matter in Alzheimer's disease (AD),and to find out the relationship between white matters lesion and declined cognition.Methods Twenty-four AD patients and 24 controls with normal cognition performed diffusion tensor imaging MR scan.Tract-based spatial statistical analysis (TBSS) was used to investigate microstructural change of white matter,and then its correlation with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores was analyzed.Results Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were decreased in corpus callosum,fornix,left corticospinal tract,bilateral cerebral peduncle,superior cerebellar peduncle,internal capsule,corona radiata,posterior thalamic radiation,sagittal stratum including inferior longitidinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,external capsule,cingulate gyrns,hippocampus,superior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus,while mean diffusivity (MD) values were increased in fornix,left hippocampus,bilateral internal capsule,corona radiata,posterior thalamic radiation,sagittal stratum including inferior longitidinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,external capsule,cingulate gyrus,superior longitudinal fasciculus,superior fronto-occipital fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus (all P ＜ 0.05,threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected).MMSE scores had a positive correlation with decreased FA values of left sagittal stratum (r =0.535,P =0.007) and negative correlations with increased MD values of left sagittal stratum (r =-0.427,P =0.037),left superior longitudinal fasciculus (r =-0.424,P =0.039) and left uncinate fasciculus (r =-0.505,P =0.012).Conclusions There exist widespread white matter lesions in AD with impairment of white matter connections of intra-and inter-hemispheres.Impaired white matters in left hemisphere may have close relationships with cognition decline.

The apparatus introduced in this paper can be used to measure and record the realtime environmental parameters and such physical information of individual protection equipment as the temperature,thermal current and thermal insulating value.The apparatus has several advantages including high accuracy,practicability,reliability and easy to operate.

AIM:To study the effect of centromere protein W ( CENP-W) down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells.METHODS:Small interfering RNA ( siRNA) was used to inhibit the expression of CENP-W in the U87 cells. The interference effect of siRNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot .The proliferation of the cells was analyzed by MTT assay , BrdU staining and colony formation experiment .Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the invasion a-bility of the cells .The cell migration ability was measured by a scratch test .The changes of the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry .RESULTS:The results of MTT assay , colony formation experiment and BrdU staining showed that the cell proliferation and colony formation abilities in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group and negative control group .The results of Transwell and scratch experiments showed that the migra-tion and invasion abilities in experimental group were weaker than those in blank control group and negative control group . The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell cycle distribution in experimental group was arrested in G 0/G1 phase .The percentage of apoptotic cells in experimental group was higher than that in control group ( P<0.05 ) .CON-CLUSION:Down-regulation of CENP-W expression inhibits the proliferation , migration and invasion of human glioma cells and promotes the apoptosis of the cells , suggesting that CENP-W may be a potential target of gene therapy for human glioma.

Objective To investigate the effect of daily behavior,life habits,mental status of the resident population in Beijing City on thyroid nodules.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted using stratified sampling method to investigate the resident population in physical examination organization of Xicheng,Chaoyang,Mentougou and Shunyi districts,who lived in Beijing for more than 15 years,ages between 45-50 years old,and they did not know whether suffered from thyroid nodules.A 1:1 case-control study was used to analyze the relationships between thyroid nodules and mobile phone using time,exercise,sleep and mental stress in males and females.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze relationships between various factors and thyroid nodule in single factor analysis,and if the influence factors in the single factor analysis had statistical significance they will be further analyzed in the multiple factors analysis.Results The total prevalence of thyroid nodules was 35.06％ (331/944),males and females were 27.91％ (144/516) and 43.69％ (187/428),respectively.The prevalence of female was higher than that of male (x2 =25.60,P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that mental stress (males,females:OR =2.106,1.653,95％CI:1.158 ～ 3.831,1.042 ～ 2.622) and using the phone ＞ 3 h (males,females:OR =12.863,5.315,95％CI:1.540 ～ 107.444,1.359 ～ 20.794) were risk factors for thyroid nodules in the male and female populations.Conclusion The occurrence of thyroid nodules maybe related to mental status and using the phone for a long time,but its mechanism needs to be further explored.