ObjectiveTo systematically review endoscopic failure to remove upper gastrpintestinal foreign bodies in China,MethodsWe searched literature in Chinese database ( 1975 ～ October,2010) according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and then data of 215 studies (904 patients) were extracted,summarized and analyzed.ResultsPatients in 24-hour group accounted for a higher proportion than the within 24-bour group (97.5％ v.s.2.5％ ).The failure rate for esophageal incarceration (49.8％ ) was higher than those for stomach (29.0％ ),duodenum ( 17.0％ ) and epiglottis headquarter (4.2％ ).In mental or psychiatric patients,the failure rate was higher than that of common people ( 8.4 ％ v.s.4.2％ ; P =0.0001 ).Failure rate for those who underwent chest X-rays and CT (3.7％) was lower than that for those who underwent X-rays (4.3％ ) or barium meal examination (5.1％ ) only.There were 9 deaths and the types of the foreign bodies were all bones,in which 8 were located in the upper esophagus and 6 were beyond 24 hours.ConclusionForeign body type,size,incarceration time,location and population characteristics of patients are closely related to the failure of removing foreign bodies with endoscopy.It is suggested that we should improve the management of special population and offer timely treatment.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes in achalasia patients by using high resolution manometry (HRM).Methods Twenty-four achalasia patients were enrolled for HRM examination and typing.The esophageal pressure of patients with different subtypes was analyzed.Chi-square test was used for count data analysis.Two independent samples t-test was used for measurement data.Results Among twenty-four achalasia patients,five patients were type Ⅰ and maledominated,18 patients were type Ⅱ and female was more than male,and only one male patient was type Ⅲ.The frequency of weight loss in type Ⅰ was higher than that of type Ⅱ (x2 =6.97,P=0.008).The frequency of chest pain and food reflux in type Ⅰ was higher than that of type Ⅱ (both P＞0.05).The average distance from the nares to the upper edge of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) with the electrode successfully inserted into the stomach was (44.9±3.3) cm and to the lower edge of the LES was (48.0±3.2) cm.The average LES length was (3.1 ±0.7) cm,average intraabdominal LES length was (2.1 ±0.5) cm.The average LES resting pressure was (34.6 ± 13.8) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) and the integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was (31.1 ± 12.0) mm Hg.Conclusion Esophageal manometry is the golden standard for achalasia diagnosis,and HRM may be a simple,direct viewing and accurate method for accessing esophageal motor function.