Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play pivotal roles for monitoring the tumor metastasis and prognosis.The nanotechnology provides a favourable platform for CTCs detection,and enables CTCs to be more promising for practical application.Meanwhile,the nanoscale device by virtue of nanotechnology has broad application prospects in eliminating CTCs and offers a new direction in the field of anti-cancer.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative transarterial chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. Methods A total of 60 cases of invasive bladder cancer have been confirmed on open surgery and pathological studies were retrospective studied.The cases were allotted to preoperative transarterial chemotherapy group (30 cases) and operation alone group (30 cases).Preoperative transarterial chemotherapy was performed by infusing anticancer drugs into internal iliac artery.Surgery was performed in 1～2 weeks after transarterial chemotherapy.The bladder preservation rate,recurrence rate,metastasis rate and survival rate were compared between the 2 groups. Results In the preoperative transarterial chemotherapy group,the bladder preservation rate was improved and the recurrence rate dropped (P0.05). Conclusions Preoperative transarterial chemotherapy is a safe and effective method in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prevention and treatment effect of Xiaochaihu decoction on irinotecan(CPT-11)-in-duced bloodystool in model mice with delayed diarrhea. METHODS:40 mice were randomly divided into normal control group (equal volume of normal saline),model control group(equal volume of normal saline),Xiaochaihu decoction group(1500 mg/kg, calculated by crude drug)and loperamide group(positive control,0.5333 mg/kg),ig,once a day,for 17 days. Except for normal control group,other groups were intraperitoneally injected CPT-11 to induce delayed diarrhea in 4th-10th day. Body mass changes, bloodystool rate of mice were determined,and pathological changes in large intestine and small intestine were observed. RE-SULTS:After 17 days of administration,compared with normal control group,the body mass in modeling groups was obviously declined (P<0.05),while body mass in Xiaochaihu decoction group was higher than model control group (P<0.05). In the 11th-17th day,bloodystool rate in Xiaochaihu decoction group and loperamide group were significantly lower than model control group(P<0.01),and bloodystool rate in Xiaochaihu decoction group was lower than loperamide group(P<0.05). Pathological re-sults showed,obvious diffuse necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in mucosal epithelial cells of large intestine and small intestine in model control group,and the intestinal mucosal tissue in administration groups tended to be normal. CON-CLUSIONS:Xiaochaihu decoction can effectively reduce bloodystool rate,improve intestinal mucosa injury,and has prevention and treatment effect on CPT-11-induced bloodystool in mice,with superior effect to loperamide.

Objective To verify and evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution in endoscopy preparation. Methods A multicenter open randomized controlled clinical study of 211 patients taking PEG-4000 electrolyte or mannitol in colonoendoscopy preparation. The overall evaluation of colonic preparation was the primary efficacy criterion. The investigator recorded any adverse event to assess the safety. Results The total effective rate of overall colonic preparation of study group was 92. 45% (98/ 106) , that of mannitol group was 80% (84/105). The study group showed more effective than control group with statistical significance (P = 0.016). The adverse event incidence of study group was 8.49%. There were 6 patients complained of nausea and vomiting, 3 patients showed abnormal laboratory results after administration. All the events relieved in short period and have no influence on examination. There was no serious adverse event in this group. The incidence of adverse event in mannitol group was 14. 29% (15/105 ). Four patients showed gastrointestinal symptoms and 1 showed chest suppression. Abnormal laboratory results were found in 10 patients. There was 1 serious adverse event occurred in control group. The difference between 2 groups had no statistical significance. Conclusion PEG-4000 electrolyte is a safe and effective drug in colonic preparation before clinical colonic examination or surgery.

Objective To study the sub chronic toxicity of silver nanoparticles on medaka.Methods Adult fish were divided into silve nenopartides and control group.Animals were collected on 14 days after exposure, and some toxicological endpoints such as death rate, tissue distributed of silver irons, oxidative stress and histopathological damage were measured.Results There were significant difference in death rate of medaka treated with silver nanoparticles and control group.Compared with the control group, the content of silver in gill, intestine and liver of medaka treated with silver nanoparticles were increased significantly.Compared with control group, the activity of LDH in liver and SOD in liver and gill were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The content of MDA in liver of medaka treated with silver nanoparticles was significantly increased(P<0.01).The liver and gill of mekada treated with silver nanoparticles were damaged, compared with control group.Conclusion Nano silver has a certain subchronic toxicity to aquatic life.

Recurrence and metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. Early detection and treatment of malignant breast cancer cells and metastasis are the hotspots of current resear-ches. The discovery of circulating tumor cells(CTC)may provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Detection of CTC will help the early detection of micrometastasis,the guidance of individ-ual treatment,and the evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis. Domestic and foreign research pro-gress of CTC was reviewed in this paper.

Objective To investigate current status of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)and community-associated infection(CAI)of different levels of hospitals in Xinjiang.Methods Infection,antimicrobial use and pathogen detection in patients in second-class and above hospitals in Xinjiang on March 20,2014 were performed cross-sectional survey by bedside visiting and medical record reviewing methods.Results A total of 66 208 patients in 132 hospitals were investigated,HAI prevalence rate and case prevalence rate was 1.83% and 2.02% respectively;CAI prevalence rate and case prevalence rate was 24.53% and 24.83% respectively.HAI prevalence rate in third-class hospitals was higher than second-class hospitals (2.58% vs 1.44%,P <0.001),while CAI prevalence rate was lower than second-class hospitals (17.84% vs 28.01%,P<0.001).HAI prevalence rate was highest in intensive care unit (14.91%),CAI was highest in pediatric department. The common infection sites were respiratory tract,surgical site and urinary tract.Antimicrobial usage rate was 31.27%, antimicrobial usage rate in second-class hospitals was higher than that of the third-class hospitals([35.95%,n=15 642]vs [22.32%,n=5 064],χ2 =1 288.974,P <0.001),pathogen detection rate in third-class hospitals was higher than that of the second-class hospitals([59.40%,n=2 224]vs [53.59%,n=6 436],χ2 =38.964,P <0.001 )Gram-negative bacilli were main isolated pathogens,the top 3 pathogens were Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,and Acinetobacter bau-mannii .Conclusion The cross-sectional survey can reflect infection status of different levels of hospitals,surveillance of targeted microbial detection and rational antimicrobial use should be strengthened,management of infection in high risk population and key sites should be paid close attention.

Aim To investigate the effects of meloxi-cam on the proliferation,migration and expression of PTEN of human colorectal cancer LoVo cells.Meth-ods The colony formation test was used to detect the effect of meloxicam on the proliferation of LoVo cells. The cell migration assay was applied to analyze the effect of meloxicam on LoVo cells activity.The RT-PCR assay was used to detect the effect of meloxicam on the mRNA expression of PCNA and PTEN gene. The western blot assay was applied to analyze the effects of meloxicam on the expression of PTEN pro-tein.The recombinant adenovirus and Annexin-V assay were used to testify the relationship between PTEN gene and anti-cancer effect of meloxicam.Results Compared with the control group,meloxicam could in-hibit the colony formation and PCNA protein expression of LoVo cells.At 48 h and 80 μmol·L -1 ,the expres-sion of PCNA protein was reduced to 61 .57% ± 2.81 %(T =7.086,P =0.01 9),the mRNA expres-sion of PTEN gene increased to 1 60.43% ±4.71 %(T=24.244,P =0.002),and the expression of PTEN protein increased to 1 52.63% ±3.33%(T =27.359, P =0.001 ).Results Annexin-V test indicated that the anti-cancer effect of meloxicam was associated with the up-regulated expression of PTEN.Conclusions Meloxicam can inhibit the proliferation and migration of LoVo cells by up-regulating the expression of PTEN.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and application of histopathology diagnosis of endometrial tissues obtained by endometrial cell collector (Jingyou, SAP-1). Methods One hundred and ninety-three patients whose endometrial lesions should be excluded were selected. First, endometrial tissue were obtained from the patients by Jingyou, then they underwent comprehensive curettage under hysteroscopy. The histopathology diagnosis was performed respectively. The specimen satisfaction rate and diagnostic accuracy was analyzed and compared. Results The specimen satisfaction rate of curettage under hysteroscopy was 95.85%(185/193). The specimens of 8 cases were not satisfied because the tissues were not enough. The specimen satisfaction rate of Jingyou was 82.38% (159/193). The specimens of 34 cases were not satisfied, among whom in 10 cases scratches did not throughout the whole palace antrum, and in 24 cases tissues quality were poor. The endometrial thickness in unsatisfactory specimen by Jinyou was significantly thinner than that in satisfactory specimen:(0.64 ± 0.18) cm vs. (0.97 ± 0.43) cm, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The diagnostic accordance rate between Jingyou and curettage under hysteroscopy was 79.87%(127/159). The sensitivity of Jingyou from high to low was 94.19% (81/86) in normal menstrual endometrial, 7/10 in endometrial carcinoma/ atypical hyperplasia, 67.86%(38/56) in endometrial hyperplasia and 1/7 in endometrial polyps. Missed diagnosis of jingyou inluded 2 cases of endometrial carcinoma and 4 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia. The misdiagnosed rate of high grade endometrial lesions was 6/16, and the patients were misdiagnosed because the tissues were not enough. Four cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia had underwent conservative treatment of repeated curettage. Conclusions Application of Jingyou can obtain micro endometrial tissues, and the accordance rate of histopathology diagnosis is high with curettage under hysteroscopy. When the collector makes a comprehensive collection to the uterine cavity specimen, it can accurately screen endometrial carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia. The patients who have endometrial atypical hyperplasia and receive conservative treatment and curettage repeatedly curettage, thin endometrium and ultrasonic highly suspected endometrial polyps, are not recommend to use Jingyou to obtain specimen. When the specimen is not satisfied using the collector, additional hysteroscopy should be performed to avoid misdiagnosis of high grade endometrial lesions.

Total caudate lobectomy via anterior hepatic transection is still a new technique to resect the tumor in the caudate lobe,which is mastered only by few surgeons.The procedure was successfully performed on a 21-year old patient with focal nodular hyperplasia in caudate lobe.The right and left lobes were first mobilized,then the short hepatic veins were dissected to detach the caudate lobe from the retrohepatic vena cava.Then the liver was split anteriorly and the partial middle lobe was resected.With this process,the tumor was in the sight and we dissected it from the liver parenchyma.The inflow blood was occluded 3 times with a period of 29,27 and 27 minutes,respectively,with an interval of 5 minutes.The total blood loss during operation was 1000 ml.The patient recovered quickly without any complications.The technique for caudate lobectomy via anterior hepatic transection can improve the success rate and safety of caudate lobectomy and deserve clinical consideration.