Objective: To investigate the function of the heath expenditure in the role of the economic growth through the research on the effect by the human capital. Methods: To establish endogenous growth models and human capital growth models of simultaneous equations, to analyze the mechanism by the method of a three-stage least squares. Results: Growth of human capital is positively related to economic growth, health expenditure growth is negatively related to economic growth, health expenditure growth and growth of human capital is positively correlated. Conclusion: Influences of health expenditure growth on economic growth depends on the comprehensive response.

Objective To discuss the cleaning effect of biofilm cleaners for the endoscopic equipment,in order to clean the endoscopic equipment in the operation room thoroughly,improve the cleaning quality of surgical instruments in hospital and prevent nosocomial infection.Methods 300 polluted endoscopic equipments were selected in the operation room and were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly.Then the two groups were dealt with biofilm cleaners and multi-enzyme detergent respectively.At the end of the cleaning step,the cleaning effect were compared between the two groups.Results The passing rate of cleaning in the experimental group was 96.8％,significantly better than that of the control group,which was 78.0％.The difference between two groups had statistical significance.Conclusions Cleaning endoscopic equipment with biofilm cleaners can improve the cleaning effect of the surgical instruments,ensure the cleaning quality of the surgical instruments.

Object To investigate clinical features,surgical strategy and prognostic factors of bone metastasis from thyroid cancer.Methods A total of 46 patients with bone metastasis from thyroid cancer,who had undergone surgical treatment from January 1999 to July 2011 and had complete follow-up data,were enrolled in this retrospective study.There were 20 males and 26 females,aged from 40 to 87 years (average,56.87 years).Forty two (91.3％) cases of metastatic lesion located in axial skeleton,while 4 (8.7％) in limbs.The tumor histology type was well-differentiated in 35 patients and poorly differentiated in 11 cases.Nineteen patients (41.3％) had an isolated metastatic bone lesion,while other 27 patients (58.7％) had multiple lesions.Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression model were performed to identify prognostic factors among 19 factors including gender,age,tumor subtype,number of bone metastasis,site of bone metastasis,visceral metastasis,skeletal-related events,timing of metastasis,whether metastatic lesion was detected when thyroid cancer was diagnosed,whether thyroid surgery was performed,whether 131Ⅰ therapy was performed,whether chemotherapy or radiotherapy were performed,preoperative general condition (good or poor),surgical type (excisional surgery or palliative surgery),characteristics of metastatic lesion (osteolytic or mixed),intraoperative blood loss,whether measures were applied to prevent intraoperative bleeding,perioperative complications and long-term complications.Results Excisional surgery was performed in 36 patients (78.3％),while palliative surgery in other 10 patients (21.7％).The average amount of blood loss was 2603.26ml.The postoperative 5-year survival rate and 10-year survival rate were 37.3％ and 12.4％,respectively.Univariate analysis showed the significant prognostic factors include tumor subtype,number of bone metastasis,whether 131Ⅰ therapy was performed,and preoperative general condition (good or poor).Multivariate analysis showed the independent prognostic factors were number of bone metastasis (solitary or multiple) and whether 131Ⅰ therapy was performed.Conclusion For patients with bone metastasis from thyroid cancer,the prognostic factors are useful for determining indications for operation and improving treatment outcome.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture plus Bobath therapy in treating motor dysfunction of the core muscles in patients with hemiplegia after cerebral stroke.Method Totally 144 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were divided into a control group, treatment group 1 and treatment group 2. The treatment group 1 was intervened by Bobath therapy, while the treatment group 2 was by abdominal acupuncture and scalp acupuncture in association with Bobath therapy. The recruited patients were examined for the manual muscle strength rating of the abdominal core muscles, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score, and Barthel Index (BI) score on the day of admission, the 30th day and 60th day after admission.Result There were no significant inter-group differences in comparing the core muscle strength, BBS, and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) on the day of admission (P>0.05). The core muscle strength, BBS, and ADL were significantly increased on the 30th and 60th day after admission in the three groups (P<0.05), and the scores in treatment group 2 were significantly higher than that in the control group and treatment group 1 (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture plus Bobath therapy can significantly improve the motor dysfunction of the core muscles in patients with hemiplegia after cerebral stroke.

Objective To localize the gene of a Chinese autosomal-dominant non-syndrome deafness (DFNA) family by linkage analysis. Methods Pedigree was drawn after genetic investigation. All family members were checked up, and detail audiology examination proceeded (including pure tone audiometer, acoustic immittance measurement, auditory brainstem response). Vestibular function was evaluated. At first, the similarity of the family's locus linkage with the known DFNA loci should be excluded, and then whole genome scan was carried out. Results Deafness gene of this family was localized at 2q13-q14.2. A maximum LOD score of 3.22 (?=0.00) was obtained with the microsatellite marker D2S363. Haplotype analysis placed the novel locus within a 8.4cM region interval defined by markers D2S1888 and 2S2224. DNA sequencing of coding regions and exon/intron boundaries of a candidate gene PAX8 in this interval did not reveal disease-causing mutation in this family. Conclusion A novel DFNA locus was defined in a Chinese Neimeng family.

Objective To investigate the etiology of papular urticaria: is it caused only by arthropod-like insects-bite allergy, or by multiple factors such as food allergy, disturbance of gastrointestinal function and infection? Methods We searched, by computer and manually, the foreign and domestic literature related to the etiology of papular urticaria published since 1950s, and according to the methods of evidence-based medicine, systematically evaluated the evidence supporting either the insect-bite theory or the multiple factor theory. Results Twenty-nine articles ( 22 English and 7 Chinese ) supported the theory of hypersensitivity to bites from certain insects such as mosquitoes, gnats, fleas, mites, bedbugs etc. Two articles in Chinese mentioned the possibilities other than insect-bite, but the reliability was unconvincing, because the authors did not present the source of data or statistical methods used in the articles. The evidence from epidemiology, histopathology, laboratory and clinical researches all supported the insects-bite theory. No proven evidence was found supporting other aetiological hypotheses. Conclusion Our results suggest that papular urticaria is caused only by the allergy to stings or bites of arthropods, and other hypotheses still lack convincing evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between C-erbB-2 and angiogenesis of breast cancer and its clinical significance.METHODS: The expression of C-erbB-2,VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) and MVD(microvessel density) in breast cancer tissues were detected by two-step immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: For the 50 breast cancer specimens,the positive rate was 44 %(22/50) for C-erbB-2 vs.64%(32/50) for VEGF,and the MVD value was 25.96?11.59.The positive expression rates of C-erbB-2 and VEGF and MVD value in patients with lymph node metastasis of breast cancer were all higher than in those without lymph node metastasis of breast cancer(P0.05).C-erbB-2 expression was positively correlated with VEGF expression(P

Objective The effect of leech injection on experimental therombus formation in rats was studied. Methods The method of common carotid artery-external jugular vein by accessory pathway in rats was used. leech injection to observe its antithrombotic effect. At the same, related indecex were assessed. Results The leech injection inhibited the formation of experimental thrombus obviously and reduced aggregation of plate]et and adhesiveness of platelet. Conclusion It is suggested that leech injection has the effect of antithrombosis formation.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of G CSF on lungs of rats with acute cholangitis and changes in blood TNF and TXA 2/PGI 2 by treating the rats with G CSF. Methods Seventy two Wistar rats were randomized into the control, infected and treated groups. We established the model of cholangitis in the rats with injection of E. coli 25922 into the bile duct. The animals in the treated group were pretreated with G CSF 500 ng/day bid) for 5 days before the E. coli injection. The levels of blood TNF and TXA 2/PGI 2 were measured at the 3rd, 6th and 12th h after the injection. Meanwhile, the morphological changes in lungs of the rats were observed. Results The morphological changes in lungs were milder and levels of blood TNF and TXA 2/PGI 2 were significantly lower in the treated group than in the infected one (P

Objective To explore the value of transvaginal color doppler ultrasound(TVS) in the differential diagnosis of endom-etrial hyperplasia(EH) and endometrial cancer(EC) .Methods The clinical data concerning TVS in 48 patients with EH and 37 pa-tients with EC were reviewed retrospectively ,then we compared the ultrasonic diagnosis with the pathological diagnosis to observe the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis .Results In 48 patients with EH ,the inspection results of 44 cases were accordant with the pathological diagnosis .The rest of 4 cases were misdiagnosed by TVS as EC before operation ,and the accurate rate is 91 .67% (44/48);In 37 patients with EC ,the checking results of 34 cases were consistent with the pathological diagnosis . The rest of 3 cases were misdiagnosed by TVS as endometrial atypical hyperplasia ,and the accurate rate is 91 .89% (34/37) .Con-clusion TVS has diagnostic significance in the differential diagnosis of EH and EC .