Carvedilol is a novel β-receptor blocker with vasodilative and potent antioxidative effects. It may inhibit the activation of transduction factors induced by oxygen radicals, block the gene expression in cardiac remodeling, and decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It is reported that carvedilol may reduce the in vivo oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and auto-antibody titre of antioxidant and increase the antioxidative capacity of LDL. Carvedilol and its metabolite BM-910228 may inhibit the inotropic response induced by oxygen radicals. Carvedilol may provide cardiac protection in acute myocardial ischemia and improve cardiac function, reduce the mortality rate of heart failure.

Objective To understand the perception of health status in people with prehypertension. Methods Using the phenomenological method, 15 people with prehypertension were interviewed; the interview results were analyzed deeply. Results Five themes were extracted about health status:obscured perception about prehypertension and hypertension;absence of noticeable symptoms;necessity to change life-style, but lack of effective health self-management; many factors hindering effective health self-management; desire for professional help. Conclusions Perception of health status in people with prehypertension indicated deficiencies in health self-management. What they need were accessible professional support and intervention program that pay attention to people′s health belief and behavioral motivation.

Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease( CD)and ulcerative colitis( UC),is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease and its etiology has not yet been clarified. Studies showed that intestinal microbiota disorder is closely associated with the development and progression of IBD. Currently,fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)is considered as a special organ transplantation and used in treatment of IBD,Clostridium difficile infection, irritable bowel syndrome,metabolic syndrome,etc. This article reviewed the relationship between FMT and IBD.

Warfarin is widely used as one of the coumarins anticoagulation drugs in the clinical.Every physician has been disturbed by its narrow therapic index and bleeding complications.It is a difficult thing for the doctor to use it rationally.However,recently,with the rapid development of molecule biology,some research find that gene polymorphism of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics cause the individual variability in drug response.In this review,we focus on the latest development in pharmacogenomics of warfarin at home and abroad in order to give some suggestions for the individual use of warfarin.

Objective To verify the linear range of WBC measured by CD3700 hematocyte counter. Methods The high-valued specimen was prepared with the enriched white coat,and diluted as a series of concentrations of specimens with the physiological saline. Every specimen was measured for twice,and the sequence of specimens was random. And the Grubbsper test, polynomial regression anal-ysis,and random error estimation were performed. Results There is no outlier in the test results. Re-gression analysis showed it displayed linear in the range of 0 to 219 × 109/L,and the random error was within the allowable limit of our laboratory. Conclusion The linear range of WBC measured by CD3700 hematoeyte counter is coincident to what the manufacturer claims.

Objective To discuss the characteristics of ultrasonic images obtained by color Doppler per rectum after intrarectal pouring and the advantages of this method.Methods 40 cases who were diagnosed as rectal carcinoma prior to surgeries were investigated.The rectum was cleand and then was poured with normal saline before examination.Color Doppler ultrasonography per rectum was performed with intrarectal probe touching the inferior edge of the tumor.The 2-dimensional images and color Doppler images were then analyzed.Results The accurate typing of rectal tumors(detailedly,the ulcerative,intumescent,and confined types)can be obtained with this method.Within the 40 cases,24 were ulcerative,12 were intumescent and 4 were confined.Only one case with ulcerative tumor was misdiagnosed as intumescent.The total accuracy rate was 97.5%.As with rectal tumors less than 5cm,there was no significant difference between the measurement by ultrasonography and that by pathologic methods (P＞0.05).While for tumors larger than 5cm,the measurement by ultrasonography was significantly different from that by pathologic methods (P＜0.05).There was no significant correlation between the bloodstream signal of color Doppler and pathological grading(P＞0.05).The method can be applied for patients who have a narrow rectal duct or are suffering from agonies which prevent the passage of the colonoscope.For cases failing to detect the margin and surface of the tumor with routine method,or ultrasonic probe failing to pass the confined area leading to illegible 2-dimensional images,This method is competent as well.Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasonography per rectum after intrareetal pouring can be applied for the diagnosis of rectal tumors of all types.

Objective To evaluate medium-term results in critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients undergoing endovascularly revascularization based on concepts of angiosomes.Methods Clinical data were reviewed on 612 CLI patients who had isolated below-the-knee (BTK)lesions and were treated by endovascular technology from June 2006 to May 2012.Following the angiosome model of perfusion,286 patients (357 limbs)were treated by directly revascularizing the feeding artery.326 patients (455 limbs)were treated by revascularizing non-feeding artery to improve perfusion to ulcer indirectly.Primary endpoints included ulce-healing rate as of 3 months,amputation-free survival( AFS),freedom from major amputation (FFMA) and recurrence rate of CLI.Results During follow-up(mean,24 ± 18 months),ulce-healing rate during 3 months of direct treatment group was obviously higher than that of indirect group (82.4％ vs.66.4％,X2 =26.16,P ＜0.05).The fourth year AFS was 48％ ±5％ vs.37％ ±6％,t =3.44,P ＜0.05,and the fourth year FFMA was 73％ ±4％ vs.58％ ±3％,t =4.61,P ＜0.05.In recurrence rate of CLI,there wasn't significant difference between direct group and indirect group(42％ ±5％ vs.45％ ±6％,t =- 0.64,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Following the angiosome model of perfusion,direct revascularizing the feeding artery of CLI patients can obviously improve ulcer-healing rate during 3 months,medium-term AFS and FFMA.

Objective: To study chemical constituents of Cudrania tricuspidata . Method: The 80% ethanolic extract of Cudrania tricuspidata was analyzed by column chromatography of silica gel and Sephadex LH 20. Result: Six compounds were extracted from the ethanolic extract part. Conclusion: They were elucidated as syringaresinol, schizandrin, gomisin A, gomisin H, ? sitosterol and ? sitosterol 3 O ? D glucopyranoside respectively. Among them, syringaresinol, schizandrin, gomisin A, gomisin H were obtained from this species for the first time.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of inhaling penehyelidine hydyoehloride(PHC)in reducing pulmonary arterial pressure and improving lung funetion in patients with acute exaeerbation of ehronie obstruetive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods Sixty patients with AECOPD were randomly divided into the control group(30 patients) and the treatment group(30 patients).The patients in treatment group inhaled PHC,and patients in control group inhaled diprophylline.The pulmonary arterial pressure was measured before and after inhalation.The peak expiratory flow(PEF) and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)was measured at different time points before and after inhalation. Arterial blood gas and,symptoms were also observed.Results The pulmonary arterial pressure in treatment group was reduced by 20% and reduced by 5% in the control group.FEV1 and PEF were improved after inhalation,the average increase of FEV1 was 350 ml(P＜0.01),and PEF was improved by 37 L/min(P＜0.05).Arterial blood gas analysis was improved,and PaO_2 increased by 18 mmHg(P＜0.01).The respiratory rate and the symptoms of cough and sputum were also improved.Conclusion PHC improved the lung function of patients with AECOPD by reducing the pulmonary arterial pressure.

In this paper, the relationship between the deacetylating degree of chitin and chitosan content was discussed and explained. And put forward a calculating formula between them.