The influence of individual vitamin on immunity has been described before. In this report, the comprehensive effect of vitamin A, E, riboflavin, pyridoxine and folic acid on the immune response was studied in the BALB/C mice. Animals were divided into five groups:control group, one-third requirement group, double requirement group, triple requirement group and restored group (feeding insufficient diet for six weeks, and then normal diet for another two weeks). The results showed that the percentages of the peripheral blood T cell, Tu cell were diminished significantly in the deficient group in comparison to controls, on the contrast, those in double and triple requirement groups increased obviously, and also did the restored group supplemented normally but no difference in the percentage of Ty in all groups. The study also showed a positive correlation between the relative, absolute thymic weight and the percentage of the peripheral blood T cell. The changes stated above of the peripheral blood T cell and its sub-populations are partially owing to the abnormality of the thymic tissue, but the distribution of lymphocyte shouldn't be neglected. The study found the plaque forming cells (PFC) of spleen, aud the ratio of 3H-thymidine incorporating into splenic lymphocyte after exposure to ConA, PHA and LPS in vitro were increased significantly in double and triple requirement groups; but with the vitamin complex under supply, the former was requced significantly, the latter was comparable to the controls. The PFC increased markedly and no difference with the double group after insufficient animals fed normal diet for two weeks. It is therefore not surprising that the vitamin complex plays a special role in the differentiation and maturation of PFC. According to the study, the vitamin complex may influence the growth of lymphoid tissue, the differentiation and maturation of immunocompetent cells and functional manifestation by mainly affecting the contents of cAMP, cGMP of lymphocyte, and the metabolism of nucleic acid and protein.

Objective:Comparing the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in decidua tissue and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(sTNFR1) in serum of normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion mice to probe the relationship between TNFR1 and unexplained spontaneous abortion.Methods:The abortion-prone CBA?DBA/2 mating was established as the model of spontaneous abortion and nonabortion-prone CBA?BALB/c matings were used as the model of normal pregnancy.Immunohistochemistry method(SABC) was employed to detect the expression of TNFR1 in decidua tissue at the day 9 of gestation.The level of sTNFR1 in serum at the same time was determined by ABC-ELISA.Results:Compared with normal pregnancy model,the expression of TNFR1 in decidua tissue of spontaneous abortion was significantly increased (P

Objective To analyze and compare the HBV DNA contents in serum and breast milk after injection of hepatitis B im‐munoglobulin (HBIG) in different periods of pregnant and lying‐in women to provide the experimental basis for blocking the mater‐nal‐neonatal transmission(PMTCT) and breast feeding scheme .Methods 140 pregnant women carrying hepatitis B virus with HB‐sAg(+ ) by antenatal examination in the obstetric outpatient department of our hospital from June 2012 to June 2014 were selected and divided into the research group and the control group according to the voluntary and secretive principle .Among them ,75 cases in the research group were intramuscularly injected by high titer HBIG 200 U at 28 ,32 ,36 weeks of pregnancy ,while 65 cases in the control group were injected by HBIG at the end of pregnancy due to different causes .Serum HBV‐DNA content before injection and before delivery was detected in the two groups ,and which in neonatal serum and breast milk within 3-5 d also detected .The differences and correlation between the two groups were analyzed .Results The HBV‐DNA content <500 copies/mL ,500-1 × 106 copies/mL ,>1 × 106 copies/mL before HBIG injection in the research group were 28 cases ,17 cases ,30 cases respectively ,which before delivery were 35 cases ,20 cases ,20 cases respectively ;which in antenatal twice detection in the control group were 19 cases , 21 cases ,25 cases and 20 cases ,17 cases ,28 cases respectively ;neonatal serum HBV‐DNA positive in the research group and control group had 1 case(5 .3% ) and 5 cases (7 .7% ) respectively ;the breast milk HBV‐DNA positive in the two groups had 3 cases(4% )/and 8 cases(12 .3% ) respectively .Conclusion HBIG injection at late pregnancy in the pregnant women carrying HBV could influ‐ence the HBV replication ,thus reduces the probability of neonatal intrauterine infection ,at the same time reduces the HBV‐DNA positive rate of postpartum breast milk .

The first case of Hurthle cell tumor of the thyroid gland(HCT) was described in the literature a century ago. Since then, researches of HCT have been progressing from cellular to molecular level. We reviewed the literatures about HCT researching, with emphasis on differentiated diagnosis of benign and malignant HCT.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify premorbid personality, depression and disturbing behaviors to provide information for developing nursing interventions for the pre-demented and mild demented elderly living as residents of their community. METHOD: The survey was conducted through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire in J city. Among the subjects contacted, 89 made appropriate replies to the survey. RESULT: The subjects' disturbing behaviors were significantly related to premorbid personality and depression. The predictors to disturbing behaviors of the pre-demented elderly were sex, extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness. The predictors to disturbing behaviors of the mild demented elderly were agreeableness, depression, sex, conscientiousness, and extroversion. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, disturbing behaviors of pre-demented elderly and mild demented elderly are affected not only by their premorbid personality but also by their depression. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage and respond to them with understanding their disturbing, behaviors in relation to their premorbid personality. In addition. it is important to maintain positive emotion in order to reduce their disturbing behaviors.
Aged* ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Humans ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

AIM: To examine the 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity and the peritoneal pathological changes when using commercially dialysates in order to reveal effects of the peritoneal dialysate biocompatibility on the immune function and morphological changes. METHODS: (1) CAPD animal models were made using dialysates. (2) Dynamic measurements of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity were made by paper chromatography. (3)The pathological changes of the peritoneal mesothelial cells were examined by light microscope. RESULTS: 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activities in both experimental (dialysis solution groups) and control group were increased and the mesothelial cell began to exfoliate and become thicker with the infiltration of inflammatory cells at different degrees in the experimental groups, while in the Baxter group, no active inflammation was observed. When the peritoneal dialysis stopped, activity of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase began to be normal in control group and continued to decline in experimental groups.CONCLUSION: Prolonged immune suppression existed with long-term peritoneal dialysis, causing pathological changes of the peritoneum at certain degrees. Different dialysis solutions resulted in different degrees of immuno-supression and peritoneal damages, which was relevant to the biological compatibility of the peritoneal dialysate.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated currents. Methods Hippocampal neurons were prepared from newborn Wistar rats and cultured for 8-12 days. Whole cell currents were recorded using patch-clamp technique and cells were voltaged-clamped at - 80 mV. 100 ?mol?L-1 NMDA and 3 or 48 ?g?ml-1 propofol were applied with a multi-pipe ejection system. GABAA receptor was then blocked with 100 ?mol?L-1 bicuculline to investigate the effect of propofol on NMDA receptor without the influence of GABAA receptor.Results Run-down of INMDA induced by 100 ?mol?L-1 NMDA applied to neurons which were cultured for 8-12 days was 15%?8%. Propofol 3 or 48 ?g?ml-1 significantly inhibited spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and elicited a Cl- -mediated response by direct activation of GABAA receptor in the absence of GABA. therefore produced a reversible inhibition of whole cell currents activated by NMDA. After the GABAA receptor was blocked by 100 ?mol?L-1 bicuculine propofol still inhibited NMDA currents slightly. Conclusion Propofol inhibits the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor mainly through activation of GABAA receptor. It can also directly suppress the NMDA receptor slightly.

Objective To investigate the vaginal flora characteristics,clinical symptoms and signs of lactating women 6-8 weeks after delivery and the influence factors.Methods Two hundred and twenty-three puerpera 6-8 weeks after delivery who went to outpatient department of Peking University First Hospital for postpartum review (study group) and 200 normal non-pregnant women (control group) from April to May,2010 were enrolled into this study.All in study group were evaluated by a questionnaire regarding their symptoms,sexual behavior,breast-feeding situation and delivery mode.Vaginal secretions from upper 1/3 of vagina were collected and evaluated by vaginal microbial evaluation system.Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed if Nugent score ≥ 7.Enumeration data between groups was compared by t test,and quantitative data by Chi-square test.Results The density of vaginal flora in study group was different from that of control group (x2 =96.302,P＜0.001) ; so did the flora diversity of two groups (x2 =69.871,P＜0.001).There was no difference between mean age of study group [(30.5 ± 3.9) years] and control group [(30.9 ± 2.4)years],P＞0.05.The cesarean section rate was 52.7％ (89/169),13 women (7.7％) had began their sexual behavior before interview,116 women (70.3％) took breast-feeding.Dominant bacteria in the vagina of lactating women were Gram-positive cocci (69/175,39.4％) and Gram-positive bacillus (54/175, 30.9％), which was different from control group (Gram-positive bacillus,180/189,95.2％),P＜0.001.The vaginal pH of study group was 5.0±0.5,which was higher than that (＜4.5) of control group.In study group,incidence of lower hydrogen peroxide level of vagina was 84.3 ％ (177/210) ; positive rate of sialidase was 6.7 ％ (14/210) ; positive rate of leukocyte esterase was 91.0％ (191/210).A large number of postpartum women had an abnormal Nugent score,most of them showed a state of intermediate BV (132/195,67.7％) or BV (8/195,4.1％),while a few patients had symptoms of BV (23.5％,33/140).Sexual behavior had no significant effect on postpartum vaginal flora.The proportion of abnormal vaginal flora in breast feeding mothers (74.1 ％,86/116) was significantly higher than that (57.1％,28/49) in artificial feeding mothers,P=0.034.Delivery mode also affected postpartum vaginal flora.Women underwent cesarean section were more susceptible to abnormal vaginal flora (77.5％,69/89) than those underwent vaginal delivery (57.5％,46/80),x2 =7.726,P=0.005.Conclusions Vaginal flora of postpartum women 6-8 weeks after delivery had significant difference from that of nonpregnant women.The incidence of asymptomatic abnormal vaginal flora was high.Breastfeeding and delivery mode are influence factors of abnormal vaginal flora.

Objective To investigate the radioprotective effect of genistein (GEN) on murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Methods Adult male mice were administered orally with GEN at 24 h prior to 6.0 Gy gamma irradiation. The number of CFU-F, the adherent capability of bone marrow cells (BMCs) to BMSCs adherence layer, and the expressions of cell adhesion molecules including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibronectin (Fn), and laminin (Ln) on BMSCs cultured in vitro were detected, respectively. Results The number of CFU-F, the adherent capability, the expressions of VCAM-1, Fn, and Ln on BMSCs cultured in vitro in GEN-pretreated mice were higher and recovered more rapidly than those in mice without GEN-pretreatment. Light microscopy revealed that there was no significant difference in morphology of BMSCs in both groups after irradiation injury. Conclusion These observations suggest that radioprotective properties associated with GEN are largely a consequence of the reduction of damage, the induction of cell proliferation, and the promotion of adherent capability recovery in recipient mice. These changes may ultimately ameliorate bone marrow microenvironment and therefore accelerate the rebuilding of hematopoietic system after irradiation injury.

Objective To study the imageological findings and the evolution of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis(PAM). Methods The clinical and imageological information of 3 siblings suffering from PAM were collected, and their imageological findings and changes in follow-up plain radiographs were analyzed retrospectively. Results On chest radiographs, the typical “sandstorm” pattern was shown in all 3 cases. The severity and extent of microliths and interstitial fibrosis were increased with age and clinical course by comparing with the radiographs 24 years ago. On conventional CT, bilateral diffuse micronodules in parenchyma were demonstrated with pulmonary window in 3 cases, concentrating in the subpleural zones of middle and lower lung fields and the areas around bronchovascular bundles. All were associated with various degrees of fibrosis. The nodules and calcifications were visible in both lungs with mediastinal window, forming so-called flame sign and white line sign in the concentrated areas. The extents and degrees of the microliths, small cysts and interstitial fibrosis were revealed more clearly and truly on HRCT. MRI showed diffusely increased signal intensity on T 1WI and lower signal intensity on T 2WI in both lung fields. Conclusion The chest radiograph was still an initial modality in detecting the disease. CT could comprehensively reveal the pathological status of the PAM and played a decisive role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. MRI had only limited value in evaluating the condition.