China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Tobacco Use Cessation ; methods ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; World Health Organization

Breast cancer stem cells comprise a sub-population, which enables the capacity for self-renewal and the potentiality for differentiation and high tumorigenicity. Growing evidence suggests that breast cancer stem cells most likely contribute to tumor generation, progression, relapse, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Herein, the recent advances in breast cancer stem cells were highlighted in this review.

Objective To explore some features of the sonographic appearance of recurrent and revival pheochromoeytoma (PHEO) in order to get some references in the clinical diagnosis.Methods To compare sonograms of 10 patients with recurrent and revival PHEO with sonograms of 60 cases(contrast group)with unrecurrent and unrevival PHEO in the same period.Results There was significant difference between the two groups and contrast group(G=9.475,P=0.002).However there was no significance in the incidence of malignant PHEO between recurrent and revival one(P>0.05).The echo of tumor:complex echo 2 cases,purely solid hypoecho 5 cases and hffperecho 1 case.Conclusions The tumor with recurrent and revival PHEO could have potential malignancy,the PHEO at the extra-adrenal often showed a phenomenon of recurrence,and the malignant PHEO appeared the multiple character.

Background and purpose:Aurora-A is a member of serine/threonine kinase family. The abnormal expression of Aurora-A induces tumorigenesis and radioresistance. This study was aimed to investigate the association of Aurora-A with radioresistance. Methods: Capan-1 cells were treated with Aurora-A kinase inhibitor, and then used to test cell proliferation, anchorage independent assay, cell cycle, and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Treated cells were also used to detect cell apoptosis afterγ-irradiation. Results:Cell growth and colony number in soft agar were decreased after treatment with Aurora-A inhibitor. Treatment of cells with Aurora-A inhibitor also down-regulated the expression of Cyclin D1, CDK2 and CDK6 to induce cell cycle arrest at G1/S and G2/M phases, but promoted cell apoptosis afterγ-irradiation. Conclusion:Treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with Aurora-A kinase inhibitor blocks cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, and promotes sensitivity of cells to radiation. Thus, Aurora-A may be used as one of therapeutic targets to increase the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer radiotherapy.

With the expanding of ultrasonic applications, the development of ultrasonic surgical equipment has become a focus in related fields. Ultrasonic horn system is an important component of surgical equipment,and the horn resonance properties directly affect the technical performance of ultrasonic surgical equipment. In this paper, a number of tuning and matching methods appeared in recent years are discussed, and the advantages and problems are analyzed. On the basis, foreground of the research is prospected.

This paper presents the situation of secrecy management at colleges and universities,and analyzes the reasons for the inadequacy of capability in this aspect.From the perspective of PAEI management roles,we point out the solutions to improve the capability include strengthening leaderships,targeting,building system,managing risks and raising awareness of secrecy.

Object To investigate the synthesis of alkaloids by cell suspension cultures of Datura metel L. Methods Cultured cells derived from leaves of D. metel were m aintained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. The effects of different c arbohydrated, different inoculum sizes, and different pH values of medium as aff ecting facters on cell growth and alkaloid formation were studied. Re sults The optimum carbohydrate was sucrose, inoculum size (1.5 - 2. 0 g/L) for fresh weight and initial pH values (5.5-6.0) of the medium were benefit for cell growth and alkaloid synthesis in the suspension cultures. The synthesis of alk aloids was improved when exogenous phenylalanine added to the culture. Conclusion Suspension-cultured cells of D. metel c an be used to synthesize alkaloids.

As a major venue of scientific research activities,medical colleges and institutes are also an importance source of providing highly trained medical talents.With the medical education reform deepen,scientific research is now becoming the focus point of exploring the social aspect of medicine.Taking one military medical university as example,this paper demonstrated four specific measures for managing social sciences research in medical colleges.

By combining WGA-HRP retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical methods,the characteristics of the vasopressin(VP)-like immunoreactive neurons, which project to the posterior pituitary were studied. They were located subependymally, and predominately along:(1) the dorsal wall of the third ventricle at the preoptic area and posterior magnocellular paraventricular nucleus levels, (2) the ventral wall of the third ventricle at the suprachiasmatic nucleus level, and (3) at the floor of the third ventricle. Four types of the cells could be distinguished. They were found to squeeze in between the ependymal cells, bring themselves very close to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),or to be situated in the subependymal layer, sending some of their processes into the ependyma. The double labelled neurons were also detected subpially in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the retrochiasmatic nucleus. A large number of dendrites from the neurons in the SON extended toward the CSF in the subarachnoidspace. In summary, the VP-like immunoreactive neurons which projected to the posterior pituitary were very close to the CSF. It is, therefore, proposed that these neurons may monitor changes in the CSF and adjust the secretion of VP in the posterior pituitary. They may also release VP directly into the CSF.

The periventricular oxytocin(OXT)-immunoreactive neurons of the 3 third ventricle in the rat were studied under electron microscope by using pre-embedding PAP immunocytochemistry. Special attention was payed to the relationship between OXT-containing neurons and ependymal cells and the synaptic architecture of these neurons in the periventricular neuropil. The results revealed that the positively immunostained cell bodies and larger, dendrites of neurons were just beneath ependyma and contacted directly with ependymal cells. Typical Gray Ⅰ type or untypical axon-dendrite synapses were found between the immunolabelled neurons and unlabelled axon terminals. A cross section of a immunoreactive process was seen on the luminal surface of ependymal cells in one case. In the subependymal neuropil many synapses formed by OXT-immunoreactive dendrites and non-immunoreactive axon terminals which contained different kinds of synaptic vesicles were encountered. It is suggested that the subependymal neurons may be important in signal integation between cerebrospinal fluid and neuronal inputs. It is also possible that the subependymal neurons may release peptides,i, e. oxytocin into CSF.