This article introduced the recognitions of the ovigin and development of phlegm and fluid-retention by ancient Chinese and Japanese doctors,as well as the formation of phlegm,the idenfification,and the treatment based on syndrome differentiation.Chinese and Japanese doctors enriched the understanding of phlegm together with the therapeutic methods.

Medical insurance system is good for fair distribution and disposition, dealing with relationships between social benefits and economic benefit, as well as fair implementation on both doctors and patients' intersets, so that it benefits medical moral fairness.

Military medical ethics is a famous theory abroad and have drawn controversy.We should enhance the study of the subject.Understanding the principle and the difficulties is the premise for the study of the theory.

Objective: To analysis the finding of never conduction velocity(NCV) in patients with ALS and investigate the clinical significance of NCV. Methods: Keypoint was applied to estimate the NCV of median,ulnar,tibial,peroneal in 106patients with ALS and 123healthy volunteers,in which sunface electrodes was used for both stimulating and recording. Results: SCV of median and MCV of median,ulnar,peroneal in patient group was a significant difference as compared with the normal subjects;A significant difference was noted in all latency except sensory fiber of median.A significant differencence of compound muscle action potential amplitude of medial,ulnar,tibial was noted in two groups. Conclusion: NCV in patients with ALS could show abnormal slowing,so the valuation for differentiation of NCV is not so good as the clinical signs and the distribution of electromyographic abnormalities.

This paper was to discuss the case analysis method for teaching basic theory of TCM. First, it is found that case analysis can help improve learning interest of students and develop their abilities of thinking and analysis. Secondly, it can play a solid foundation for students to study the following professional basic courses and help them gain the interest of other courses, and understand the continuous knowledge of TCM. Finally, it benefited teachers to develop their ability of teaching and clinical practice.

The physical feature of gallbladder is gallbladder qi dominating ascending, which has two meanings, one is gallbladder dominates ascending of Yang qi, and the other is gallbladder has the nature of dispersing stagnated qi.Gallbladder has the physical features of gallbladder qi dominating ascending and bile dominating decending. The opposite movement of ascending and descending conforms to Yin and Yang theory in Chinese medicine.

BACKGROUND: Effect of metabolic disorders after kidney transplantation on prognosis, especially new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT), has aroused concerns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for NODAT in renal transplant recipients, thus providing reference for identifying high-risk patients and taking active prevention measures. METHODS: Clinical data of 365 patients undergoing allograft renal transplantation were analyzed retrospectively. According to whether NODAT occurred or not, all the patients were assigned to NODAT (n=71) and non-NODAT (n=294) groups. The independent risk factors for NODAT were determined using univariate and non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cumulative incidence of NODAT in renal transplant recipients within year postoperatively was 19.45%. Non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 45 years old, body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2, family history of diabetes mellitus and acute rejection were associated with NODAT in renal transplant recipients. To conclude, the age, family history of diabetes mellitus, high body mass index and acute rejection can increase the incidence of NODAT in renal transplant recipients.

Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of high- and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of post-stroke motor dysfunction. Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of post-stroke motor dysfunction treated by rTMS were searched on Pubmed, EMbase, MEDLININE, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database on disc (CBMdisc) from January 2001 to December 2011. Meta-analysis was conducted for the literatures met the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 10 RCTs and 496 patients were included, 273 patients were treated with rTMS, 223 were treated with placebo rTMS or used as blank controls. Eight of the RCTs were effectiveness studies, 2 were safety studies. Circled digit oneSix RCTs evaluated with Barthel Index (BI) showed that motor function improvement in the rTMS group was better than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant. The mean difference (MD) of the score was -11.17 (95% CI -13.84 to -8.50) before and after treatment. Three RCTs showed that the improvement of Fugl-Meyer score in the rTMS group was better than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (MD = -7.61, 95% CI - 10.79 to -4.43). Circled digit twoThe results of 4 RCTs using the low frequency rTMS (1 Hz) showed that the improvement of BI in the rTMS group was better than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (MD = -9.28, 95% CI -10.32 to -8.24); 2 RCTs using high frequency rTMS (1 Hz) also showed that the improvement of BI in the rTMs group was better than that in the control group (MD = -21.42, 95% CI -29.69 to -13.15). Circled digit threeTwo RCTs for adverse reactions showed that there was no difference between the rTMs group and the control group (risk ratio [RR] = 0.75, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.36). The main adverse events reported in the 2 RCTs were headache, anxiety, weakness, and tingling. There were no seizures. Conclusion: Both low- and high-frequency rTMS may promote the recovery of motor function for patients with post-stroke motor dysfunction, both of them are safe and effective.

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common health problem of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, and is characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal mucosal linings. In recent years, tissue remodeling has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis, and furthermore transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) may play a pivotal role in this progress. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the roles of tissue remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis, therefore to offer reference to the research and help to make diagnosis and give treatment for this disease.
Airway Remodeling ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

This paper presents a motion rehabilitation-training instrumentfor stroke patients.Taking linear motion mode and circinal motion mode as training trajectory. we are aimed to help patients to accomplish nerve rehabilitation according to preset motion trajectory. Rehabilitation-training instrument takes pneumatic artificial muscle as a motion driver.Pneumatic artificial muscle has the following characteristics,such as,light weight,strong power,good flexibility,safety in use, easiness and cleanliness in source, etc. and it is suitable for rehabilitation medical treatment.The compression of gas,the nonlinearity of pneumatic artificial muscle and the existence of inherent hysteresis in the joint make the driving joint position in pneumatic artificial muscle be poor controlled and the response time be delayed,and thereby,the trajectory planning problem will be influenced directly.Therefore,we adopts proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller by neural network to control the position of pneumatic artificial muscle.