Neurodegenerative diseases are complex nervous system disorders as a result of myelin damage,synapses loss and/ or neuron loss. The pathogenesis of these diseases is still not completely clear. Protein kinases play an important role in both normal nerve cells and neurodegenerative disorders. lnhibitors of protein kinases can effectively regulate the physiological function of nerve cells and prevent the development and progression of the disease. This article reviews protein kinases and their inhibitors involved in Alzheimer disease,Parkinson disease,Huntington disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To observe the protective effect of high expression of mouse proxisome proliferator activated receptor γ1（PPARγ1）on free fatty acid （FFA）-induced βTC3 cell impairment. Methods The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/PPARγ1 was generated with cloning and was stably transfected into pancreatic β TC3 cells. The expression was detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Then the cell viability of wild βTC3 cells was compared with that of the βTC3 cells with high expressed PPARγ1 by MTT viability assay after they were exposed to high-level FFA for 48 hours. Results The sequencing results for amplified target gene showed that the sequence of PPARγ1 from Chinese Kunming mouse is similar to that of mouse PPARγ1 in Genebank, only the codon coding Asp at the site of 421 amino acid changed from AAU to AAC. PPARγ1 was efficiently expressed in βTC3 cells in vitro. The cell viability of wild βTC3 cells reduced after being exposed to high-level FFA for 48 hours（P< 0.01）. Higher the level of FFA was, more obvious the reduction of the cell viability was （r=-0.962, P<0.01）. However, at the same condition, the cell viability of the βTC3 cells high expressing PPARγ1 had no significant change（P>0.05）. Conclusion The high expression of PPARγ1 could protect βTC3 cells from FFA-induced impairment

Seventy-two patients with bile reflux gastritis weretreated with metoclopramide injection into Zusanli (ST 36), compared with oral Metoclopramide in 45 cases. The total effective rate were 93.1% and 77.8%, respectively. There was a significant difference (P<0.01)between two groups.

BACKGROUND:As a new kind of bone repair material, NovaBone has a unique biological activity and good biocompatibility. It has a good binding role in the clinical repair of bone defects, so as to effectively promote the bonding of soft tissue and bone tissue.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of NovaBone in the repair of bone defects due to limb fractures.
METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with bone defects due to limb fractures were enroled, 37 males and 30 females, aged 17-81 years. Al the patients underwent NovaBone repair. Three days after repair, routine blood test, heart and kidney function, serum complement C3, complement C4, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M were detected; 12 months after repair, X-ray observation was performed for bone graft fusion effect.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients presented with stage I healing, and there was no incision infection, rejection or non-specific inflammation. Patients felt no discomfort or developed symptoms in the bone graft region. Laboratory indexes showed no abnormity. At 12 months after treatment, bony union was seen in al patients, and there was 1 case of nonunion, 1 case of possible nonunion, 2 cases of uncertain nonunion, 33 cases of possible union, 30 cases of strong union, with a bone fusion rate of 94%. These findings suggest that NovaBone materials for repair of bone defect due to limb fractures have good biocompatibility and obtain good clinical effect.

The abnormalities of retinal vessels such as retinal arteriolar narrowing,arteriovenous nicking,micro-aneurysms,retinal hemorrhages,and cotton wool spot are closely related to systemic diseases including hypertension,diabetes mellitus,cardiovascular disorders,stroke and renal diseases.The modern retinal vessels examination technology has features of quick noninvasive,quantitative standardized and intelligent analysis.Taking advantage of these to fully discover the retinal vascular abnormalities and get deeper understanding of the relationship between its' mechanism and systemic vascular diseases is not only helpful to better diagnose and treat retinal vascular diseases,but also contributes to predicting the risk and prognosis of systemic diseases.We suggest emphasizing on the study of correlation between retinal vascular abnormalities and systemic vascular diseases using modern retinal vessels examination technology.It will provide the preventive clue of diseases of circulatory system by finding out the retinopathy.Meanwhile,correctly treating systemic diseases would get a better prognosis of the retinopathy.They exist side by side and play a part together for providing a better prognosis,which would be a new direction for the doctors and scientists in the new era.

AIM:To optimize the extraction process of tannins from Galla Chinensis. METHODS: Using of HPLC to assay tannins hydrolysis, gallic acid as the content index was analyzed by HPLC, the optimum extraction condition consisted of extraction temperature, the size of material, the solvent extraction times and the extraction time by orthogonal test design. RESULTS: The best condition of extraction process was 10 times the volume of water, extracted three times, 9 hours each time. CONCLUSION: The optimized process is feasible for the extraction of tannins.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution,epidemic trend and transition of drugs′ sensitivity about the pathogenic bacteria of children′s urinary tract infection(UTI) in the past 8 years in the local area.METHODS The medical records of 391 UTI cases which were hospitalized in our hospital and confirmed as UTI through urine culture from 2000 to 2007,were reviewed and the clinical features were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 402 pathogenic bacteria were determined.Gram-negative bacilli were predominant,accounted for 72.9%,and Escherichia were the most commonly found(34.4%).Gram-positive cocci accounted for 27.1%,including 12.9% of Staphylococcus and 10.4% of Enterococcus.The proportion of Escherichia,Klebsiella and Enterococcus was increased year by year.Gram-negative bacilli had a high resistance rate to ampicillin and 1st to 4th generation cefalosporins and a low resistance rate to piperacillin/tazobactam.Gram-positive cocci had a high resistance rate to ampicillin and erythromycin and a low resistance rate to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin.In the past 8 years,the resistance rate to most of the antibacterial agents has been increased,especially ampicillin and cephalosporins.Only piperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin maintained high antibacterial activities.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacilli are the major pathogens in pediatric UTI,and Gram-positive cocci appear to be increasing.Ampicillin should not to be chosen commonly.The observation of variation of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance is of great importance.

According to the national residency training regulations in the teaching of clinical and scientific research, the department of thoracic surgery of First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University has used seminar teaching , and has collected random sampling survey questionnaire of 110 students participating in seminar from September 2014 to March 2016. The investigation shows that through seminar teaching training, doctors will cultivate their clinical and research ability, and enhance their self-confidence. Therefore, the application of seminar teaching in department of thoracic surgery is helpful to improving the quality of clinical teaching and is worthy of further improvement and promotion.

OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous extracts of Sophorae tonkinensison. METHODS: The auricle edema was induced by xylene in the mice to measure the swelling of ear; the experimental peritonitis of mice and scytitis of rats were induced to measure the absorbability of the effusion. The ear swelling and capillary permeab-ility in drug-treated group was compared with those in the normal control group and hydrocortisone-intervented model group.RESULTS: Mice's swelling induced by xylene was lessened by aqueous extracts of Sophorae tonkinensison(high or med-ium dose), which also showed remarkable inhibitory effects on the experimental peritonitis of mice and scytitis of rats (P