AIM: The differentiation theory on kidney turbidity is used to recognize the relevant characters of Alzheimer disease. METHODS: The analysis is carried on the interrelationship between kidney turbidity and Alzheimer disease in the aspects of pathology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. RESULTS: It was discovered in modern neural pathological examination that in the patients with Alzheimer disease, the cerebral cortex was atrophic, the convolution becomes flat, the cerebral groove was widened, the ventricle was extended, brain weight was declined and cortical nerve cells were de creased in various degrees. All of those changes were the manifestations of kidney essence deficiency in Chinese medicine. The main mechanism on neuron loss caused by Alzheimer disease was that oxygenic free radical works on nerve neurons and induces the increased Ca2+ inner-flow. Con cerning to the theory of Chinese medicine, oxygenic free radical was taken as "kidney turbidity". In the patients with Alzheimer disease, insufficient kid ney essence resulted in malnourishment of heart. In addition, upward dis turbance of kidney turbidity and abnormality of heart mind projected the brain and affected brain function, resulting in recent memory disturbance that was the initial symptom of Alzheimer disease. CONCLUSION: Concerning to the treatment of Alzheimer disease, Chinese medicine emphasizes not only on reinforcing kidney and filling-up essence, but also rather on eliminating kidney turbidity, for which, the method of re solving turbidity and damp is applied specially.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation technology of paeonol-?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound. METHODS: The formulation technology of paeonol-?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound was optimized by performing orthogonal experiment with the amount of ?-cyclodextrin,the solid-liquid ratio (ratio of ?-cyclodextrin to paeonol alcohol solution),the concentration of the envelop liquid (alcohol) as factors and the ultrasonic time was studied by single factor test and with the utilization ratio and entrapment efficiency of paeonol as indexes for evaluation. Meanwhile,a verification test was performed. RESULTS: The optimal formulation technology was as follows: the amount of ?-cyclodextrin was 8 g;the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶3;the concentration of the alcohol was 40% and the ultrasounding time was 40 min. The verification test revealed that the labeled contents were about 90% for all samples (4 batches). CONCLUSION: The optimized formulation technology is simple and reasonable,and it is applicable for the preparation of paeonol-?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound.

Objective To establish a method of testing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by enzymatic cycling. Methods The detection system was developed on the principle of enzymatic cycling method and characteristic of LPA. The methodology was evaluated and the content of LPA was tested in 20 samples of plasma with ovarian carcinoma. Results The linearity was 18.6?mol/L and the detection limit was 0.03?mol/L. The within-run and between-run coefficient of variations were 5.3% and 7.4%, respectively. The recovery was 100.7% and there was a significant correlation with the liquid chromatography method(Y=0.953X+0.51). The reagent system was stable and different concentrations of bilirubin, hemoglobin, triglyceride, glucose, urea and ascorbate did not affect the measurement for the assay. The content of LPA in 20 samples of plasma with ovarian carcinoma was significantly higher than that in control group (P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the general patterns and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADR) induced by interferon and to provide guidance for its rational use in the clinic.METHODS:A total of 64 ADR cases induced by interferon reported in the domestic medical journals during the period 2000～2006 were collected and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The ADR induced by interferon was more often seen in patients aged 30～39 years old(35.94%),with male showing higher proportion than female(68.75% vs. 31.25%).ADR more often occurred after multiple dosing and were characteriz-ed predominantly by allergic reactions of immune system in which multiple organs or systems may be involved.CONCLUSION:Interferon should be used rationally based on indications of medication and be closely monitored to prevent and reduce the occurrence of ADR.

Objective To observe the changes of serum leptin(LP) levels and serum tumor necrosis tactor-alpha(TNF?) concentrations and to explore the relationships with fasting serum insulin levels and congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods Serum leptin and inslin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by ELISA.Body mass index(BMI),mean arterial blood pressure(MBP),fasting serum insulin(FINS),LP and TNF-alpha levels were determined in 40 patients with CHF and in 20 healthy controls matched for gender,age,BMI and MBP.The correlations between leptin and other parameters were analyzed.Results ⑴The fasting serum LP and FINS concentrations of patients with NYHA grade Ⅲ and NYHA grade Ⅳ were significantly lower as compared with the controls(P0 05).⑵The TNF alpha was higher in heart failure patients that in healthy controls(P

OBJECTIVE:To build up a method for determining the concentration of zaleplon in human plasma by HPLC. METHODS:The Kromasil-C 8 column was used and mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(65∶35);the flow rate was1.0ml/min,fluorescence excitation wave-length was233nm;fluorescence emission wave-length was460nm.RESULTS:The calibration curve revealed linearity in the concentration range of0.42～73.92ng/ml(r=0.9999)with a regressive equation of Y=1.870?147.The average recovery was99.47%.The with-day and between-day RSDs were4.9%and4.73%respec?tively.CONCLUSION:The method is accurate,reliable and highly sensitive so it can be used in study of pharmacokinetics of zaleplon.

Effects of epidural block on stress response during eardiopulmonary bypass were studied. Twenty patients, undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, were randomly divided into two groups:the control group with intravenous high-dose fentanyl and enflurane inhalation (1%-1.5%);the tested group with epidural block and enflurane inhalation (0.5%-1%). The plasma norepinephine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations were higher in group control than those in tested group during and after CPB,even at the end of operation (P

Eukaryotic cells maintain cellular homeostasis by regulating the process of protein degradation and organelle turnover.Autophagy is a ubiquitin-like degradation process,and plays an essential role in cellular development,differentiation,and elimination of damaged organelles and protein.Previous studies mostly focused autophagy on tumor and neurodegenerative diseases,whereas studies about autophagy and energy remain not clear.Since 2009,an increasing number of studies have showed light on the importance of autophagy in regulating lipid metabolism.The review focuses on the relationship between autophagy and differentiation of adipocytes,lipogenesis,and lipolysis.

Objective There are many interferences such as power interference, electrode polarization interference, myoelectricity interference, baseline drift, apparatus buzz and so on in electrocardiosignal acquisition system. It is very difficult to effectively remove these interferences in the process of actual measurement. Methods Power harmonic interference, electrode polarization interference and myoelectricity interference were removed by low-pass filter. Baseline drift was removed by high-pass filter. Power basic frequency interference was removed by 50 Hz trap filter. Results These three design proposals had such advantages as good effect, rapid speed and easy realization. Conclusion They can be well applied in ECG monitor with embedded CPU and real time character. Besides, they can also be used in medical apparatus measuring other biological electric signals and industrial observation and control system.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is known for its high malignancy and poor prognosis.Furthermore,PC patients have little chance to receive an operation,and chemotherapy is not always an ideal alternative.More effective treatment is necessary because over the last two decades,the morbidity and the mortality of PC has risen continuously.Some new PC treatments involve HER2,a transmembrane protein that has oncological significance.The amplification of its gene or over expression of itself can cause malignant proliferation,suppression of apoptosis,and angiogenesis in PC.Its potential can be seen with HER2 targeted medicines including the clinically used Trastuzumab,but also with bispecific antibody,tyrosine kinase inhibitors,and more.This article will review the application of these new developments.