Objective To study the epidemiological patterns of HIV infection prevalent in HongKong.Method The epidemiological patterns of HIV infection in HongKong were analyzed with a mathematic model SI by changing its initial condition,which was used to test the related data.Results The changeable patterns of susceptible accumulative numbers of HIV infection in HongKong and the epidemiological curves and the curve of infection velocity were obtained.Conclusion The epidemic pattern of HIV infection in Hongkong and local infection velocity from 1987 to 2004 were well described using the epidemic model SI.An accumulation of 2 733 cases of HIV infection will be predicted in the year of 2005.The epidemic peak occurred in 2002 to 2004 and the overall HIV epidemic will last for 50 years approximately.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the color doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced echocardiography(CEE)in assessment of intrapulmonary shunting in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome and HIF-1α,iNOS and portal hemodynamic.Methoods To examine the portal vein diameter and blood flow velocity by color Dop-pler,and intrapulmonary shunting by contrast-enhanced echocardiography(CEE).The expressions of HIF-1α and iNOS in serum were determined by ELISA in the normal,hepatocirrhosis amalgamating HPS and unamalgamating HPS separately.Comparison of HIF-1α and iNOS in plasma was carried out and relationship between the portal hemodynamic and the intra-pulmonary shunting was examined in three groups.Results The levels of HIF-1α and iNOS in hepatocirrhosis amalgamating HPS were higher than those in unamalgamating HPS,the diameter of portal vein dilated and the velocity of portal vein dropped,there was correlation(P＜0.05).There were positive correlation with intrapulmonary shunting.Conclusion The color doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced echocardiography (CEE)which reflected HIF-1α,iNOS and the hemodynamic played an role in developing of HPS,and was available to early examine change of intra-pulmonary vessel.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of modified Prolift pelvic floor reconstruction with improving the placement of Prolift-A in treatment of severe pelvic floor dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods From July 2008 to September 2010,170 cases with severe pelvic organ prolapse(POP) treated by modified Prolift pelvic floor reconstruction surgery in Fuzhou General Hospital were enrolled in this study.The Prolift-A was laid tension-free under the mid-urethra with the position of Prolift-A displaced from the neck of bladder to the mid-urethra.No concomitant tension-free urethra suspender via vagina was performed.Primary outcomes were assessed with POP quantitation ( POPQ) system to evaluate the postoperative anatomical replacement stage.Secondary outcome measure were:urogenital distress inventory 6 ( UDI-6),the incontinence impact questionnaire 7 ( IIQ-7 ) and the pelvic floor incontinence questionnaire 7 (PFIQ-7) to evaluate the impact on life quality at the follow-up of 1,6,12 months.Results At 6 and 12 months after surgery,168 cases and 163 cases were followed up.The anatomical cure rates were 98.8％ (166/168) at 6 months and 97.5％ (159/163) at 12 months,respectively.One case with bladder injury and 1 case with rectum injury were observed.Five cases with recurrence were observed,including 2 cases with anterior vagina prolapse,2 cases with uterine prolapse and 1 case with posterior vagina prolapse.Meanwhile,3 cases with hematoma and 7 cases with mesh erosion were observed.Quality of life of all patients were improved significantly by UDI-6,IIQ-7 and PFIQ-7 scoring system evaluation.Among 79 POP patients with SUI,the cure rate of SUI was 93.7％ (74/79).Of 5 cases with symptomatic SUI,2 cases were needed surgical intervention.Twenty-three cases were found with minimal SUI symptoms and subjective satisfaction without objective influence on quality of life.Seven patients presented dysuria after surgery,5 cases recovered urination with 10 days,1 case recovered with 1 months,and 1 case with 6 months by bladder drainage.Eleven cases with discomfort urination and 3 cases with slow urination were found.Conclusions The modified Prolift pelvic reconstructive surgery was safe and efficacy intervention in treatment of POP and prevention of SUI.

Objective: Bilberry extract can inhibit the growth of cancer cells,but its effect on cervical carcinoma is rarely reported.This study was to explore the effects of bilberry extract on the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Fas and FasL in Hela cells.Methods: We determined the apoptosis of Hela cells by Hoechst33342/PI fluorescent staining and DNA ladder and Annexin V/PI double-staining after exposed to bilberry extract at the concentrations of 0.025-25 ?g/ml for 24 hours,and the protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Fas and FasL were detected by Western blotting.Results: Obvious apoptosis-associated morphological changes and specific DNA ladder bands were observed in the Hela cells after exposed to bilberry extract at the concentrations of 0.025,0.25,2.5 and 25 ?g/ml,and the apoptosis rates of the cells were(4.13 ? 0.63)%,(5.41 ? 0.77)%,(8.74 ? 1.27)% and(12.05 ? 1.03)%,respectively.Western blot showed increased expressions of bax,Fas and FasL,and a decreased expression of bcl-2.Conclusion: Bilberry extract induces the apoptosis of Hela cells by up-regulating the protein expressions bax,Fas and FasL and down-regulating that of bcl-2.

Objective To explore the expression, as well as the proportion of subsets of the natural killer (NK) T cells in peripheral blood of patients with esophageal carcinoma before and after surgery, and provide ideas and experimental basis for immune treatment through tests. Methods Using CD3, CD56, CD4 and CD8 antibody to study the NKT cells and its subsets. Peripheral NKT cell subsets in 59 patients with esophageal carcinoma were analysed by flow cytometer. Results With the ratio of CD+3 CD+56 CD+8/CD+3 CD+56 CD+4 gradually increased, the proportion of phase Ⅲ- Ⅳ patients with esophageal carcinoma is gradually decreased between the groups. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that there were differences between the groups (P ＜0.05). The ratio of CD+3 CD+56 CD+8/CD+3 CD+56 CD+4 was in Non-linear related to CD+3 CD+56 CD+4NKT cells; CD+3 CD+56 CD+8; NKT cells were positively correlated with CD-3 CD+56 NK cells and negatively correlated with CD+3 T cells.Conclusion The ratio of CD+3 CD+56 CD+8/CD+3 CD+56 CD+4 may relate to tumor burden, and is helpful to determine the extent of disease in patients with esophageal carcinoma and prognosis.

Objective To sequence the antigen-encoding genes esxA,fbpB and Rv2660c from clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in tuberculosis children and study the polymorphisms.Methods A total of 135 isolated strains were amplified for gene sequences of esxA,fbpB and Rv2660c by PCR,and the products were sequenced respectively.The results of sequencing were compared with the corresponding gene sequences of standard strain H37Rv and human T and B cell epitope sequences from immune epitope database (IEDB).The genetic diversities of the gene sequences of esxA,fbpB and Rv2660c were analyzed.Results Among the 135 strains,no gene polymorphisms were found in esxA and Rv2660c.But fbpB had genetic diversities in 66 clinical isolates (48.89％).The 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations in fbpB affected 8 (14.81％) T cell epitopes and 9 (24.32％) B cell epitopes.The dN and dS values of whole fbpB gene were 0.000 120 and 0.002 126,respectively.The dN and dS values of T epitopes areas were 0.000 067 and 0.002 382 respectively,those of non-T epitopes area were 0.000 408 and 0.000 470,respectively,those of B epitopes areas were 0.000 063 and 0.00 2380,and those of non-B epitopes areas were 0.Conclusion The gene sequences of esxA and Rv2660c are conservative,and that of fbpB contains genetic diversities.Its polymorphisms may influence the function of antigen Ag85B,and thus affect the efficacy of vaccine H56.

Objective To determine the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and P53 in thyroid carcinoma and its relationship with development and prognosis of the carcinoma. Methods Totally 90 cases of thyroid specimens (60 thyroid carcinomas, 10 thyroid adenomas, 10 goitres and 10 normal thyroid tissues) were studied by SP immunohistochemical method. Results Positive immunoreactivity of hTERT and P53 was higher in thyroid carcinoma (P<0.05). The positive rates of hTERT and P53 were higher in undifferentiated carcinomas, carcinomas with lymph nodes metastasis or at stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ than in well-differentiated carcinomas, carcinomas without lymph nodes metastasis or at stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ (P<0.05). The expression of hTERT was significantly related with that of P53 (P<0.05). Conclusion Over-expressed hTERT and P53 may be related to the carcinogenesis and progression of thyroid carcinoma and hTERT expression is related to P53 protein. Examination of expression of hTERT and P53 proteins may be helpful to judge the thyroid cancer's behavior and prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and the significance of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), which is modulated by VEGF, in the invasion of gastric carcinoma. Methods: Expression of VEGF in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric tissues was detected by Western blot. MTT was used to measure the proliferation of AGS cells while real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of MMP-9 at mRNA and protein level in AGS cells. Results: The expression of VEGF in gastric carcinoma was significantly higher than that of controls; the expression of MMP-9 in AGS cells with VEGF was significantly higher than that of controls at mRNA and protein level. Conclusion: Both VEGF and MMP-9 participate in the progression of gastric carcinoma, and VEGF may promote the invasion of gastric carcinoma by upregulating the expression of MMP-9.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and the clinical significance of diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) and protein kinase C (PKC) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsDGKα and PKC expressions in the samples from 60 pathologically confirmed HCC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between DGKo expression and clinical pathology factors was analyzed.ResultsThe expression positive rates of DGKo and PKC were highest in normal liver tissues [90.0％ (9/10) and 100.0％ (10/10)].The positive rates were 81.7 ％ (49/60) and 71.7 ％ (43/60) in HCC tissues,respectively,and were 58.3 ％ (35/60) and 61.7 ％ (37/60) in carcinoma adjacent tissues,respectively.In three liver tissues,the positive rates of DGKα and PKC were significantly different (P ＜0.05).The location of both kinases in hepatocytes translocated from cytoplasm/nucleus to membrane.The expressions of DGKα and PKC were positively correlation(r =0.495, P ＜ 0.05), The DGKα expression was correlated to differentiation type,portal venous tumor thrombus and TNM staging(all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionDGKa is expressed with high activity in advanced stage and poorly differentiated HCC. It may be promote the pathological process of HCC.

BACKGROUND:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been shown to possess the potential of repairing injured spinal cord, but their biological characteristics after transplantation in vivo are not well understood.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the migration of OECs after transplantation into the injured spinal cord of adult rats.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Experimental Animal Center of the North Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityMATERIALS: Totally 38 2-month-old male SD rats with body mass of (350 ±20) g were used in this study.METHODS: This experiment was conducted in the Experimental Animal Center, North Campus of Sun Yat-sen University between February 2004and May 2004. Two SD rats were used to extract the OECs, which were stained with Hoechst 33342. Totally 36 SD rats were subsequently randomized into 3 groups, namely rostral transplantation group, caudal transplantation group and control group with 12 rats in each group. The rats in the rostral and caudal transplantation groups subjected to operations to establish thoracic spinal cord injury model and OEC suspension was injected; in the control group, the rats were spared of thoracic spinal cord injury with only OEC suspension injection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution of OECs in the spinal cord was observed under fluorescence microscope 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after operation, respectively.RESULTS: Of the rats in the 3 groups, 1 died in the rostral group, and 2in each of the caudal transplantation and control groups, leaving 29 rats for result analysis. The OECs in the rostral and caudal transplantation groups migrated longitudinally along the long axis of the spinal cord to a farthest distance of 8 mm and penetrating the scar tissues, but very few cells could reach the contralateral side. The OECs in the control group diffused locally without migration.CONCLUSION: OECs mainly migrate along the axons in white matter of the injured spinal cord, and their rostral and caudal migration does not differ in speed or amount. Only a small amout of OECs can across the transected gap of the spinal cord.