Objective:To investigate the situation of nursing soft skills of nurses in Chongqing,to provide evidence for improving nursing quality.Methods:Totally 725 nurses(including nurses from 8 hospitals in Chongqing and 30 on the training class of ICU specializing nurse in Children's Hospital)were investigated by the self-designed scale.Results:(1) There were differences(P

Objective To assess the construction quality of sanitary latrines in schistosomiasis endemic areas of China. Methods Two counties per province were sampled randomly from total 7 provinces with schistosomiasis endemic including Hunan, Hu-bei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan, then 2 villages with schistosomiasis endemic were selected from each target county as research sites, and 30 households per village were randomly selected as respondents. Results Among the sanitary latrines being constructed and on-going used in schistosomiasis endemic areas, 64.8% of them were built indoor or inside of yards, and 52.6% of the above household latrines were constructed keeping away from water sources beyond 10 meters. In addition, the latrines with curb height of feces outlet over 100 mm accounted for 75.0% , and 96.1% of the total sanitary latrines were equipped with urinals made of pottery, plastic and cement. There were 98.2% of the latrines with an area more than 1.2 m~2, and 95.8% with structure of the whole room. Among those sanitary latrines with three-case-cesspools, merely 23.1% reached or closed to the design and implementation requirements of Technical criterion of sanitary construction in schistosomiasis endemic areas (protocol) on the part of underground. Conclusions The sanitary latrine with three-case-cesspools and three-unit methane pool is the main type of the household latrine recommended in countryside in schistosomiasis endemic areas. The construction of sanitary latrines meet the requirements of relevant standards in general, however, the design and implementation of underground parts of the latrines with three-case-cesspools need to be improved.

Objectives To understand the demand,payment capability and influencing factors of sanitary latrine construction in schistosomiasis epidemic areas in China. Methods In Hu’nan,Hubei,Anhui,Jiangxi,Yunnan,Sichuan and Jiangsu,2 counties in each province were selected and 3 villages with schistosomiasis prevalence in each county were randomly sampled. Thirty households were randomly sampled from each village for questionnaire survey. Results The major reasons for constructing sanitary latrine were cleanliness,sanitation and convenience in the rural areas;more than 98% of the households were willing to pay part of the construction,among them,the majority of the families hoped the payment kept within 100-500 yuan (RMB);the problem for the non-sanitary latrine users to construct sanitary ones by themselves was lack of money,technique and skilled labors etc;the residents with the knowledge of rural water supply and latrine improvement,eliminating,keeping livestock enclosure were willing to pay for the construction of sanitary latrine. Conclusion The families using non-sanitary latrine have strong will for constructing the sanitary ones,and they also have payment will and capability to some extents. Most families can afford to the latrine construction within 500 yuan (RMB);to strengthen health education and communication can promote the demand and payment will for construction of sanitary latrine among the people using non-sanitary latrine in schistosomiasis epidemic areas.

Intestinal parasitic infection is a serious public health problem in the world especially in the developing countries,and it is also the important part that impacts human health,especially in children in the rural areas of China.Factors such as water,environmental sanitation,health behavior and so on are related with intestinal parasitic infection.The research progress of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in the world and the factors that affect the health of people,especially in children in the rural areas were reviewed in the present paper.

Objective To develop national norms of nursing soft skills, and provide a basis for the evaluation of the nursing soft skills for new nurses.Methods With the stratified cluster sampling, 2816 new nurses were choosed from across China, and nursing soft skills evaluation scale was used to investigate.The general descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of sample data were done.Results Developed the total national norms of nursing soft skills for new nurses ( the total soft skills was 150.31 ± 15.47,interpersonal skills was 28.28 ± 3.75, organizational management was 33.74 ± 4.10, self-management was 37.50 ±4.58 ,career sentiment was 28.10 ±3.52 ,cognitive kills was 22.70 ±3.11 ) and established a T-rough and percentiles-rough score conversion tables.The level of nursing soft skills of new nurses was divided into five levels: T-score ＜ 30 was poor for the soft skill, T-score at the 30 to 39 for the somewhat less, T-score at the 40 to 59 for the general level, T-score at 60 to 69 for good,T-score ≥ 70 for the best.Conclusion These norms can be used as evaluating standards of nursing soft skills for new nurses.

Objective To deeply study the soft skills that pediatric nurses should have. Methods 8 pediatric registered nurses were interviewed, the whole interviewing process was fully noted, then the data were analyzed acconting to Colaizzi methods. Results Soft skills that pediatric nurses should have included: affinity, empathy, caring about others, sympathy, communication skills, spirit of contribution, a bridge for com-munication between patients and doctors, resolving conflicts skills, cooperation, seE-regulation, stress manage-ment, emotion management and working achievements. Conclusions Soft skills are very important to pedi-atric nurses, so we need progress it gradually.

Objective The discussion on the strategy for developing nursing human resources was carried out through truthfully understanding the medical managers' experiences of developing nursing human resources. We aimed to supply reference for establishment of policies by relevant government departments. Methods We collected data of 13 medical managers by in-depth interview and took notes (or recording) on the spot. The data were analyzed by Colaizzi's analysis program. Results Two aspects were summarized through reading, analyzing, reflecting, classifying and extracting. One was policy guidance for developing nursing human resource (4 items) and the other was policies and measures for developing nursing human resource (7 items). Conclusions The development of nursing human resource was influenced by many factors. It needs the common efforts by government, society, hospital and nurses.

Objective To develop training program of evidence implementation(EI) based on PARIHS model and to evaluate the effectiveness on clinical nurses for evidence-based nursing knowledge,attitudes and ability,and to understand the evaluation of participants about the methodological training.Methods A quasi-experiment design was conducted.A 6-month comprehensive evidence implementation training program was developed including methodological lecture,group discussion,EI case analysis,EI project development and implementation,and was carried out among 44 clinical nurses from 11 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai.The participants' EBN knowledge,attitudes and ability were measured by EBN knowledge,attitudes and ability questionnaire at 3 months and 6 months after training.Results Participants' EBN knowledge and ability were significantly improved at 3 months and 6 months after training(P＜0.05),and participants' EBN attitude had no significant difference before and after training (P＞0.05).The level of training satisfaction among participants was higher than 80.0％,and participants had finished 22 evidence implementation programs.Conclusion Evidence implementation training based on PARIHS can enhance clinical nurses' EBN knowledge and ability.Participants' EBN attitude hasn't been significantly improved.Participants have high satisfaction towards methodological training.

Objective To Pulse oximetry saturation has been wildly used clinically.It has been reported that pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform (POP) reflected the peripheral tissue perfusion.In this study,we parameterized POP,observed the value of POP parameters in normal adults,and established the normal reference value range.Methods A multi-center prospective descriptive study.Total of 1 019 adult volunteers with normovolemia from 7 cities were enrolled in this study.Sex,age,height,weight and pulse oximetry data in awake and spontaneous breathing under in quiet conditions in the room temperature were collected.POP parameters and perfusion index were analyzed using MATLAB 2012a software.The normal reference value ranges of POP parameters,including the amplitude of POP (Amp) and the area under the curve of POP (AUC),were formulated.Results Statistical differences of POP parameters were detected between men and women in the normal adult.The 95％ confidence reference value of POP parameters in normal population was as follows:Amp (104.8-2298.7) PVA and AUC (3265.8-6028.5) PVPGin total,Amp (129.4-2433.6) PVA and AUC (3319.0-5862.2) PVPG in male;Amp (89.5-2138.2) PVA and AUC (3163.9-5929.9) PVPG in female.Conclusions POP,including the amplitude of POP (Amp) and the area under the curve of POP (AUC),had normal reference value ranges in normal adults.

Objective To investigate the correlation between lower extremity CTA and ankle brachial index (ABI) of the diabetic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD),and to study the difference of the examination methods.Methods 80 patients of clinical diagnosed with diabetic LEAD that underwent CTA check were enrolled.The indexes of ABImax,ABImin,ABIave and lower limb atherosclerosis integral (LEAI) of the 80 patients were calculated respectively,and the relationship and correlation were analyzed between ABI and LEAI in different degree of lower extremity arterial calcification.Results ABI index of 58 (58/80) cases could be determined,with an average of 0.87.CTA results displayed that below-the-knee artery had a high incidence of atherosclerosis.According to the degree of arterial calcification,non-calcified in 4(4/58) cases,mild in 20(20/58),moderate in 10(10/58),and severe in 24(24/58).The patients with moderate and severe calcification,means the arterial calcification,had lower ABI (P =0.001),higher LEAI (P ＜ 0.001),and higher pressure of brachial artery(P =0.03).There was weak correlation between ABImax and LEAI(r =-0.48) and the best correlation between ABIave and LEAI(r=-0.59).The correlations between ABI and LEAI of non calcified cases were better than that of calcified ones.Conclusion ABI monitoring of diabetic LEAD has some limitations.Diabetic lower extremity artery CTA has important clinical value that can accurately assess the degree of arterial calcification and occlusion.