Alzheimer disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder,and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.Accumulated evidences in AD research suggest that alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) network could contribute to risk for the disease.As the second discovered miRNA,Let-7 has an important effect on cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,immune response,tumorigenesis,metastasis,and so on.We review in this article the role of Let-7 family in the pathogenesis of AD to provide a strong basis for future research aimed at understanding the potential contribution of miRNAs to AD pathophysiology.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of 3 internal fixations, locking proximal femoral plate(LPFP), ASIAN IMHS and InterTAN, for intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients.MethodsA retrospective study was done to analyse 185 elderly patients who had been treated for intertrochanteric femoral fractures from February 2008 to December 2009 in our hospital and fully followed up.They were treated with LPFP (group A, 95 cases), ASIAN IMHS (group B, 52 cases) and InterTAN (group C, 38 cases) . Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the 3 groups in operative time, blood loss,fluoroscopy exposure, hospital charges, intrraoperative complications and functional outcome(Harris hip score).Results The average follow-up was 14. 5 months(from 6 to 28 months). Compared with group A, groups B and C showed significant advantages in operative time, blood 1oss and functional outcome but significant disadvantages in fluoroscopy exposure and hospital charges ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Compared with group A,groups B and C had significant fewer implant failures ( P ＜ 0. 05).There were no significant differences in all the indexes between groups B and C( P ＞ 0. 05) .Conclusions The ASIAN IMHS and InterTAN appear to be more reliable than LPFP for the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly.There appear to be no significant differences between ASIAN IMHS and InterTAN.

BACKGROUND: Bone defects forming after resection of bone tumor and tumor-like lesion are often packed with autogeneic bone. But sample amount cannot completely meet the clinical demand and different degrees of complications are often left in the bone graft donor region. All these problems remarkably limit the application of autogeneic bone. Allogenic bone is increasingly widely used in the clinical practice due to its structure and biological characteristics similar to autogeneic bone, rich sources, long-term preservation, easy to use and other advantages. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility and clinical application effects of allogeneic bone in filling and repairing benign bone tumor and tumor-like lesion after resection and curettage.DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. SETTING: Department of Pelvis Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 230 patients (156 males and 74 females, with age of 5-56 years) were admitted to Department of Bone Tumor, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College from December 1999 to December 2005 to undergo curettage and hyperthermia inactivation due to benign bone tumor and tumor-like lesion and to receive the treatment by filling and repairing bone defects with lyophilized small-segment allogeneic bone, and were recruited for this study. Written informed consents of treatment were obtained from all the patients. The protocol was approved by the Hospital's Ethics Committee. METHODS: Allogeneic bone grafts (Shanxi Aorui Biomedical Co.,Ltd /Shanxi Provincial Medical Tissue Banking) were used to fill and repair bone defects. Patients who had benign bone tumor, bone cyst or osteofibrous dysplasia underwent cyst curretage. Allogeneic bones were used to pack empty cavity. Therapeutic effects were assessed according to the scoring criteria of allogeneic bone transplantation from Mankin et al, consisting of satisfactory and unsatisfactory two levels. X-ray plain films of surgery sites were taken at postoperative 3, 6 and 12 months. The patients were followed up for 38 months on average in order to observe the therapeutic effects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histocompatibility of allogeneic bone in filling and repairing bone tumor defects. RESULTS: All 230 patients participated in the final analysis. ① Biocompatibility of allogeneic bone: Postoperatively, minority of patients had mild immunological rejections. Such allogeneic bone grafts had a good biocompatibility. They could directly fuse with bone tissue in the implantation location of patients, but not inhibit the normal activity of osteocytes on the allogeneic bone grafts or interfere the natural substitution of autogeneic osteocytes, i.e. there were no or less immunological rejections. Bone union was obtained in all the patients at postoperative 6-18 months (6.5 months on average). Thirty-four patients presented exudation of light yellow liquid from incision. Incisions healed in 30 (14.8%) patients at postoperative 2 weeks and in 4 (1.7%) in later time. Altogether 196 (85.2%) patients obtained satisfactory therapeutic effects, but 34 (14.8%) obtained unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION: Small-segment allogeneic bones have good histocompatibility and osteogenesis, and they are good bone grafts in the bone transplantation.

Pituitary tumors are clinically common neoplasms involved in the central nervous system. The endoscopic endonasal approach is a safe and feasible technique for managing pituitary tumors. Endoscopic technology has been increasingly used in clinical practice because it results in limited nasal injury, decreased operating time and postoperative complications, and quick postoperative re-covery. This study aims to evaluate the advantages and effectiveness of the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for the re-moval of pituitary tumors. This approach should be further modified and optimized in clinical trials and practices.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of CsA on the expression of NK cell inhibitory receptor ILT4 and cytotoxicity of NK cells.Methods NK cells treated with CsA ( 10 mg/L) or DMSO for 12,24 and 36 h were chosen as three experimental groups and control groups respectively.RTqPCR and flow cytometry were performed to detect the alteration of ILT4 at the mRNA and protein level respectively.The expression of HLA-G in human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 and human placental choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 were measured at the same time,and then the cytolytic activity of the untreated NK cells and NK cells treated with CsA for 36 h against BGC-823 and JEG-3 cells was determined with MTT.One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the different ILT4 expression at different time points after medication; Dunnett test was performed to carry out the pairwise comparison between each mean.The difference of HLA-G expression between JEG-3 cells and BGC-823 cells,and the difference of NK cell cytolytic activity against JEG-3 cells and BGC-823 cells were analyzed by student's t-test.Results RT-qPCR assay indicated that the relative levels of ILT4 mRNA in NK cells treated with CsA for 12,24 and 36 h in turn were 0.99 ± 0.27,1.79 ± 0.29,6.79 ± 0.64,and those of their contrast groups treated with DMSO were 0.86 ±0.11,0.94 ±0.12,1.06 ±0.17.The expression of ILT4 in NK cells treated with CsA for 24 h or 36 h was higher than that in NK cells of their contrast groups respectively ( t value of 4.69,14.99,P ＜0.05,respectively),but there was no significant difference between the two groups of NK cells treated for 12 h ( t =0.78,P ＞0.05 ).Through flow cytometry,the positive rates of ILT4 protein expression in NK cells treated with CsA for 12,24 and 36 h [(5.16 ± 0.42 ) ％,( 6.23 ± 0.48 ) ％,( 23.8 ± 1.5 ) ％]were higher than those in NK cells after treatment with DMSO for 12,24 and 36 h respectively[(3.08 ±0.19)％,(3.35 ±0.12)％,(3.36 ±0.21 )％ ;t value of 7.70,10.06,20.72,P＜0.01,respectively].The expression of ILT4 in NK cells treated for 36 h was much higher than that in NK cells for 12 and 24 h at the mRNA and protein level (t value of 16.38,14.12 ;21.81,20.56,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Meanwhile the killing rates of NK cells treated with 10∶1 effector-target ratio CsA on BGC-823 cells (low HLA-G expression) were ( 8 1.96 ± 2.80 ) ％ ( before treatment) and ( 60.23 ± 1.57 ) ％ ( after treatment),which were higher than those on JEG-3 cells (HLA-G-overexpression) [(53.46 ±2.21 )％ ( before treatment),(28.30 ± 1.85 ) ％ ( after treatment)].The changes of cytotoxicity of NK cells treated with CsA against target cells showed that CsA inhibited the killing activity of NK cells to BGC-823 and JEG-3 cells (t value of 11.74,15.16,P＜0.01,respectively),and the inhibitory rates were (26.48 ±2.42)％ and (47.10 ±1.59 ) ％ respectively.CsA had a higher killing rate inhibition on JEG-3 than on BGC-823 ( t =12.31,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion CsA induces upregulation of ILT4 in NK cells,and the cytotoxicity of NK cells to tumor cells can be affected by interaction of ILT4 and HLA-G.

Thirty-three patients with bone tumor(malignant in 10 cases and benign in 23 cases)selected from Department of Bone Tumor,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Mongolian Medical College from October 1999 to August 2006 underwent special prostheric replacement at neoplastic segment.The prosthesis was made of stainless steel, alloy of cobalt-chrome-molybdenum,or titanium alloy,which are provided by Beijing Lidakang Technology Company Limited.All patients provided the conftrmed consent.In the follow-up of 6-70 menths,one patient with giant cell tumor of haunch bone,two patients with malignant synovioma,and one patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma died due to pulITlonary metastasis.In all those patients who survived,none have local recidivation,transferring,or fracture.Among them,one patient had postoperative infection and rigor at knee joint.Three patients had ache at middle part of thigh(junction between prosthesis and femoral bone)after knee joint replacement.According to the Ennekhag scores after reconstruction of surgical oncology,fineness rate of upper limbs was 80%,and that of lower limbs was 86.4%.Odynolysis rate of shoulder ioint was 90%.Active movement was increased and activity of femoral articulation Was generally normal.Extension and flexion of knee joint ranged from 0 to 100 degree.Rejection occurred in stainless steel prosthesis of knee joint in one patient.Junction between prosthesis and femoral bone Was looge in two cases.All other prostheses had great biocompatibillty to tissues.

Objective:To investigate the expression and relationship of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene1(DEC1) and the signal tranducers and activator of transcription3 (STAT3) in gastric cancer tissues,and the significance of the two genes in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods:Immunohistochemistry method of SP was adopted to discover the expression of DEC1 and STAT3 in 59 gastric cancer tissues,19 normal tissues distant from tumor were regarded as control. Results:The positive expression rate of DEC1 in gastric cancer tissues was 71.2%(42/59),which was significantly higher than that in normal para-cancer tissues(26.3%)(P0.05). STAT3 expression was associated with TNM staging,invasion depth,lymph node involvement and tumor grade (P0.05). Conclusions:DEC1 expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues than that in normal para-cancer tissues distant from tumor,and was correlated with STAT3 in gastric cancer. DEC1 and STAT3 are both transcription factors,therefore the co-activation of DEC1 and STAT3 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the optimal screw fixation of anterior column lag screw fixation in the treatment of acetabular anterior column fractures by finite element method.Methods Firstly,CT scanning images from one healthy adult volunteer (male 30),were transferred into Materialise Mimics Innovation Suite 16.0 software,then three-dimensional (3D) models of pelvic were reconstructed and stored in stereolithography format.Then Imageware 12.0 software (EDS,USA) was used to produce the optimal and safe channel of the screw for acetabulum anterior column fixation.Three types of screw fixation were generated,i.e.(1) geometric algorithm screw channel,(2) in-out-in channel,(3) free screw channel.Secondly,all model data were transferred into Ansys 12.0 software to establish the finite element model.Gravity load were defined as 600 N,1 200 N,and 2 400 N,and the Von Mises the parameters of peak stress and deformation were recorded.Results Respectively load of 600 N,1 200 N,2 400 N force to normal hip and geometric algorithm screw channel, in-out-inscrew channel,free screw channel,the comparison between groups of hip by stress and hip deformation,with a given loading force of hip by stress and hip deformation increase gradually,the two were positively correlated,including screw by stress at slightly higher than that of normal hip,while the stress of hip by geometric algorithm screw channel andin-out-inscrew channel were similar,and that by free screw channel increased significantly.There was no significant difference between groups in the hip deformation.With a given loading force (600 N,1 200 N,2 400 N) on geometric algorithm screw channel、 in-out-inscrew channel and free screw channel,the deformation is gradually increased,and there were positively correlated.With the stress on geometric algorithm screw channel,it was significantly reduced compared with the latter two,and in-out-in screw channel suffered the biggest stress.Conclusion Through the finite element analysis,the geometric algorithm screw channel can be used as a safe and effective way for acetabulum anterior column fracture.

Objectives It was constructed that the replication defective adenoviral vectors carried the short hairpin sequences of mouse SCP2.And we will make a further study of mechanism between SCP2 gene and cholesterol stone in gallbladder.Methods The short hairpin sequences of mouse SCP2 were cloned by two-step PCR,and connected together with the plasmid pDC312.The Admax Adenoviral Vector System was used to generate the replication defective adenoviral vectors,which were purified by CsCl method.The processes of TCID50 were applied to detect the titers of the adenoviral vectors.Furthermore,Protein levels of SCP2 were determined by Western blot analysis,and the levels of SCP2、CYP7A1、HMGCR mRNA from the hepa1-6 cell of mouse were measured by the usage of RT-PCR.Results SCP2mRNA and SCP2 protein were down-regulated by the replication defective adenoviral vectors carried the SCP2-shRNA.With the decreasing SCP2mRNA,the levels of HMGCRmRNA were down-regulated at same the time,while CYP7A1mRNA were up-regulated.Conclusions The replication defective adenoviral vectors carried SCP2-shRNA were constructed successfully.The lower levels of SCP2 could affect the activities of HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7-a enzyme,which caused the variations of cholesterol metabolism and then decreased the formation of cholesterol stone.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable, innocuous and sensitive new index to measure cardiac autonomic nervous function. Anxiety disorder is often accompanied by autonomic nerve dysfunction and its main sign is abnormal HRV. Acupuncture can affect HRV indices, correct abnormal HRV and improve cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction to relieve anxiety. This article sorts out and analyzes recent years’ studies on abnormal HRV in anxiety disorder, the effect of acupuncture on HRV and acupuncture regulation of abnormal HRV in anxiety disorder to provide a therapeutic basis for clinical acupuncture intervention in abnormal HRV in anxiety disorder.