ObjectiveTo investigate the status of overlapping hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection and the serological characteristics of such patients. MethodsA total of 8 637 patients with HCV infection who were hospitalized from January 1， 2010 to December 31， 2020 and had complete data of HBV serological markers were enrolled， and the composition ratio of patients with overlapping HBV serological markers was analyzed among the patients with HCV infection. The patients were divided into groups based on age and year of birth， and serological characteristics were analyzed， and the distribution of HBV-related serological characteristics were analyzed across different HCV genotypes. ResultsThe patients with HCV/HBV overlapping infection accounted for 5.85%， and the patients with previous HBV infection accounted for 48.10%； the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 14.67%， while the patients with a lack of protective immunity against HBV accounted for 31.39%. The patients were divided into groups based on age： in the 0 — 17 years group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 61.41% （304 patients）； the 18 — 44 years group was mainly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （698 patients， 37.31%）， the 45 — 59 years group was predominantly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （1 945 patients， 50.38%）， and the ≥60 years group was also predominantly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （1 486 patients， 61.66%）. The patients were divided into groups based on the year of birth： in the pre-1992 group， the patients with previous HBV infection accounted for 51.63% （4 112 patients）； in the 1992 — 2005 group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 54.72% （168 patients）； in the post-2005 group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 64.38% （235 patients）. In this study， 6 301 patients underwent HCV genotype testing： the patients with genotype 1b accounted for the highest proportion of 51.71% （3 258 patients）， followed by those with genotype 2a （1 769 patients， 28.07%）， genotype 3b （63 patients， 1.00%）， genotype 3a （10 patients， 0.16%）， genotype 4 （21 patients， 0.33%）， and genotype 6a （5 patients， 0.08%）. ConclusionWith the implementation of hepatitis B planned vaccination program in China， there has been a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with previous HBV infection among the patients with HCV/HBV overlapping infection， but there is still a relatively high proportion of patients with a lack of protective immunity against HBV.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of extra-spindle pole-like protein 1(ESPL1)in the progression of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related liver fibrosis.Methods A total of 228 patients with HBV infection who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from June 2017 to August 2023 were enrolled.The transient elastography system FibroScan was used to determine liver stiffness measurement(LSM)for all patients,and according to the LSM value,they were divided into non-liver fibrosis group with 80 patients,mild liver fibrosis group with 83 patients,advanced liver fibrosis group with 30 patients,and liver cirrhosis group with 35 patients.ELISA was used to measure the serum level of ESPL1.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of the serum level of ESPL1 between the four groups;the Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between ESPL1 and LSM;the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the value of serum ESPL1 in predicting the progression of liver fibrosis.Results The liver cirrhosis group had a significantly higher serum level of ESPL1 than the non-liver fibrosis group and the mild liver fibrosis group(both P<0.05),and the advanced liver fibrosis group and the mild liver fibrosis group had a significantly higher serum level of ESPL1 than the non-liver fibrosis group(both P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between serum ESPL1 and LSM in the patients with HBV infection and varying degrees of liver fibrosis(r=0.515,P<0.001).Serum ESPL1 had an area under the ROC curve(AUC)of 0.809 in predicting liver cirrhosis and an AUC of 0.638 in predicting advanced liver fibrosis,with a sensitivity of 87.5%and 100%,respectively,and a specificity of 59.7%and 31.3%,respectively.Conclusion There is a certain correlation between serum ESPL1 and HBV-related liver fibrosis,and higher serum ESPL1 may indicate a higher degree of liver fibrosis.Serum ESPL1 is expected to become one of the serum markers for assisting in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and an important clinical method for dynamically monitoring the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with HBV infection.

ObjectiveUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS） was used to investigate the metabolism and distribution of nardosinone in rats， then metabolic pathways were speculated. MethodRats were administered with 30 mg·kg^-1 of nardosinone suspension by gavage for 3 consecutive days， and plasma， urine， feces， and tissues of heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， brain， stomach， and intestine were collected at predetermined time points. After treatment， the samples were processed for UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS， and the MS data were analyzed using Xcalibur 2.2 software. The metabolites were searched by comparing the base peak chromatogram and extracted ion chromatogram between the treated group and blank group， and based on the relative retention time（t_R）， quasi-molecular ion peak， precise molecular mass， and fragment ions of MS/MS， the elemental composition were searched using databases such as SciFinder and PubChem， as well as referring to relevant literature， the possible metabolites were identified and the metabolic pathways were inferred. ResultA total of 30 metabolites of nardosinone were identified， including 15， 19， 12， 7， 4， 11， 8， 13， 13， 8 and 12 metabolites in urine， feces， plasma， brain， heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， stomach and intestine， respectively. The main metabolic pathways of nardosinone in rats were hydroxylation， dehydroxylation， reduction， dehydrogenation， hydration， dehydration， carboxylation， glucuronidation， and dehydroxy-isopropyl. ConclusionNardosinone can be metabolized by phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolism in rats， and the metabolites are widely distributed in the major organs. The results of this study can provide a basis for further research on the pharmacodynamic material basis， pharmacological mechanism and clinical application of nardosinone.

AIM: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-concentrations atropine eye drops in controlling adolescent myopia.METHODS:A computer search was conducted on Wanfang Data, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from January 2010 to March 2024 on clinical studies on low-concentration atropine eye drops for controlling adolescent myopia. Two researchers independently screened trials, extracted data, evaluated risk of bias and quality, and used Review Manager5.4 software to perform Meta-analysis.RESULTS:A total of 17 articles, involving 3 764 cases and 3 952 eyes, were included. The Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, low concentrations of atropine could effectively slow down the growth of axial length [MD=-0.15, 95% CI(-0.20, -0.10), P<0.00001], significantly controlled the changes in spherical equivalent [MD=0.39, 95% CI(0.29, 0.48), P<0.00001], and had a significant effect on pupil diameter [MD=0.80, 95% CI(0.33,1.28), P=0.0010] and amplitude of accommodation [MD=-2.54, 95%CI(-4.49, -0.60), P=0.01].CONCLUSION:Low-concentrations atropine are effective in controlling spherical equivalent and axial length of myopia in adolescents, significantly affecting pupil diameter and amplitude of accommodation, and effectively delaying the progression of myopia.

Objective To construct a nomogram prediction model for the risk of mild cognitive impair-ment (MCI) in elderly people aged ≥ 60-year-old.Methods A total of 502 elderly permanent residents in Guangxi were selected as the research subjects by the multi-stage stratified random sampling method,and the general situation questionnaire and the Beijing edition of MoCA-BJ scale were used to investigate the elderly people,and their anthropometric indicators were collected.The minimum absolute shrinkage rate and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to screen the characteristic variables.The MCI risk nomogram pre-diction model was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were adopted to conduct the fitting effect test on the prediction model.Results Among the 502 elderly people,244 cases (46.04％) had the normal cognition and 258 cases (48.68％) had MCI.The logistic regression analysis showed that the age,education background,month income,children support,calf circumference,BMI and body fat index were the influencing factors of MCI in the elderly people,and the nomogram prediction model of the MCI risk in the elderly people was constructed by these seven variables.The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model was 0.790 (95％CI:0.750-0.829),the sensitivity was 0.64,the specificity was 0.62,the C-index index was 0.790,and the model fitting x2=8.111,P=0.454,the predictive value was basically consistent with the actual value.Conclusion The nomogram prediction model of MCI risk in the elderly peo-ple is successfully constructed with good predictive effect.

Objective:To analyze the categories, characteristics, and clinical symptoms of adverse reactions associated with thalidomide treatment for oral mucosal diseases, providing a reference for the safe use of this medication in patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the adverse reactions to thalidomide treatment in 44 patients with oral mucosal diseases who received treatment at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023. The correlation between the age and sex of patients experiencing adverse reactions, the timing of these reactions in relation to sex, the organs and their appendages affected by the adverse reactions, and the outcomes of these reactions were statistically analyzed.Results:The incidence of adverse reactions associated with thalidomide treatment at the hospital was 0.21% (44/21 329), with a higher prevalence among female patients. Multiple organs were affected in 50.00% (22/44) of the cases, though the reactions were relatively concentrated, primarily involving the skin and its appendages, the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the gastrointestinal system. The main manifestations included rash and dizziness.Conclusion:In the treatment of oral mucosal diseases with thalidomide, it is essential to monitor adverse drug reactions, particularly those affecting the nervous system. Special attention should be given to the potential teratogenicity of thalidomide in individuals of childbearing age. In addition, it is vital to consistently investigate strategies to ensure the safety of patients using medication at home.

Objective To compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation versus thyroidectomy in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTN) and to explore the influencing factors of prognosis. Methods A total of 282 BTN patients were enrolled and divided into ablation group (treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation, n=172) and resection group (treated with thyroidectomy, n=110) based on treatment methods. Perioperative indicators and thyroid function indices before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. Patients were followed up for 1 year and divided into good prognosis group [volume reduction rate (VRR)≥80%, n=210] and a poor prognosis group (VRR < 80%, n=72) based on the VRR. Factors influencing the prognosis of BTN patients were analyzed. Results The ablation group had shorter operative time and hospital stay, less intraoperative blood loss, and lower postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores compared to the resection group (P < 0.05). One month after surgery, serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were higher, while free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were lower than preoperative levels in both groups, however, TSH level was lower, and FT3 and FT4 levels were higher in the ablation group compared to the resection group (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative TSH levels, the proportion of solid nodules, and the proportion of nodules in the risk zone were lower, while preoperative FT4 levels were higher in the good prognosis group compared to the poor prognosis group (P < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that nodule type, nodule location, preoperative TSH, and preoperative FT4 were all influencing factors for the prognosis of BTN patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared to thyroidectomy, ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for BTN offers advantages such as less intraoperative blood loss, milder postoperative pain, shorter operative time and hospital stay, and less damage to thyroid function. Preoperative TSH and FT4 levels, nodule type, and nodule location are closely related to the prognosis of BTN patients and should be given attention in clinical practice.

Objective To understand the indoor particulate matter concentration in accommodation places in Liuzhou City, and to analyze the change rule and influencing factors of the concentration. Methods Eighteen hotels in Liuzhou were selected as monitoring objects by stratified random sampling method, and indoor particulate matter concentration and related factors were monitored from 2016 to 2021. Results The indoor PM_2.5 concentration was 33(20-49) μg/m³, and the qualified rate was 89.1%. The concentration of PM₁₀ was 70 (42-102) μg/m3, and the qualified rate was 88.6%. There were significant differences in indoor PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentration and qualification rate in different years (P<0.05). The indoor PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were the highest in winter and spring, and the lowest in summer, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Compared with the mass concentration of particulate matter in different levels of accommodation, the concentration of particulate matter in three stars and above was the lowest, and that in three stars and below was the highest, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that indoor PM_2.5 concentration was highly correlated with PM₁₀ concentration (r=0.996, P<0.05). Indoor PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were positively correlated with CO, total number of bacteria in the air, CO₂, and noise, and negatively correlated with temperature. Multivariate regression analysis showed that there was a high positive correlation between indoor PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentrations, which was correlated with seasons (P<0.05). Conclusion From 2016 to 2021, indoor particulate pollution exists in accommodation places in Liuzhou, but the pollution is relatively light. The mass concentration decreases and the qualification rate increases year by year. There is a high positive correlation between indoor PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentrations.

Objective:To investigate the application value of ROX index in evaluating the effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) on patients diagnosed with respiratory failure, and to find a simpler and more effective method to observe the efficacy of HFNC.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients who were admitted to department of critical care medicine of the Tianjin Third Central Hospital from April 2020 to August 2022, diagnosed with type Ⅰ respiratory failure, and treated with HFNC after failure of conventional oxygen therapy were enrolled. Oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2), gas flow rate at the initial time of admission, and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2), FiO 2 and respiratory rate (RR) at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours of HFNC were collected, and ROX index was calculated. The patients with symptoms and PaO 2/FiO 2 improved after HFNC treatment and without higher respiratory support lately were defined as HFNC success, while other patients with symptoms worsening and needing follow-up non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) or invasive positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) were defined as HFNC failure. The tendency of changes in the ROX index at each time point was observed. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to obtain the optimum cut-off value of ROX index for predicting HFNC outcome and the optimal monitoring time point for HFNC. Results:A total of 142 patients were eventually enrolled, among whom 96 patients (67.61%) were in treated with HFNC successfully, while 46 patients (32.39%) were recorded as HFNC failure (39 patients and 7 patients received NIPPV or IPPV, respectively), with an overall intubation rate of 4.93% (7/142). Compared with the HFNC success group, the HFNC failure group had lower PaO 2/FiO 2 [mmHg (1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa): 208.8±37.3 vs. 235.7±48.3, P < 0.01] and higher initial gas flow rate (L/min: 46.4±3.9 vs. 42.3±4.9, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in gender, age, primary diagnosis, severity of disease, hemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) between the two groups. In the HFNC failure group, there were 12 patients (26.09%) received progressive oxygen therapy within 12 hours of HFNC, of which 3 patients (6.52%) occurred within 6 hours, while the other 9 patients (19.57%) occurred after 6 hours. The initial ROX index was not statistically significant between the two groups. Both groups showed a continuous increasing ROX index with longer treatment duration of HFNC, and the ROX index at all of the time points of the HFNC failure group was significantly lower than that of the HFNC success group with statistically significant difference (2 hours: 9.39±2.85 vs. 10.91±3.51, 4 hours: 8.62±2.29 vs. 11.40±3.18, 6 hours: 7.62±1.65 vs. 11.85±3.45, 8 hours: 7.79±1.59 vs. 11.62±3.10, 10 hours: 7.97±1.62 vs. 12.44±2.75, 12 hours: 8.84±2.51 vs. 12.45±3.03, all P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of ROX index assessing the effect of HFNC at the time of treating 6, 8 and 10 hours were better than 2, 4 and 12 hours (0.890, 0.903, 0.930 vs. 0.585, 0.738 and 0.829), indicating that the ROX index could determine the efficacy at the early stage of HFNC (within 6 hours). When the optimum cut-off value of ROX index was 8.78, the sensitivity was 90.6%, and the specificity was 76.5%. Conclusion:The ROX index at 6 hours of HFNC has a certain predictive value for the efficacy of HFNC with an optimum cut-off value of 8.78, which can provide clinical health care personnel a method for observing the efficacy of HFNC, and guide the correct selection of oxygen therapy modality at an early stage and timely adjustment of oxygen therapy strategy.

OBJECTIVE: To rapidly identify the two morphologies and chemical properties of similar herbal medicines, Blumea riparia and B. megacephala as the basis for chemical constituent analysis. METHODS: UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS was utilized for profiling and identification of the constituents in B. riparia and B. megacephala. Chemical pattern recognition (CPR) was further used to compare and distinguish the two herbs and to identify their potential characteristic markers. Then, an HPLC method was established for quality evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 93 constituents are identified, including 54 phenolic acids, 35 flavonoids, two saccharides, one phenolic acid glycoside, and one other constituent, of which 67 were identified in B. riparia and B. megacephala for the first time. CPR indicates that B. riparia and B. megacephala samples can be distinguished from each other based on the LC-MS data. The isochlorogenic acid A to cryptochlorogenic acid peak area ratio calculated from the HPLC chromatograms was proposed as a differentiation index for distinguishing and quality control of B. riparia and B. megacephala. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates significant differences between B. riparia and B. megacephala in terms of chemical composition. The results provide a rapid and simple strategy for the comparison and evaluation of the quality of B. riparia and B. megacephala.