Objective:To investigate the use of antibiotics in a hospital to improve the management and proper clinical utilization.Method:A total of 1268 patients discharged from the hospital in April 2007 were surveyed,and a statistical analysis was conducted.Result:The rate of antibiotics usage was 73.50%,and the rate of preventive usage was 52.47%, and the rate of combination usage was 46.14%.The antibiotics most widely used were cephalosporins,quinolones,nitroimidazoles and penicillins.Most antibiotics were used according to experience.And the cost of antibiotics was 22.68%in the total drug expenses of the hospital.New and expensive antibiotics were mainly the drugs in high expenditure.Conclusion:The problems are the higher rate of the application of antibiotics in the hospital,unclear indication for antibiotics usage to some doctors,substandard preventive usage in perioperative period,trend of using more expensive drugs and low rate of checking the pathogen.The results show that it is very important to strengthen the management of antibiotics usage in hospitals.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the status quo and the tendency of calcium antagonists used in Guangdong Province.METHODS:The consumption sum,DDDs and the average daily expenses of calcium antagonists in Guangdong Province from2002to2004were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The consumption sum of calcium antagonists from2002to2004increased year by year,with amlodipine leading the list of consumption sum and nifedipine leading the list of DDDs.CONCLUSIONS:Dihydropyridine calcium antagonists dominate Guangdong market.

Objective To acknowledge the spouse comorbid conditions of diabetes patients by comparing the average blood sugar level of the spouse of the diabetes patients with normal Guangzhou residents.Methods To sift and analyze the spouse test results of 152 hospitalized diabetes patients from January 2012 to January 2013,by testing the blood sugar level of the experimental subjects,comparing the different blood sugar level results between when they were with empty stomach and 2 hours after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Results There were 32 cases with diabetes,9 cases with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 11 cases with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the above 152 experimental subjects.The morbidity rates were 21.05％,5.92％ and 7.24％.All the above results were higher than the Guangzhou residents survey level,there were statistical differences between them.Conclusions The high morbidity rates of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in diabetes patients spouse are obvious.The works for diabetes sifting and analyzing together with the health education instruction need to be strengthened.

Objective:To share a drug treatment experience for multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the pharmaceutical care participated by clinical pharmacist for one case of intervertebral space infection with multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out.Results:Pharmacists participated in the whole treatment process,made the combined antimicrobial regimen (fosfomycin + ceftazidime + ciprofloxacin),and adjusted the time sequence.As a result,satisfactory curative effect was obtained.Conclusion:The infection with multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be treated with the three-drug therapy.Clinical pharmacists can play a positive role in the treatment of complicated infections.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the cause,diagnosis and treatment of the empyema of the anastomotic fistula after esophageal cancer resection.METHODS The clinical data of 624 cases after esophageal cancer and cardia cancer resection from Jan 2000 to Dec 2006 were analyzed retrospectively which included 14 cases of the empyema of the anastomotic fistula.RESULTS All the cases were treated with the closed thoracic drainage,in which 9 cases were cured with closing double-tube chest douching technique,3 cases were succeeded to operate secondary thoracotomy for anastomosis,1 case died after being sent to the higher grade hospital,1 case died for toxic shock and respiratory failure without the chance of reoperation.CONCLUSIONS The key measures of prevention of empyema of post-operative esophagogastrostomy anastomotic fistula inside thorax are strictly distincting between indication and contraindication,carefully preparating before operation,commanding operative time and technical skill,strengthening nursing management,and fulfilling the oral manipulation and nursing prcedures about the drainage tube after operation.

As an important component of multi-physiological-parameter tele-monitoring system, database system is characterized by its large capacity, complex data type and being realtime. According to the design flow of the database, this paper develops a multi-physiological parameter network database with EER concept model and distributed database technology.

Objective::To understand the resources distribution and varieties of crude drug Coptis chinensis Franch. on Chinese market to provide scientific basis for the resource conservation and variety collection and studies of the Chinese medicine. Methods:On the basis of literature survey, field investigation, mandatory survey and interview survey were conducted. Results:Due to the chan-ges in environment for many years and the predatory development in Coptis resources at the end of 20th century, the ecological environ-ment of wild Coptis resources changed significantly with destructed resources and decreased reserves, especially wild Yalian and Yun-lian were on the verge of extinction. The mainstream product on Chinese market was Weilian followed by Yunlian mainly used in small-scale medical clinic and medicine market in the distribution area, while Yalian commodity medicine could not found. Conclusion::The supply and demand on Coptis market should be stabilized to ensure herbalist interests. The production technology of Coptis need further improvement, cultivated area and suitable variety should be confirmed to guarantee the quality of Coptis medicinal materials. State should pay attention to the changes in Coptis resources and strengthen protection for wild Coptis resources to ensure the sustainable development of Coptis resources. Relevant government departments should guide the production of Coptis reasonably.

Objective To study the clinical significances of serum lipoprotein (LP),high sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs CRP),cystatin (Cys-C),apolipoprotein (Apo) in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients with early renal impairment.Methods Totally 96 patients were divided into two groups:50 cases in simple diabetic group (DM) aged 60-73 years,46 cases in diabetic nephropathy group (DN) aged 61-72 years,and 50 healthy persons as normal control group aged 61-68 years.Serum levels of LP(a),hs-CRP,Cys-C,ApoA1 and ApoB were detected.Results Serum levels of LP (a) [(214.8±182.3) mg/L vs.(113.1±76.2) mg/L],Cys-C[(0.95±0.16)mg/L vs.(0.46±0.17) mg/L],hs-CRP (2.57± 1.84) mg/L vs.(1.07±0.38)mg/L] and ApoB [(1.12±0.18) g/L vs.(0.81 ±0.15) g/L ]were higher in T2DM patients than in normal control group(all P＜0.01),while ApoA1 level was lower than in control[(1.02±0.17)g/L vs.(1.27±0.14)g/L,P＜ 0.01].The levels of LP (a) (455.6 ± 263.5 ) mg/L,Cys-C (2.14 ± 0.68 ) mg/L,hs-CRP (7.24±4.55)mg/L and ApoB(1.22±0.17)g/L in DN group were increased compared with DM group (all P＜0.01).Serum levels of ApoA1 were decreased in DN group compared with DM group [(0.88±0.17) g/L vs.(1.02±0.17) g/L,P＜0.01].The serum levels of LP (a) (r=0.487,P＜0.05),Cys-C(r=0.55,P＜0.05),hs-CRP(r=0.478,P＜0.01) and ApoB(r=0.505,P＜0.05) were positively correlated with urinary mAlb in T2DM patients,while ApoA1 was negtively related with mAIb(r=-0.52,P＜0.05).Conclusions The serum LP (a),Cys C,Apo and hsCRP could be sensitive markers of early renal impairment,and their combinatorial measurement offers more value in patients with T2DM.

Objective To understand information on cognitive and demand of chronic kidney disease(CKD) patient to contin‐uing nursing .Methods Adopting stratified random sampling method took samples 200 CKD patiens who were treated at kidney disease of internal of general hospital form March to June 2014 .Self‐made questionnaire was used to survey cognitive and demand of chronic kidney disease patient to continuing nursing .Results Totally 200 questionnaires were gave out and 184 of them were taken back ,efficient rate is 92% .First ,cognition :10 .32% CKD patiens knew the meaning of continuing nursing ,9 .24% CKD patiens knew the content of continuing nursing ,12 .50% CKD patiens knew the role of continuing nursing .Second ,demand :65 .76% -95 .11% CKD patiens had demand on disease treatment knowledge ,individual diet guidance ,regular telephone follow‐up ,and regular follow‐up nurse ;38 .04% - 53 .26% CKD patiens had urgent demand on individual diet guidance ,free health consultation ,and regu‐lar follow‐up nurse ;28 .89% CKD patiens had demand on electronic health record .Conclusion The cognitive of CKD patiens to continuing nursing is low and the demand is high .Hospital should to actively develop the continuation of local nursing service .

Objective To find out the condition of the quality of life and social support in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)and analyze the their correlation.Methods Adopt stratified random sampling method take samples 200 CKD patients who were treated at chronic Kidney disease of internal of general hospital form March to June 2014 in Luzhou city.Then completed the instruments of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS)and the quality of life scale (KDQOL-SFTM ).Results Objective support score of social support for patients with CKD was higher than the national average(P <0.05);Total score of social support and subjective support,social support utilization degree score were lower than the national average(P <0.05).The score was less than 60 in KDQOL-SFTM from low to high followed by kidney disease burden(BKD),work status(WS),sexual function(SexF),the lim-ited strength caused by working and living (RP),general health(GH),were basically identical with other research results.The so-cial support and quality of life had a positive correlation.Conclusion The social support and quality of life in the patients with CKD are lower than the normal people,and there is a positive correlation between them.One of the main task is to improve social support network for patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).