Objective:To study the optimum extraction conditions for Yaotong granules. Methods:An orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the percolation extraction process of total alkaloids by orthogonal experiment with the yield of dry extract and total extraction rate of tetrandrine and fangchinoline as the indices. Results:The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:the medicinal materials were soaked with crude powder in 60% ethanol for 48h,then percolated at the rate of 2 ml·min-1 ·kg-1 . Conclusion:The extraction technology for Yaotong granules is simple and rapid with stable results,which can provide theoretical basis for the production of Yaotong granules.

Objective:To study the anti-inflammatory activity of total alkaloids from Solanum lyratum.Methods:Human umbili-cal vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs) were cultured and induced by H 2 O2 (200 μmol· L-1 ) , and RAW 264.7 cells were cultured and induced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) .The two inflammatory cell models were randomly divided into the normal group , model group, positive control group, and total alkaloids group respectively at low , medium and high dose.After the treatment, the cells were continued to be cultured , and CCK-8 method was applied to observe the cell survival rate .SD rats were randomly divided into the nor-mal group, model group, positive control group, total alkaloid group respectively at low, medium and high dose,and then the rats re-ceived subplantar injection of carrageenan in the paw .After the treatment , inflammation was analyzed by the swelling degree of acute ankle joint injury, and the contents of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (cox2-) were detected.Results:The effect of total alkaloids from Solanum lyratum at medium dose on H 2O 2-induced HUVECs and that of total alkaloids from Sola num lyratum at high dose on LPS-stimulated macrophages were similar to that of the positive control group without statistical significance (P>0.05), and the total alkaloids from Solanum lyratum at medium and high dose could significantly reduce the swelling degree of the acute ankle model in rats (P<0.01), and decrease the content of PGE2 in the toe exudate of rats and that of COX-2 in serum (P<0.01) with statistical significance when compared with that in the model group (P<0.01).Conclusion:The total alkaloids from Solanum lyra-tum have significant anti-inflammatory activity , and it is necessary to further study the efficacy and action mechanisms .

Objective:To optimize the water extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine ( TMC) Qubai granule. Methods:The orthogonal test was used to study four influencing factors including water amount, soaking time, extraction time and extraction times with dry extract yielding rate and the content of ferulic acid as the evaluation indices. Results:The optimum extraction process was as follows:A2 B1 C2 D2 , namely adding 10-fold amount of water, without soaking in advance, extracting twice with 2 h for each time. Con-clusion:The process is simple, stable and reproducible, which provides basis for the industrial production.

Objective:To optimize the alcohol precipitation technology of Qingmai granules. Methods:The relative density of liq-uor,the concentration and time of alcohol precipitation were chosen as the factors,the yield of dry extract and content of diosgenin as the indices,the alcohol precipitation technology was optimized by orthogonal test. Results:The optimal alcohol precipitation technology was as follows:the extraction liquid was concentrated till the relative density was 1. 13-1. 18 g·ml-1 ,ethanol was added until the concen-tration was up to 60% with the alcohol precipitation time of 24h. Conclusion:The optimized technology is stable,reasonable and feasi-ble,which can provide experimental basis for the clinical application of Qingmai granules.

OBJECTIVETo compare the protein profiles between decapeptide-treated and untreated planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) by differential proteomic analysis to determine and identify the key proteins.

METHODSIn our previous study, we investigated decapeptide (KKVVFKVKFK-NH2), which was a novel adenosine monophosphate. Compared with other oral pathogens tested, decapeptide had a preferential antibacterial activity against S. mutans. It also inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation and reduced the one-day developed biofilm. In the present study, we first synthesized decapeptide, and then compared the protein profiles between decapeptide-treated and untreated planktonic cells of S. mutans by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We also verified different expressions of key protein enolase in the protein level.

RESULTSThe results showed that decapeptide altered the protein expression of planktonic S. mutans. These proteins were functionally involved in carbohydrate degradation by glycolysis, protein folding, conjunction, transport, translation, adenosine triphosphate binding, protein binding, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription factor activity, and two-component response regulator activity. Western blot results showed that enolase protein expression decreased obviously in decapeptide-treated cells of S. mutans.

CONCLUSIONThe protein expression of S. mutans significantly changed after synthetic antimicrobial decapeptide treatment, suggesting that decapeptide may present a preferential effect on oral caries by changing the expression of certain key proteins, such as enolase protein.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Biofilms ; Dental Caries ; Depsipeptides ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Oligopeptides ; genetics ; Proteomics ; Streptococcus mutans ; metabolism

AIM To study the effects of DIDS and furosemide on the contraction induced by phenylephrine and the endothelium-dependent relexation induced by ATP. METHODS Measurement of isometric force of rat thoracic aortae rings with and without endothelium. RESULTS DIDS(1～300 ?mol?L -1 ) and furosemide(10～320 ?mol?L -1 ) inhibited the contractile response induced by phenylephrine in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory rate was different between aortic ring endothelium-intact and that endothelium-denuded. The values of IC_ 50 for DIDS were (12.0?8.0) ?mol?L -1 and (28.3?7.3) ?mol?L -1 respectively,while the values of IC_ 50 for furosemide were (17.9?6.6) ?mol?L -1 and (41.0?15.6) ?mol?L -1 respectively. DIDS(10 ?mol?L -1 ) did not chang ATP-induced vasodilative effect at the concentrations of 10 ?mol?L -1 and 100 ?mol?L -1 , but enhanced the relaxation induced by 1 mmol?L -1 ATP. Furosemide (20 ?mol?L -1 ) had no effect on the relaxation induced by ATP(10 ?mol?L -1 ), but prolonged the relaxation when the concentration of ATP added to 100 ?mol?L -1 and 1 mmol?L -1 ( P

Objective To investigate the cachexia morbidity among hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer and evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes.Method By analyzing the clinical data of 5 118 hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2013,we investigated the cachexia morbidity and compared the clinical outcome between cachectic patients and noncachectic patients.Results The overall cachexia morbidity of hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer was 15.7％ (803/5 118).The highest cachexia morbidity was 34.0％ (89/173),found in patients with pancreatic cancer.In cachectic group and non-cachectic group,the overall completion rate of radical resection was 67.1％ (539/803) and 74.5％ (3 214/4 315),respectively (P =0.000).Compared to the non-cachectic group,the cachetic group had significantly longer postoperative hospital days [(11.5 ±6.2) d vs (9.4 ±4.9) d,P =0.003],slower postoperative recovery of bowel function [(3.4 ±0.9) d vs (3.2 ±0.8) d,P =0.013],longer postoperative time to intake semifluid [(4.4 ± 1.5) d vs (3.9 ± 1.3) d,P =0.002],and more postoperative complications in 28 days after surgery [8.9％ (48/539) vs 5.8％ (186/3 214),P=0.006].After surgery,131 patients in the cachectic group were transferred to the ICU,and 646 patients in non-cachectic group transferred to the ICU (24.3％ vs 20.0％,P=0.026).Compared to the non-cachecic group,the reoperation rate [3.2％ (17/539) vs 1.5％ (48/3214)],ventilator support rate [8.0％ (43/539) vs 5.7％ (184/3 214)],and mortality [2.4％ (13/539) vs 1.1％ (35/3 214)] of the cachectic group were all significantly higher (P =0.006,0.042,0.011).Conclusions Cachexia is common in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer,especially in patients with pancreatic cancer.Cachexia has negative impact on the clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate cachexia in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer and evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes.

METHODSBy analyzing the clinical data of 5118 hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2013, cachexia was investigated and clinical outcomes between cachexia patients and non-cachexia patients was compared.

RESULTSThe total cachexia rate of hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer was 15.7%(803/5118). The highest rate of cachexia was 34.0%(89/262) in patients with pancreatic cancer followed by gastric cancer 22.4%(261/1164), colon cancer 21.7%(146/672), and rectal cancer 20.1%(117/581). In cachexia group and non-cachexia group, the overall completion rate of radical resection was 67.1%(539/803) and 74.5%(3214/4315) respectively(P<0.05). Compared to the non-cachexia group, the cachexia group was associated with longer postoperative hospital stay [(11.5±6.2) d vs. (9.4±4.9) d, P<0.05], slower postoperative recovery of bowel function [(3.4±0.9) d vs. (3.2±0.8) d, P<0.05], longer postoperative time to intake of semifluid [(4.4±1.5) d vs. (3.9±1.1) d, P<0.05], and more postoperative complications within 28 days after radical surgery [8.9%(48/539) vs. 5.8%(186/3214), P<0.05]. After radical surgery, the ICU admission rate of the cachexia group [24.3%(131/539)] was higher than that of the non-cachexia group [20.1%(646/3214)] with significant difference(P<0.05). Compared to non-cachexia group, the reoperation rate [3.2%(17/539) vs. 1.5%(48/3214), P<0.05], ventilator support rate [8.0%(43/539)vs. 5.7%(184/3214), P<0.05] and mortality [2.4%(13/539) vs. 1.1%(35/3214), P<0.05] in the cachexia group were all significantly higher(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCachexia is commen in patients with digestive system cancer. Cachexia has significant adverse effects on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer.

Cachexia ; etiology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; complications ; Defecation ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Rectal Neoplasms ; complications ; Reoperation ; Stomach Neoplasms ; complications

Objective To investigate cachexia in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer and evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes. Methods By analyzing the clinical data of 5118 hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2013, cachexia was investigated and clinical outcomes between cachexia patients and non-cachexia patients was compared. Results The total cachexia rate of hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer was 15.7%(803/5118). The highest rate of cachexia was 34.0%(89/262) in patients with pancreatic cancer followed by gastric cancer 22.4%(261/1164), colon cancer 21.7%(146/672), and rectal cancer 20.1%(117/581). In cachexia group and non-cachexia group, the overall completion rate of radical resection was 67.1%(539/803) and 74.5%(3214/4315) respectively (P<0.05). Compared to the non-cachexia group, the cachexia group was associated with longer postoperative hospital stay [(11.5 ±6.2) d vs. (9.4 ±4.9) d, P<0.05], slower postoperative recovery of bowel function [(3.4 ±0.9) d vs. (3.2 ±0.8) d, P<0.05], longer postoperative time to intake of semifluid [(4.4 ±1.5) d vs. (3.9 ±1.1) d, P<0.05], and more postoperative complications within 28 days after radical surgery [8.9%(48/539) vs. 5.8%(186/3214), P<0.05]. After radical surgery, the ICU admission rate of the cachexia group [24.3%(131/539)] was higher than that of the non-cachexia group [20.1%(646/3214)] with significant difference (P<0.05). Compared to non-cachexia group, the reoperation rate[3.2%(17/539) vs. 1.5%(48/3214), P<0.05], ventilator support rate[8.0%(43/539)vs. 5.7%(184/3214), P<0.05] and mortality[2.4%(13/539) vs. 1.1%(35/3214), P<0.05] in the cachexia group were all significantly higher (all P<0.05). Conclusions Cachexia is commen in patients with digestive system cancer. Cachexia has significant adverse effects on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer.

Objective To investigate cachexia in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer and evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes. Methods By analyzing the clinical data of 5118 hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2013, cachexia was investigated and clinical outcomes between cachexia patients and non-cachexia patients was compared. Results The total cachexia rate of hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer was 15.7%(803/5118). The highest rate of cachexia was 34.0%(89/262) in patients with pancreatic cancer followed by gastric cancer 22.4%(261/1164), colon cancer 21.7%(146/672), and rectal cancer 20.1%(117/581). In cachexia group and non-cachexia group, the overall completion rate of radical resection was 67.1%(539/803) and 74.5%(3214/4315) respectively (P<0.05). Compared to the non-cachexia group, the cachexia group was associated with longer postoperative hospital stay [(11.5 ±6.2) d vs. (9.4 ±4.9) d, P<0.05], slower postoperative recovery of bowel function [(3.4 ±0.9) d vs. (3.2 ±0.8) d, P<0.05], longer postoperative time to intake of semifluid [(4.4 ±1.5) d vs. (3.9 ±1.1) d, P<0.05], and more postoperative complications within 28 days after radical surgery [8.9%(48/539) vs. 5.8%(186/3214), P<0.05]. After radical surgery, the ICU admission rate of the cachexia group [24.3%(131/539)] was higher than that of the non-cachexia group [20.1%(646/3214)] with significant difference (P<0.05). Compared to non-cachexia group, the reoperation rate[3.2%(17/539) vs. 1.5%(48/3214), P<0.05], ventilator support rate[8.0%(43/539)vs. 5.7%(184/3214), P<0.05] and mortality[2.4%(13/539) vs. 1.1%(35/3214), P<0.05] in the cachexia group were all significantly higher (all P<0.05). Conclusions Cachexia is commen in patients with digestive system cancer. Cachexia has significant adverse effects on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer.