Objective To investigate the value of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary obstructions on different sites with variable causes. Methods The clinical records of biliary drainages under duodenoscope in 104 patients with biliary obstruction from October 1998 to November 2002 was reviewed retrospectively. Results Drainage was successfully completed in 97 patients, with a success rate of 93.3%(97/104). The patients were relieved of their symptoms of biliary obstruction (abdominal pain, jaundice and fever), and the effective rates of ENBD and ERBD were 93.0% (66/71) and 93.3% (28/30), respectively. Conclusions Endoscopic drainage for biliary obstruction has advantages of minimal invasion, rapid recovery, short hospital stay and apparent efficacy. Emphasis should be placed on the site of drainage and proper selection of operative method to further elevate its success rate.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the maternal nutritional stetus and the occurrence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) with neonatal visual development disorder Methods Sixty pregnant women closed to expected date of confinement were randomly divided into 2 groups: IUGR and normal control group, each were with 30 cases Eight kinds of nutritional foods taken by the pregnant women were investigated and scored The vitamin A concentrations of maternal and umbilical blood were measured with fluorometer method The concentrations of iron, copper and zinc in maternal and umbilical blood were detected by spectrophotometer The results of examination with Flash visual evoked potentials (F VEP) were recorded by an experienced technician in neonates at 3～7 days after birth and 10 months after follow up Results Compared with the normal control, the IUGR group had taken less eggs, animal liver and fat pork during pregnancy ( P

We investigated the psychological condition of 70 inpatients who had esophageal and cardiac carcinoma before radical operation with Hamilton Anxiety Scales.For the patients with anxiety,we carried out psychological intervention before operation which includes general care,follow-up,collective psychotherapy,keep disease condition individually and so on.The results showed the treatment had great benefit to most of the patients.

Aim To study the distributive character of mitomycin(MMC) magnetic nanoparticles and MMC normal saline solution in mice.Methods A HPLC method for the determination of MMC in tissues and serum were established and applied to determine MMC in biological samples.Results Under the guidance of an external magnetic field,targeting rates of MMC to liver viscus are 82.72% after 30 minutes tail vein administration of(1 mg?kg~(-1)) mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles,it was 2.37 times larger than targeting rates of MMC normal saline solution group.The distributions of heart and kidney of mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles were less than that of MMC normal saline solution group.Compared with the results of tail vein administration mitomycin nanoparticles,interaction between the external magnetic field and magnetic nanoparticles is significantly effective to increase targeting rates of MMC to liver.Compared with the results of tail vein administration mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles without the external magnetic field,Mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles under the guidance of an external magnetic field is significantly effective to increase targeting rates of MMC to liver.Conclusions Mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles under the guidance of an external magnetic field is significantly effective to increase targeting rates of MMC to liver and prolonging effect on the action in vivo.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiuqiang Naoliqing(JNQ) on the morphology of the vital organs(the brain,kidney and heart) in acute hypertension rats.MethodsThe model was established by L-NG-nitro arginine(L-NNA),which can inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide(NO).Affected animals were administrated with high,medium or low dose of JNQ while nifedipine was used as the positive control.Effects on cardiac function and morphology of the vital organs were investigated.Results2 weeks after the establishment of the model,the affected rats had a 36% higher blood pressure compared with the control group.The acute hypertension rats showed significant pathologic changed in the brain,kidney and heart,while there was no obvious difference in the heart rate,electrocardiaogram,and blood pressure between the administrated groups.After treatment with JNQ,the contraction force and the oxygen extraction of the myocardiocytes were significantly reduced and the increasing velocity of the left ventricular pressure was decreased.The brain,kidney and heart showed improvement in pathology analysis to different levels.ConclusionAlthough it has no obvious effects on the heart rate and blood pressure in acute hypertension rats,JNQ can decrease the oxygen extraction in myocardiocytes and can obviously alleviate brains,kidneys and hearts pathologic changes.

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived stem cells are easily col ected and abundantly cultured, which can proliferate rapidly when being cultured in vitro. With multi-directional differentiation potential, adipose-derived stem cells are expected as seed cells for tissue engineering.
OBJECTIVE:To isolate, culture and identify of adipose-derived stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats in vitro.
METHODS:The subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from the iliac region of rats under the aseptic condition, and then was digested with 0.075%type Ⅰ col agenase and cultured in vitro. The morphology and proliferation characteristics of the cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope. The third passage was put into gauge for growth curve by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and the cells were also identified by CD44, a stem cellmarker, with immunofluorescence staining. Adipose-derived stem cells were induced and differentiated into adipocytes in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12 containing 10%fetal bovine serum, dexamethasone and insulin, and then the cells were identified with oil red“O”staining. Adipose-derived stem cells were induced and differentiated into neural cells, and then the cells were identified with immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The growth curve of adipose-derived stem cells was opposite-like“S”shape, and it strongly expressed CD44 that can designate a stem cell. The passage cells were exposed to a defined medium for adipocyte differentiation, and then could be stained with oil red. After being induced and differentiated into nerve cells, the cells expressed neuron-specific enolase. The adipose-derived stem cells of Sprague-Dawley rats are characterized by easy isolation, culture and proliferation in vitro, expressing related phenotypes of mesenchymal stem cells, as wel as induction and differentiation under certain conditions.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of low-c oncentration iso_osmolar contrast agent together with low tube voltage and iterative reconstruction algorithm in rabbit liver computed tonography (CT) perfusion imaging.Methods A total of 15 bealthy New Zealand rabbits were scanned twice of liver CT perfusion scans each with 24 hours interval.The first scan (routine group) was acquired at 100 kV and 100 mAs with ultravist (370 mg/ml),while the second (double low group) was acquired at 80 kV and 100 mAs with iodixanol (270 mg/ml) at 24 hours after the first scan.The obtained images were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive iterative dose reduction (AIDR-3D)algorithms in the controlled and experimental groups,respectively.The perfusion parameters including hepatic artery perfusion(HAP),portal vein perfasion(PVP),hepatic perfusion index(HPI),and total liver perfusion(TLP) and image quality as image quality score,average CT value of abdomen aorta,signalto-noise ratio(SNR),carrier-to-noise ratio(CNR),and figure of merit(FOM) were compared used pair ttest or Mann-Whitney U-test between the two groups wherever appropriate.The effective radiation dose and iodine intake were also recorded and compared.Results The image quality and perfusion parameters had no significantly different between the two groups except for FOM.The effective radiation dose and iodine intake were 38.79％ and 27.03％ lower in the double low group.Conclusions Low concentration iso _osmolar contrast agent (iodixanol,270 mg/ml) together with low tube voltage (80 kV) helps to reduce radiation dose and iodine intake without compromising perfusion parameters and image quality in liver CT perfusion imaging.

Objective To investigate the improvement of postpartum pelvic floor by rehabilitation training assessed with three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound . Methods One hundred cases of healthy postpartum women were randomly divided into two groups :control group and training group .The control group received the customary education ,and the training group received pelvic floor rehabilitation training . At 6 and 12 weeks postpartum ,levator hiatus area ,thickness of the levator ani muscle ,bladder neck mobility ,and bladder posterior horn were measured with three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in all the subjects . Meanwhile ,the muscle strength situations were tested . Results At 12 weeks postpartum ,the anal levator hiatal area ,bladder neck mobility and bladder posterior horn in the training group were lower than those of the control group[ ( 21 .6 ± 3 .2) cm 2 vs ( 25 .6 ± 2 .4 ) cm 2 ,( 27 .9 ± 5 .3) mm vs ( 31 .5 ± 5 .9) mm ,( 126 .3 ± 21 .2)° vs (135 .3 ± 11 .6)°] ( P < 0 .05) . Compared with control group ,the thickness of the levator ani muscle increased in training group [ ( 13 .6 ± 2 .3) mm vs ( 15 .3 ± 2 .5) mm ] ( P < 0 .05) . The incidence of stress urinary incontinence in the training group ( 5% ) was significantly lower than the control group ( 12 .5% ) at 12 weeks postpartum ( χ2 = 5 .487 , P = 0 .025) . The muscle strength had no significant difference at 6 weeks postpartum . At 12 weeks postpartum ,the pass rate of class Ⅰ muscle fiber was 78 .5% ,and that of class Ⅱ muscle fiber was 83 .3% in the training group ;the pass rate of class Ⅰ muscle fiber was 28 .5% ,and class Ⅱ muscle fiber was 37 .3% in the control group , the improvement was significant at 12 weeks postpartum . Conclusions The result of the transperineal real-time ultrasonographic evaluation of post-natal pelvic floor rehabilitation training has high consistency with the measurement of muscle strength . The ultrasound examination is simple and accurate ,and has highly applicable value in evaluating the effect of post-pelvic rehabilitation training .

Objective To investigate the current situation and related risk factors of healthcare-associated infection (HAI),so as to provide evidence for making prevention and control measures of HAI.Methods On November 26, 2014,a combination method of bedside visiting and medical record reviewing was adopted to survey HAI status, pathogen examination,and antimicrobial application in all hospitalized patients in a tertiary first class military hospi-tal.Results A total of 1 657 hospitalized patients were investigated,66 patients developed 71 times of HAI,HAI rate and HAI case rate were 3.98% and 4.28% respectively.The top 4 departments with HAI prevalence rates were departments of neurosurgery (24.49%),hematology(19.05%),cadre ward(13.73%),and burn surgery (10.91 %).The top 5 HAI sites were lower respiratory tract (40.85%),urinary tract(23.94%),upper respirato-ry tract(12.68%),surgical site(9.86%),and gastrointestinal tract(5.63%).Of 66 cases of HAI,39 (59.09%) patients sent specimens for culture,a total of 48 pathogens were cultured,the major isolated bacteria was Esche-richia coli (n = 10,20.84%),followed by Staphylococcus aureus ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,each was 7 (14.58 %)respectively.The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 34.40%,specimen de-tection rate in patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic+prophylactic antimicrobial agents was 59.28%.Risk factors for HAI were age <2 years old or >60 years,with respirator,tracheotomy,urinary tract catheterization, arteriovenous catheterization,hemodialysis,and surgery,difference was significant(all P <0.05).Conclusion Mo-nitoring on key departments and key sites of HAI should be strengthened,antimicrobial agents should be used rationally based on pathogenic detection results,specimen pathogenic detection rate should be improved,and effective prevention and control measures needs to be taken according to the risk factors of HAI.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety, and the brief-and prolongedterm therapeutic efficacy for im- plantation of biodegradable stent Excel combined with Tirofiban made in China into patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). MethodA total of 301 patients were divided into Excel group (n = 100), Cypher group (n =102) and bare metal stem(BMS) (n = 99). The Tirofiban used in three groups was administered intravenously during and after operation.The loading dose of Tirofiban was 10 μg/kg given within 3 min followed by a Tirofiban intravenous maintenance infusion in 0.15 μg/(kg·min) with micro pump for 48 hours. Safety and efficacy were compared among three groups after stents implantation by the observation of TIMI flow, complication of bleeding, changes of platelet count, haematoglobin and hematocrit, incidence of angina, acute and subacute thrombosis inner stent and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and target ves-sel revascularization). Follow-up information got from out-patient clinic and telephone call including incidence of angina, MACE and rehospitalization were comapared sucessively 1 month, 6 monthes and 12 monthes after dis- charge. ResultsAmong there groups,there were no significant differences in demographics,and physical and lab-oratory findings before treatment. Successful rate of implantation was 100 percent and the TIMI flow of class Ⅲ was found in all patients. There was no complication of stroke and massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract, and no significant differences in complication of bleeding, platelet count, hemoglobin and hematocrit after implantation. Incidence rates of acute thrombosis were 0, 0.98 and 1.01 percent in three groups, and there was no significant difference in acute thrombosis inner stent among three groups (P >0.05). The rates of angina, sub.acute stent thrombosis, MACE and rehospitalization among three groups had no differences at 1 month and 6 monthes follow-up (P > 0.05), but significant differences were not found until 12 monthes follow-up (P < 0.05). Conclusions Drug-eluting stent Excel with biodegradable polymer combined with Tirofiban made in China implanted in patients with ACS were capable of preventing acute and later thrombosis inner stent. This procedure had favourable safety, and brief-term and proionge-term therapeutic efficacy.