AngiotensinⅡ is a biologically activated peptide of the rennin-angiotensin system(RAS).Beside constracting vascular and regulating blood pressure,AngⅡplays an important role in the development of tumor,inflammation and angiogenesis.The expression and major intracellular signaling pathways of AngⅡ and AngⅡ receptors in tumor are reviewed.

Objectives To learn the bednet use and influential factors among Wa and Lahu ethnics,and further to explore feasible ways of promoting the use of bednets and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Methods Questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis with EpiInfo 2000 software package were carried out. Results Only did 2.8% [95% confidence intervals(95%CI):1.2%-5.4%] of Wa and 4.8 % (95%CI:2.8%-8.1%) of Lahu ethnic members use bednets frequently or sometimes. Bednets were not available for 67.7% (95% CI:62.0%-73.1%) of Wa and 59.7% (95% CI:53.1%- 66.1%) of Lahu ethnic peoples. Most people who had bednets did not often use them for anti-mosquitoes. Results of multivariate logistic regression confirmed significant correlation between bednet use and knowledge of malaria prevention. Conclusion The coverage and use rates are very low in the two ethnical minorities. Health education, communication and social marketing are the strategies for promoting the usage of bednet and ITNs.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the pollution characteristics of major heavy metals in PM2.5 in urban areas of Haikou City, and to assess their potential health risks to humans. Methods　From 2021 to 2022, samples of atmospheric PM2.5 were monthly collected from the typical urban areas of Haikou, and the concentrations of nine heavy metal elements including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) were measured using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The health risk assessment of these heavy metals was conducted using a health risk model. Results　The average mass concentration of PM2.5 in Haikou was (20.506±13.054) µg/m³, with a range of 4.000 to 64.000 µg/m³ during the year 2021 and 2022. The PM2.5 concentrations showed significant seasonal variations: highest in winter, followed by autumn and spring, and lowest in summer. The total concentration of the nine heavy metal elements ranged from 0.030 to 138.000 ng/m³, with Zn, Mn, and Pb having the highest concentrations, particularly notable during the autumn and winter seasons. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis indicated moderate enrichment (10 Cd > Cr > As > Pb > V > Zn > Cu > Ni. The total non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) ranged from 0.171 to 0.361. The inhalation incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk values (ILCR) for the four elements Cr, As, Cd, and Ni ranged from 2.911×10-7 to 1.558×10-5, with ILCR decreasing in that order. The total carcinogenic risk index (TR) varied between 1.502×10-5 and 3.169×10-5, with risk intensities for HI and TR in the order: children > adult males > adult females. Conclusions　The average PM2.5 concentration in the Haikou urban area is lower than the 24-hour average concentration limit of Grade I (35 µg/m3) in the "Environmental Air Quality Standard" (GB 3095-2012), but still higher than the control standard recommended by the WHO in 2021 (15 µg/m3). The non-carcinogenic health risks of the nine heavy metal elements detected in PM2.5 are not significant, but Cr and As have potential carcinogenic risks, with children being more vulnerable than other populations.

Objective To determine the effects of sexual hormone therapy at varied doses on prevention of bone mineral loss in Chinese postmenopausal women. Methods From March 2002 to March 2003, 90 Chinese postmenopausal women were randomly divided into three groups, each given one of the following regiments for 12 months, estradiol valerate (EV) 1 mg plus medroxyprogesterone (MPA) 2 mg for group A (31 subjects), eonjngated estradiol (ethinylestradiol-3-cyclopentylether, CEE) 0.45 mg plus MPA 2 mg for group B (29 subjects) and livial 1.25 mg for group C (30 subjects), respectively. In addition, 400 mg of elemental calcium were given daily to all those women. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the 2nd to 4th lumbar vertebra (L2～4) and biochemical markers of bone turnover, urine N-telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen/creatinine(NTX/Cr) and serum total alkaline phnsphatase (ALP), were measured before and after drug administration. Results After treatment for 12 months, BMD of the L2～4 increased significantly by 0.039 g/cm2(P<0.01) in group B, but not significantly in group A or group C (P<0.05). Increases in BMD of the L2～4 was more in group B than that in group A and group C, respectively (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in BMD increase between group A and group C was found (P >0.05). After treatment for 6 months, urine NTX/Cr reduced from the baseline for all the three groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference among group A, group B and group C was found (P >0.05). After treatment for 12 months, serum ALP significantly reduced from the baseline for all the three groups (P <0.01), but no significant difference among group A, group B and group C wag found (P > 0.05). Conclusions Sexual hormone therapy at varied doses lower than regular one for 12 months was effective in preventing bone mineral less in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND:Posterior dislocation after total hip replacement is one of the most common complications that second only to loosen, and can affect the stability of the hip joint seriously. There is controversy on the effect of femoral head diameter and acetabular anteversion on the stability of hip joint in clinical study. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the femoral head diameter and acetabular anteversion on the stability of hip joint after hip prosthesis replacement. METHODS:The femoral head diameter and acetabular anteversion that affect the posterior instability after hip prosthesis replacement were measured on the cadaveric bone. The acetabular shel was inserted at 0°-20° of anteversion at five degree intervals. The femoral heads with different diameters (28, 32 and 36 mm) were used for experiment, the internal rotation degrees to dislocation caused by hip at 90° flexion and 0° adduction and at 90° flexion and 30° adduction were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the cup anteversion varied from 0° to 15°, there was an increase in the degree of internal rotation angle that could cause hip dislocation with the increasing of femoral head diameter (P<0.05). When the cup anteversion varied from 15° to 20°, the increasing trend was not significant. With the hip at 90° flexion and 0° adduction, and the cup anteversion varied from 15° to 20°, the stability of 36 mm group was significantly higher than that of the 28 mm and 32 mm groups (P<0.01);the stability of 32 mm group was higher than that of 28 mm group when the acetabular anteversion in 10° or more (P<0.05);there was no significant difference in stability between groups when the anteversion less than 10°. With the hip at 90° flexion and 30° adduction, the stability of 36 mm group was significantly higher than that of the 28 mm and 32 mm groups (P<0.01);the stability of 32 mm group was higher than that of 28 mm group when the acetabular anteversion in 10° or more (P<0.05);there was no significant difference in stability between groups when the anteversion less than 10°. The results indicate that the increasing of acetabular anteversion can reduce the occurrence of dip dislocation, but when it is difficult to choice the acetabular anteversion, large-diameter femoral head is preferred to increase the stability of hip joint.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of working enthusiasm among public hospital medical staff in underdeveloped areas.Methods:With the method of stratified sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 310 public hospital medical staff.The influencing factors of working enthusiasm were analyzed using the method of factor analysis and Ordinal Logistic model.Results:From the 14 incentives,we extracted three common factors including relationship development,living,and leisure.After the analysis of Ordinal Logistic model,it showed that the main influencing factors of the enthusiasm were the relationship development,leisure and hospital grade.Conclusion:It should put medical staff member leave system into effect to create a good atmosphere for relationships,and provide a reasonable space for promotion to enhance the enthusiasm of medical staff.

Objective To study the relationship between plasma lipids and gallbladder stones(GD).Methods The plasma lipids levels were determined and GD was diagnosed by ultrasonic instrument in 5 982 subjects,then the occurrence of GD was compared between hyperlipemia and no-hyperlipemia.Results The detectable rate of GD of the hyperlipemia was 9.86% and that of the no-hyperlipemia was 7.00%,the difference was significant(P0.05,OR=1.223,95%CI:1.127-2.748).Conclusion The prevalence rate of GD in hyperlipemia patients is higher than that in normal plasma lipids subjects.The sick risk of GD in patients with hypercholesterolemia is much higher than that in persons with normal total cholesterol levels.Sex has no influence on the formation of GD in hyperlipemia patients.

Aim To observe the expression of epider-mal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) in cerebral tissues around hematomas after intracerebral hemorrhage, and explore the effects of EGFR on activation of astrocytes derived from rats and the involved mechanisms. Meth-ods The specimens of cerebral tissues around hemo-tomas after intracerebral hemorrhage undergoing hemo-tomas removal operation were collected and then divid-ed into 4 groups according to the time of intracerebral hemorrhage: <1 d, 1 ~5 d, 6 ~10 d and >10 d groups. Each group included 20 cases. At the same time, 20 dropped brain tissues distant to hemorrhage in the operative process were collected as control group. Immunohistostaining and Western blot were used to measure the expression of EGFR. After isolation and culturing, the astrocytes of rat cortex were treated with culture solution ( control group) , CNTF that was used to activate astrocytes, scramble siRNA + CNTF and EGFR siRNA +CNTF for 24h, respectively. The ex-pression of glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP) mR-NA was detected through fluorescence real-time quanti-tative PCR. In addition, the protein levels of GFAP, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 ( STAT3 ) and phosphorylated STAT3 ( p-STAT3 ) were examined using Western blot. Results With the ex-tension of intracerebral hemorrhage time, positive sig-nal index and protein expression levels of EGFR gradu-ally elevated, reached the peak on 6 ~10d, and then decreased after 10 d. There was statistical difference ( P<0. 01 ) . The expression levels of GFAP mRNA and protein as well as p-STAT3 were significantly in-creased in cells treated with CNTF alone as compared to control group ( P <0. 01 ) , whereas these effects were almost completely reversed by EGFR siRNA transfection ( P <0. 01 ) . Additionally, there was no statistical difference in STAT3 protein levels among groups ( P >0. 05 ) . Conclusions EGFR expression is upregulated in the cerebral tissues around hemotomas after intracerebral hemorrhage. Gene silence of EGFR contributes to suppressing the activation of astrocytes derived from rats, which may be involved in the block-ade of STAT3 phosphorylation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value of human leukocyte antigen DR(HLA-DR) expression on monocytes in prediction of prognosis in patients with hospital acquired pneumonia(HAP).METHODS A total of 68 patients suffered from HAP and transferred to intensive care unit(ICU) were enrolled in the study and divided into survivors group and nonsurvivors group according to prognosis.HLA-DR expression on monocytes,acute physiology,age and chronic health evaluation((APACHE)) Ⅱ score,serum cortisol level,T lymphocytes(subpopulation) and natural killer(NK) cell were observed.Relationship between HLA-DR expression on(monocytes) and APACHE Ⅱ score and 28-day mortality rates was analyzed through Logistic regression model.(RESULTS) HLA-DR expression on monocytes in nonsurvivors was significantly lower than that in survivors (P

Objective To compare the clinical complications between S2 alar-iliac(S2AI) screw and iliac screw(IS) fixation technique.Methods The data of 65 patients who were diagnosed as degenerative scoliosis and underwent spinopelvic fixation in our hospital from August 2010 to July 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.These patients were divided into the iliac screw fixation group (IS group) with 43 patients and the S2 alar iliac fixation group (S2AI group) with 22 patients according to different methods.The complications included screw loosening,screw breakage,acute infections,delayed wound infection and persistent pain over the gluteal region occurring longer than 3 months postoperatively were recorded.Results There were 8cases with screw loosening and 13 cases with gluteal pain in IS group,while there were no screw loosening and only 2 cases with gluteal pain in S2AI group.The average onset of gluteal pain were 11.8 months postoperatively in the IS group and 18 months postoperatively in the S2AI group.It showed that the absolute risk reduction(ARR) of screw loosening and late pain in the S2AI group was 18.6%,which was lower than 21.1% in the IS group. In the IS group, there were a total of 5 cases of delayed wound infection. Finally,3 caes of them were cured by irrigation and debridement only.and the other 2 cases were cured by irrigation and debridement with implant removal.There were no cases of delayed wound infection in the S2AI group.Conclusion The S2AI technique is associated with significantly less clinical and radiographic complications when compared with the iliac screws technique,it is a kind of internal fixation of spine and pelvis,which is worthy of being popularized by spine surgeons.