Objective To investigate the effect of Tetramethyl Pyrazine(TMP) for treating cerebral infarct by observing infarct areas,and to research its function mechanism by observing the changes of the expressions of ED1,TNF-? and IL-1? in the infarction region after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods Sixty SD male rats in healthy condition were randomly and averagely divided into normal group,model group and TMP high,middle and low dose group.The cerebral infarct animal model was reproduced by modified thread-tie method.TMP high dose group was administered TMP 140 mg/kg,middle dose group was 120 mg/kg and low dose group was 100 mg/kg by intravenous.Then all the rats were killed.Thirty rats were taken to evaluate whether TMP can decrease the ratio of cerebral infarction areas in the TTC-reacting and formalin fixation brain tissue slices taken from the above-mentioned killed rats,with Pathology Image Analysis System.The masculine of ED1,IL-1? and TNF-? in the immuno-reacting cells in cerebral infarction brain tissue slice taken from other thirty killed rats were observed.Results TMP groups decreased the ratio of cerebral infarction areas,and also decreased ED1,TNF-? and IL-1? in immuno-reacting cell.Conclusion TMP can decrease the formation of cerebral infarction caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion and its effect is possibly related to the activation of microglia,as well as the immuno-positive expressions of TNF-? and IL-1?.

Objective To investigate the FYES and FYX allele expression situation of Duffy blood group in Han population of Nanjing area.Methods The genomic DNA was randomly extracted from peripheral EDTA-K2 anticoagulation blood samples in 200 voluntary blood donors and Duffy blood group FYA and FYB allele typing was performed by PCR-SSP.The EYES and FYX allele sequence charateristics of Duffy blood group were analyzed by adopting Sanger double deoxygenation gene sequencing method.Results The PCR genotyping results were consistent with the sequencing results.Among 200 samples,180 cases were FYA/FYA and 20 cases were FYA/FYB;the sequencing results showed that FYES and FYX allele expression was not been found in 200 samples.Conclusion The expression frequencies of FYES and FYX alleles are extremely low in Han population of Nanjing area,which has significant difference compared with other races.

With the development of world-wide integration in the field of education and under the Bologna Process of Russia, Russian high medical colleges have begun actively searching a new way to reform medical education. However, they have encountered many problems due to the unique feature of Russian higher medical education. To analyze those problems will help us to deepen the understanding of Russian high medical colleges and strengthen Sino-Russia exchanges and cooperation.

BACKGROUND: Balance disorder of the two neurotransmitters-dopamine and glutamic acid in striatum, participates in the pathogenic process of Parkinson disease. Whether or not electroacupuncutre can regulate the content of glutamic acid in striatum in the treatment of Parkinson disease so as to recover the balance of the two neurotransmitters is needed further investigation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of content of excitatory amino acid (glutamic acid) in striatum of rat with Parkinson disease and the effects of electroacupuncture intervention on these changes.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Teaching and Research Section of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in Laboratory for Important Subject (Acupuncture and Moxibustion) of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February to August 2002. A total of 40 healthy SD rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, normal group, model group, sham operation group and electroacupuncutre group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Model group: Rotation model of rat with Parkinson disease was established by method of chemical damage on right substantia nigra.Sham operation group: Method of sham operation was the same as model group, and 3.4 μL physiological saline was injected. Electroacupuncture group: Electroacupuncture treatment was given after model establishment;took Atlas of Experimental Animal Acupoints as reference, selected the acupoints of Taichong and Fengfu, pierced with needles which were connected with G6805 electroacupuncture therapeutic apparatus under the condition of continuous waves and frequency of 2 Hz for 30 minutes, once a day for consecutive 7 days, then detected the content of glutamic acid.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Content of glutamic acid in bilateral striatum of rat in normal group, sham operation group, model group and electroacupuncture group, which was detected by automatic amino acid analyzer.RESULTS: The content of glutamic acid in right striatum of rat in model group was significantly higher than that in contralateral striatum, normal group and sham operation group [the contents of glutamic acid in model group, contralateral striatum, normal group and sham operation group were (101.6±7.49), (71.4±5.65), (61.8±4.38), (62.6±5.21) μg/g respectively,P ＜ 0.01]. The content of glutamic acid in right striatum in electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than that in model group [the contents of glutamic acid in electroacupuncture group and model group were (83.7±5.68), (101.6±7.49) μg/g respectively, P ＜ 0.05], but still higher than that in normal group and sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the contents of glutamic acid in left striatum in each group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Excitatory amino acid participates in the pathogenic process of Parkinson disease. Therefore, one of the approaches of electroacupuncture treatnent for Parkinsonism is reducing the release of excitatory amino acid.

Objective:To investigate spinal cord neurons fos,heat shock protein 70(HSP70)change and influence of Danshen Injection after the rats’limb ischemia reperfusion.Methods:Through temporarily interdict the rat’s one side iliac artery and femoral artery to establish the model of the limb ischemia reperfusion injury.Using the immunohistochemical method of ABC to observe the expressions about neurons fos and HSP70 positive neurons and the character about their distributions,as well as their change after being intervened by Danshen Injection n.Results:The rats’spinal cord neurons fos and HSP70 expressions increased in four hours later the limb ischemia(P

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalic substantia nigra(MSN) of rats with Parkinson′s disease (PD). Methods A model of PD was induced in rats by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the MSN. Acupuncture was then used to treat the model rats. To examine the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons and the concentration of dopamine (DA) were measured in a normal control group、a sham-operation group、the EA group and the PD group which received no EA. Results In the EA group, markedly less apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons was observed, and the number of TH positive neurons and the concentration of DA were significantly higher. Conclusion Electroacupuncture may mitigate injury to the substantial nigra in Parkinson′s disease.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cel transplantation has a certain controversy in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, and its effects on the receptor liver structure and function need further studies.
OBJECTIVE:To study the changes in liver ultrastructure, stereology parameters and liver function indexes of rat models with liver cirrhosis treated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation.
METHODS:Rat models of liver cirrhosis were made using carbon tetrachloride and treated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation. Liver ultrastructure of al the rats were observed by transmission electron microscope, the stereology parameters of the hepatic sinusoid were analyzed by a stereology analysis software, and the serum liver function indexes were detected by a biochemical analyzer.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The hepatic cels in the rat models exhibited acute hypoxia, lots of mitochondria were destroyed, and obvious karyopycnosis and capilarization of the hepatic sinusoid were found. The liver ultrastructure of rats undergoing cel transplantation was improved remarkably, the hepatic cel nucleus was nearly normal, mitochondrial sweling relieved notably and nuclear pore clogging lessened. (2) The number of hepatic sinusoids in the model group was reduced dramaticaly, but the total area and mean diameter of the hepatic sinusoid were enlarged significantly as compared with the cel transplantation and normal groups (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the model group, the albumin level was significantly increased, but the levels of alanine aminotransferase and direct bilirubin were significantly decreased in the cel transplantation (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the level of aspartate aminotransferase between the model and cel transplantation groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can improve liver function and structure of rats with liver cirrhosis and lessen pathological changes of hepatic sinusoid, so it is an effective treatment for liver cirrhosis.

Objective To analyze the differences with the expression of glucocorticoids receptor isoforms ( GRα, GRβ, GRγand GR-P ) and cytokines [ IL-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), IFN-γand IL-10] between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid ar-thritis ( RA) , and to further understand their correlations with disease activities.Methods Fifty-five pa-tients with SLE, forty-nine patients with RA and thirty-eight healthy subjects were recruited in this study. All patients were steroid-naive.The expression of GRα, GRβ, GRγ, and GR-P in peripheral blood mononu-clear cells at transcript levels were determined by real-time PCR.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of IL-6, MIF, IFN-γand IL-10 in serum samples.Results The percentages of GRαin all subjects were the highest among four isoforms of GR, followed by GR-P, GRγand GRβ.Com-pared with healthy subjects, patients with SLE or RA showed significantly decreased expression of GRα( P<0.05), but increased expression of GR-P (P<0.05).The percentages of GR-P in patients with RA were higher than those in patients with SLE (P<0.05).The expression of GRαwas negatively correlated with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and disease activity score 28 (DAS28).SLE or RA patients with high disease activity showed lower expression of GRαthan those with low disease activity.The levels of IL-6, IFN-γand MIF in patients with SLE or RA were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects ( P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between the expression of IL-6 and GRαin patients with SLE (P<0.05).The expression of IFN-γwas negatively correlated with GRαin patients with RA (P<0.05). Conclusion There were significant differences with the expression of GR isoforms among patients with SLE, patients with RA and healthy subjects, indicating the change of internal environment in patients might be in-volved in GR alternative splicing.GRαwas the predominant isoform and was negatively correlated with dis-ease activities.Oversecretion of cytokines resulted in a decreased expression of GRα.This study would be useful for the diagnosis of the disease status and for monitoring clinical treatment.

Objective To observe the effects of parathyroidectomy(PTX) on bone metabolism and bone mineral density(BMD) in maintenance hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).Methods A total of 26 dialysis patients with SHPT were treated with PTX.Serum calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels were determined by standard methods.The levels of serum intact parathyroid (iPTH),osteocalcin (OC),procollagen type Ⅰ aminoterminal propeptide (PINP),β-crosslaps (β-CTX) were measured by chemiluminescence.BMD was measured by dual energy X ray absorptiometry.iPTH,OC,PINP,β-CTX,serum calcium,phosphorus,ALP were measured before parathyroidectomy and 1,3,6,12,18,24 months after operation.Lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were measured before and 24 months after PTX.Results Compared with that before operation,serum OC[(104.49±25.42) μg/L vs (695.46±355.62) μg/L,P ＜ 0.01] and PINP levels [(248.36 ± 159.38) μg/L vs (809.28 ± 283.50) μg/L,P＜ 0.01] progressively decreased 3 months after PTX,and serum β-CTX levels [(1.60±0.64) μg/L vs (3.37±1.34) μg/L,P ＜ 0.01] decreased 1 month after PTX.Compared with that before operation,BMD levels increased 24months after PTX in LS[(0.88±0.23) g/cm2 vs (0.78±0.23) g/cm2,P ＜ 0.01] andFN[(0.96±0.19) g/cm2 vs (0.84±0.24) g/cm2,P ＜ 0.01],and Z-scores were also increased in both LS[(-1.24±0.55) vs (-1.66± 0.24),P ＜ 0.01] and FN[(-1.51 ±0.72) vs (-1.93 ± 0.40),P ＜ 0.01].Correlation analysis showed that baseline iPTH was positively correlated with ⊿Z-score in FN (r=0.584,P=0.002) and LS (r=0.400,P=0.043),and so did the OC with ⊿Z-score in FN (r=0.651,P ＜ 0.001) and LS (r=0.509,P=0.008).Conclusion The levels of OC,PINP and β-CTX are reduced and BMD is improved in hemodialysis patients with SHPT after PTX.

Objective To investigate the effect of lipoteichoic acid from Bifidobacterium loaded with magnetic particle nano-sized-Fe3O4(nano-sized-Fe3O4-BLTA)on several cytokines in vivo expression in beterologous graft model for human gastric cancer in nude mice.and to analyze the inhibition mechanism of nano-sized-Fe3 O4-BLTA on BGC-823 human gastric carcinoma transplanted tumor.Methods Forty male nude mice(BALB/e.nu/nu)were used for in vivo transplant tumor model.the experimental animals were randomly divided into five groups to administrated by several dosages of Hano-sized-Fe3 O4-BLTA,and were executed after 12 d.The tumors were collected and photographed.and the tumor tissues were used for differ-ent assays for measuring tumor inhibition.The peritoneal fluid was extracted to isolate the macrophages for cytokines assays.Using irmnunohistochemical staining for vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and CD3 l in tumor to investigate the tumor inhibition rate.Double antibody sandwich ELISA was used to detect the level of cytokine change.Results The mice treated with low dosage(10 μg/d)of nano-sized-Fe3O4-BLTA.the growth inhibifion rate of tumor was 49%,and the levels of VEGF(0.0224±0.0763)and CD31 (57.000 4±6.790)were lower than other treated groups(P<0.01).The high dosage(100μg/d)and me-dium dosage(50μg/d)of nano-sized-Fe3 O4-BLTA groups were significant difference(P<0.01)on the content of cytokines excreted by macrophages.The level of TNF-α(39.4040 ±-1.5590)induced by the low dosage group was higher relatively(P<0.01).Conclusion Nano-sized-Fe3O4-BLTA exerts an inhibiting effect on the growth of human gastric cancer in nude mice.Using nano-sited-Fe3 O4-BLTA,LTA can get more permeability and improve the therapy effect.which will be a new drug on the stomach cancer targeted therapy.