1.200 hearts,with the coronary arteries injected with color mass,were used to study the origins of the coronary artery and the accessory coronary artery.Another 300 hearts from the pathological specimens and 30 casts of coronary arteries(with a total of 530)were used to study the distribution of the coronary arteries. 2.For the position of the orifices of the coronary arteries,it is found that:(1) In the longitudinal position,most of the orifices are situated within aortic sinuses,but the left orifice is usually a little higher than the right.(2)In the transverse position, the left orifice is usually situated nearby the midsinal line,while the right is usually somewhat rightward. 3.Accessory coronary artery,which is defined as any branch of coronary artery originates directly from the aorta,is present in 43.5% of the 200 hearts studied.All of them originate from the aortic sinus nearby the right coronary orifice.Almost half of them are distributed to the conus arteriosus and the neighboring anterior wall of right ventricle,the remaining half are distributed to the adipose tissue at the right side of the conus arteriosus and the root of pulmonary artery. 4.Among the 530 specimens observed,it is found that on the diaphragmatic sur- face,the right coronary artery is the predominate one.Type Ⅱ(39.4%)and type Ⅲ (37%)are common types of distribution of coronary arteries.

Objective To study the role of activated microglia transplantation in recovery of hindlimb locomotor function in rats with spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods A total of 40 female adult Wistar rats were selected and divided into four groups randomly(10 rats in each group).The former two groups were locomotor function observation groups,in which rat model with spinal cord was established by striking with improved self-made Allen's strike equipment to fabricate moderate spinal cord injury and divided into transplantation group and control group.The latter two were histological observation groups,the spinal cord injury model was fabricated by the same above-mentioned method and divided into transplantation and control groups.Before fabricating the spinal cord injury model,the microglia of the newborn rats were cultured,separated,purified and identified and the purity of the microglia determined.The injury position was exposed again seven days after transplantation and the cell suspension of microglia was injected around the injury position with microsyringe,which was free in the control group.The hindlimb locomotor function of rats was detected and scored at 1 day,1,2,3 and 4 weeks in the locomotor function observation groups after transplantation respectively.At the same time,two rats were extracted randomly from the control group and the transplantation group in histological observation groups to cut specimen and slice for Naoumenko-Feign paraffin section and dying.Then,the microglia were observed and counted by microscope and analyzed statistically. Results At 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after operation,the BBB score of the control group and the transplantation group was increased gradually with the time.But compared with the control group,transplantation group had higher scores of hindlimb locomotor function at 2,3 and 4 weeks after operation,with statistical difference(P＜0.05).Naoumenko-Feigin paraffin section and dying and microglia counting showed that positive microglia number in the transplantation group was increased more obviously than the control group,with statistical difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion Activated microglia transplantation can promote the recovery of the hindlimb locomotor function in SCI rats.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of proper management of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical and pathological data of 70 patients who received LPD due to pancreatic head tumors, periampullary tumors, or distal common bile duct tumors in the Pancreatic Center of the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. There were 47 males(67.1%) and 23 females(32.9%),aged (59.9±12.8)years(range:13 to 87 years).The procedure of IPDA exposure was as follows:a middle approach was utilized to expose the right half of superior mesenteric artery(SMA) and its right branches between the SMA and superior mesenteric vein(SMV) in superior colonic region. In the subcolonic region,SMA trunk exposure via dissection along the jejunal artery from feet to head and identification the association between IPDA and jejunal artery were prior to IPDA root ligation and dissection. The safety and efficacy of intraoperative IPDA handling were assessed based on surgical videos. Follow-up was carried out in outpatient clinic or by telephone, and outpatient follow-up was conducted once every 1 to 3 months after surgery.Results:The percentage of total LPD was 98.6%(69/70),with all patients achieving R0 resection. Nine cases(12.9%) were involved in combined vascular resection and reconstruction,with 1 case (1.4%) requiring additional upper abdominal incision for vascular and gastrointestinal reconstruction,while the remaining eight cases (11.4%) were completed laparoscopically. The operative time was (432.7±115.4)minutes(range:282 to 727 minutes), and the blood loss was (140.0±125.7)ml(range:20 to 800 ml). Only two patients(2.9%) received fresh frozen plasma transfusion,with an average volume of 650 ml. Reliable ligation and safe handling of the IPDA were achieved in 91.4%(64/70) of cases, with 8.6%(6/70) suffering from IPDA injury-related bleeding. No one was converted to opened surgery. Pathologically,the mean tumor size was (3.3±1.6)cm (range:1 to 7 cm),and the mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 17.0±7.3(range:0 to 46). Lymph node metastasis was observed in 13 cases (18.6%). Five cases (13.2%) developed grade B pancreatic fistula,while no grade C pancreatic fistula occurred. Other complications included bile leakage in one case(1.4%),delayed gastric emptying in two cases(2.9%), lymphatic leakage in 2 cases(2.9%),intra-abdominal infection in 9 cases(12.9%),and fat liquefaction of surgical incision in 1 case(1.4%). Two cases(2.9%) experienced postoperative intra-abdominal bleeding,one due to mesangial bleeding of lesser curvature of the stomach and the other due to oozing from the hepatic arterial sheath. These bleeding events were not concerned with IPDA. The average length of postoperative hospital stay was (15.2±4.6)days(range:9 to 28 days).Conclusion:Proper intraoperative management of IPDA in LPD might reduce IPDA-related bleeding during and after surgery and improve the safety of LPD.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of proper management of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical and pathological data of 70 patients who received LPD due to pancreatic head tumors, periampullary tumors, or distal common bile duct tumors in the Pancreatic Center of the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. There were 47 males(67.1%) and 23 females(32.9%),aged (59.9±12.8)years(range:13 to 87 years).The procedure of IPDA exposure was as follows:a middle approach was utilized to expose the right half of superior mesenteric artery(SMA) and its right branches between the SMA and superior mesenteric vein(SMV) in superior colonic region. In the subcolonic region,SMA trunk exposure via dissection along the jejunal artery from feet to head and identification the association between IPDA and jejunal artery were prior to IPDA root ligation and dissection. The safety and efficacy of intraoperative IPDA handling were assessed based on surgical videos. Follow-up was carried out in outpatient clinic or by telephone, and outpatient follow-up was conducted once every 1 to 3 months after surgery.Results:The percentage of total LPD was 98.6%(69/70),with all patients achieving R0 resection. Nine cases(12.9%) were involved in combined vascular resection and reconstruction,with 1 case (1.4%) requiring additional upper abdominal incision for vascular and gastrointestinal reconstruction,while the remaining eight cases (11.4%) were completed laparoscopically. The operative time was (432.7±115.4)minutes(range:282 to 727 minutes), and the blood loss was (140.0±125.7)ml(range:20 to 800 ml). Only two patients(2.9%) received fresh frozen plasma transfusion,with an average volume of 650 ml. Reliable ligation and safe handling of the IPDA were achieved in 91.4%(64/70) of cases, with 8.6%(6/70) suffering from IPDA injury-related bleeding. No one was converted to opened surgery. Pathologically,the mean tumor size was (3.3±1.6)cm (range:1 to 7 cm),and the mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 17.0±7.3(range:0 to 46). Lymph node metastasis was observed in 13 cases (18.6%). Five cases (13.2%) developed grade B pancreatic fistula,while no grade C pancreatic fistula occurred. Other complications included bile leakage in one case(1.4%),delayed gastric emptying in two cases(2.9%), lymphatic leakage in 2 cases(2.9%),intra-abdominal infection in 9 cases(12.9%),and fat liquefaction of surgical incision in 1 case(1.4%). Two cases(2.9%) experienced postoperative intra-abdominal bleeding,one due to mesangial bleeding of lesser curvature of the stomach and the other due to oozing from the hepatic arterial sheath. These bleeding events were not concerned with IPDA. The average length of postoperative hospital stay was (15.2±4.6)days(range:9 to 28 days).Conclusion:Proper intraoperative management of IPDA in LPD might reduce IPDA-related bleeding during and after surgery and improve the safety of LPD.

Objective:To improve the dosimetric accuracy of cell irradiation experiments by developing a method of accurately measuring the absorbed dose of ultra-thin solution in culture dishes under 200 kV medium-energy X-rays using EBT3 films.Methods:EBT3 film dose calibration was performed under Cyberknife 6 MV beam, and the beam quality (half-value layer) and effective energy of the 200 kV beam used in this study generated from Small Animal Radiation Research Platform through measurements and calculations were obtained to determine the EBT3 energy response correction factor. The 200 kV beam was utilized to irradiate three commonly used culture dishes filled with ultra-thin liquid placed on EBT3 films and the corrected EBT3 doses were taken as the liquid absorbed doses. The dose linearity of immersed films was also measured and analyzed. In addition, after modeling the irradiation environment, the independent Monte Carlo calculations of the liquid absorbed dose were performed by MCNP5 program. The calculation results were compared with the film measurement results to verify the accuracy of the measured doses.Results:The 200 kV beam had a half-value layer of 8.77 mm aluminum and effective energy of 57.4 keV, corresponding to an energy response correction factor of 0.889. The average liquid absorbed doses of large, medium and small culture dishes measured by EBT3 films under the specified parameters of 200 kV beam were (1.434±0.004) Gy, (1.467±0.011) Gy and (1.469±0.027) Gy after correction, respectively. The percentage errors from the corresponding Monte Carlo calculation doses were 0.07%, -0.70%, and 0.47%, respectively, where the relatively consistent results could be found. In addition, the dose linearity of immersed EBT3 films was also good, with coefficient of determination R2=0.9972. Conclusion:The method of measuring the dose of ultra-thin cell solution using EBT3 films proposed in this study is feasible, and the dose results obtained yield high accuracy under 200 kV beam.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of Da Vinci robot in the treatment of thyroid cancer with hyperthyroidism via bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA). Methods: The clinical data of 21 patients with thyroid cancer complicated with hyperthyroidism who received thyroidectomy + central lymph node dissection and(or)neck lymph node dissection using the Da Vinci through axillo-bilateral-breast approach in the thyroid and breast surgery of the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, from February 2014 to February 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data of 21 patients were used as observation group, including 5 males and 16 females, aged (46.03±3.08) years. At the same period, 19 patients with the thyroid cancer complicated with hyperthyroidism who underwent traditional open surgery were selected as the control group, including 5 males and 14 females, aged (47.06±2.03) years. The t test, rank sum test, and χ² test were used to compare the operation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative pain (VAS), cosmetic outcome satisfaction, and related surgical complications between the two groups. Results: All the patients of the two groups completed the operation successfully. The operation time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group [(191.12±3.17) vs (145.37±6.37) min, P<0.05]; The postoperative pain degree score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group [(3.40±1.12) points vs (5.10±1.19) points, P<0.05]. The cosmetic effect score of the observation group was better than that of the control group [(9.10±3.03) points vs (5.05±1.02) points, P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in the amount of intraoperative blood loss, mean postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital stay, central lymph node metastasis and complication rate between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Tg level and recurrence rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Da Vinci robotic assisted treatment for thyroid cancer with hyperthyroidism is safe and feasible, which with good cosmetic and privacy protection effects.