Objective To investigate the effects of Huangqi Sijun Decoction on the levels of thyroxin and cAMP and cGMP in model rats with spleen deficiency syndrome and to explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Male SD rats aged three months were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,spleen deficiency model group and Huangqi Sijun Decoction group.The rat models of spleen deficiency syndrome were established by gavage with the decoction of Rhubarb.The serum levels of thyroxin(T4),3,5,3'-triiodothyronine(T3),thyrotropin(TSH)and plasma levels of cAMP,cGMP were determined.Results T3 and T4 were significantly lower but the levels of cAMP and cAMP/cGMP were significantly higher in the spleen deficiency models than those in the normal control group(P

Brain injury is one of the most serious diseases in neonatal period,which can cause cerebral palsy,motor development delay,cognitive dysfunction and learning difficulties and other sequelae,and severely affects the health development and quality of life of the newborn.Neonatal brain injury (NBI) is a wide range of diseases caused by a variety of causes,its clinical manifestations lack specificity,clinically,it is difficult to judge the severity,duration and the time of prenatal injury,and it has been paid much attention to by scientific researchers and clinicians.At present,imaging method is a major means of NBI diagnosis,but imaging examination is usually a lag and limitations.Levels of humoral biomarkers change early after brain injury,and early brain injury can be predicted by detecting their changes.In recent years,a variety of sensitive brain damage biomarkers have been detected in various body fluids of newborns,mainly including neuron-specific enolase (NSE),ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase L1 (UCH L1),S100B protein,tau protein,myelin basic protein (MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and activin A and so on.the application and research progress of these commonly used biomarkers in NBI are reviewed in this paper.

ObjectivesTo investigate the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and cysteine asparate protease-12 (caspase-12) and neuronal apoptosis in the brain of zebraifsh larvae after hypoxia reperfusion, and the neuroprotective effect of taurine.Methods Five day old post-fertilization zebraifsh larvae were randomly assigned into 3 groups, control group, hypoxia reperfusion group (model group) and taurine group, and the taurine group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to different concentrations (1 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L) with 100 zebraifsh larvae each. The behavior, recovery time and median survival time of those zebraifsh larvae after hypoxia with 1h reperfusion were observed and recorded. The pathological changes and apoptosis of neurons were detected by Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling. The expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 in the brain of zebrafish larvae were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group, the recovery time was shortened, the median survival time was extended, the Nissl stained neurons was increased and the apoptotic neurons were decreased in the taurine groups. GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were expressed in model group and taurine group. The expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 was much lower in taurine group than in model group.Conclusions Hypoxia reperfusion may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and taurine may be neuroprotective against hypoxia reperfusion by down-regulating GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12.

Objective To detect the expression pattern of microRNA in A549 cells treated by lipopolysaccharide, study the expression of miRNA-1247-3P in A549 cells under LPS treatment and explore the possible mechanism of miRNA-1247-3P in A549 cells under LPS treatment. Methods A549 cells were divided into experimental and control groups. Immunocytochemical method and RT-PCR were used to detect the changes of SP-A and SP-C. The expression of miRNAs were detected using miRNAs array in different groups. The key miR-1247-3P was collected to detect the changes of miR-1247-3P in all groups using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared with control group, the expressions of SP-A and SP-C were significantly decreased in the experimental groups (P < 0.05). MiRNA array showed that 31 miRNAs were up-regulated and 3 miRNAs were down-regulated. Compared with control group, the expression of miR-1247-3P was significantly increased in the experimental groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The increased expression of miR-1247-3P may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ARDS.

Many factors,especially perinatal asphyxia,can lead to varying degrees of hypoxia brain injury in fetus or newborns within perinatal period.So far,the mechanisms of neonatal cerebral damage caused by hypoxia during the perinatal period have not been clearly demonstrated,and there have no effective drugs or therapeutic methods to improve hypoxia-induced cerebral damage.This review focuses on the recent progress of zebrafish as a model organism of using in research of hypoxia brain injury,including the anatomic and behavior basis,model making,research strategies and the advantages of neurotrophic drug screening.The application of zebrish in the research of neonatal hypoxic brain injury is promising,and may provide a new tool as research in finding out the therapy strategies of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

BACKGROUND:Foreign scholars have researched hypoxia reperfusion in zebrafish embryos, but there is no research on c-fos gene expression and the mechanism during zebrafish cerebral hypoxia reperfusion.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the zebrafish embryonic brain cel apoptosis and expression of c-fos gene in brain tissues after hypoxia reperfusion.
METHODS:Zebrafish embryos were selected at 48 hours post fertilization. Neonatal hypoxia reperfusion injury was simulated by gradual y leading nitrogen (99.999%) into the device. After hypoxia treatment for 6, 12 and 24 hours, the embryos received reperfusion for 6 hours under normal oxygen concentration. The embryos in the control group received normoventilation (the dissolved oxygen concentration was about 7.0 mg/L). Acridine orange staining was performed to observe the effect of different hypoxia durations on the apoptosis of neurons in zebrafish, and then the c-fos gene expression was quantitative analyzed with real-time quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system. And the expression level of c-fos gene was compared before and after hypoxia reperfusion.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A smal amount of apoptotic brain cel s could be detected in the control group, and the c-fos gene expression level was decreased;in the experimental group, the number of apoptotic cel s was increased after hypoxia for 6, 12 and 24 hours, and the gene expression after hypoxia for 6 hours was increased distinctly. The results indicate that hypoxia can increase the c-fos gene expression in brain cel s of zebrafish embryos, which may be one of the mechanisms of brain cel apoptosis increasing after hypoxia.

Objective To evaluate the effects of thalidomide in combination with dexamethasone (ID) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and in patients on stable phase. Methods Sixty-two patients with multiple myeloma were studied, include 25 with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, and 37 in stable phase. For the relapsed or refractory patients, thalidomide and dexamethasone was given at first three cycles, and then other regiments were given to no-response patients. For the all response patients, the second three cycles TD were enforced. On stable phase patients, thalidomide and dexamethasone were given as the second three cycles of relapsed or refractory patients. Then, thalidomide was given persistently until the disease relapse. Results All of the 25 relapsed or refractory patients were accepted the first 3 cycle TD treatment. The total response rate (VGPR+PR+MR) was 80 %. No complete remission (CR) and near CR(nCR) was gained. For the all response patients, the second three cycles TD were enforced. One patient achieved nCR. Thalidomide was given to all response patients. The median remission time was 6.8 (4～12) months. TD regimen was used to the 37 stable phase patients. The median remission time was 17.5 (8～26) months. The remission time of stable remission patients is longer then that of relapsed or refractory patients (P <0.001). Conclusion The combination of thalidomide and dexamethasone is a feasible and active regimen in the treatment of relapsed or refractory, and stable phase myeloma patients.

Objective Marginal division (MrD) of striatum is a universal structure in the mammalian brain,and it plays an critical role in learning and memory.In the present study,we try to investigate the synaptic ultrastructure of Methionine enkephalin (MET-ENK) immunoreacted fibers connected with neurons in the marginal division of the striatum in the monkey brains to explore the ultrastructural basis of the mechanism of learning and memory function in MrD.Methods Six male monkeys (macaque) were perfused with paraformaldehyde through heart to fix the brain and the brains were sectioned by a cryostat.Sections of the brains were performed immunohistochemical staining to detect the MET-ENK expression in the stfiatum; the areas with positive immumohistochemical staining was performed ultrastructural observation for morphological characteristics of the MET-ENK synapses in the MrD.Results Immunohistochemistry staining showed a dense arrangement of MET-ENK immunoreactive cells between the putamen and globus pallidus.Five major types of MET-ENK synapses were identified in the MrD:the axo-dendritic synapses,the axo-spinous synapses,the axo-somatic synapses,the axo-axonic synapses and the compound synapses.Conclusion The MET-ENK synapses in the MrD are diverse and complex,and can be distinguished from the rest of the striatum.

Objective To observe the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with mirror neuronal rehabilitation training system (MNST-V1.0) in post-traumatic unconscious patients after severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A prospective, self controlled and open-label method was used. Thirty-six post-traumatic unconscious patients with severe craniocerebral injury from January 2016 to July 2017 were selected. Four cases of the patients did not complete the treatment and the last 32 cases completed the study. All patients were given routine wake-up therapy, and tDCS combined with MNST-V1.0 (20 min/time, 1 time/d, 6 times/week, a total of 8 weeks) was given at the same time. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS), JFK coma recovery scale and Four coma rating scale before treatment and 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment were recorded. Results The scores of open reaction, language and motor response score of GCS 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment:(1.56 ± 0.82), (2.06 ± 1.01) and (3.11 ± 1.45) scores vs. (1.00 ± 0.45) scores, (2.23 ± 1.06), (2.56 ± 1.08) and (3.02 ± 1.04) scores vs. (1.00 ± 0.61) scores, (2.79 ± 1.12), (3.22 ± 1.33) and (4.44 ± 1.07) scores vs. (1.00 ± 0.54) scores, and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜0.05). The scores of hearing, vision, movement, speech response, communication and arousal of JFK coma recovery scale 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.01). The scores of open reaction, sport reaction, brainstem response of Four coma rating scale 2, 4, 8 weeks after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05); there was no statistical difference in respiratory score of Four coma rating scale before and after treatment (P＞0.05). Conclusions The tDCS combined with MNST-V1.0 can improve the consciousness level in post-traumatic unconscious patients with severe craniocerebral injury, and have the effect of promoting awakening.

ViewRay magnetic resonance (MR) guided radiotherapy system not only solves the problem of imaging dose,but also can set up accurately,online adaptive radiotherapy and gated irradiation according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The development of this system provides a new technical means of accurate radiotherapy.This review describes the main structure of the ViewRay system,and summarizes quality assurance (QA),dosimetric comparison,respiratory motion management,online adaptive radiotherapy,and preliminary treatment effect.