Rotavirus(RV) is a main pathogen that cause infantile diarrhea worldwide,and it can also cause the lesions of multiple body system.With the depth study on RV infection immunity,the mechanism of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis have attracted more attention.T lymphocytes are involved in immunity and the protection of RV infection,CD4 + T cells and the secretion of related Cytokines play a key role in RV infection prevention and removal.It also provids a theoretical basis for the development of vaccine and prevention for extraintestinal infection.

Objects:To describe the distribution regularity of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population and analysis the characteristics of different social demography population through epidemiological investigation of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population.Methods:Using 21,948 cases large sample data of Chinese medical constitution cross-section survey from general population of nine provinces and municipalities(Jiangsu,Anhui,Gansu,Qinghai,Fujian,Beijing,Jilin,Jiangxi and He’nan),from December 2005 to January 2007.8,448 samples in accord with sample data from 1% nationwide population survey in 2005,which could representative the general population of China were randomly selected.Using the standardized Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ) to evaluation the scores of all kinds of Constitutional types(Gentleness type,Qi-defi ciency type,Yang-defi ciency type,Yin-defi ciency type,Phlegm-wetness type,Wet-heat type,Blood-stasis type,Qi-depression type,Special diathesis type).Application Discriminant Analysis to distinguish the individual Constitutional types,and analysis the distribution regularity of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population.Variables grouped by social demographic,use ?2 test to compare the differences in each sub-group’s constitution composition.Results:In the general population in China,Gentleness type accounted for 32.14 percent,eight pathological constitutions accounted for 67.86 percent,and the former three types of eight pathological constitutions were Qi-defi ciency type,Wet-heat type and Yang-deficiency type,which accounted for 13.42 percent,9.08 percent and 9.04 percent respectively.The composition ratio of constitutional types in different geographical,gender,age,marital status,occupation and education level were different,and the difference was signifi cant(P

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze of the prevalence of Norovirus in the foodborne disease surveillance population in Baiyin City in 2015,and provide scientific basis for the prediction,early warning,prevention and control of foodborne diseases caused by Norovirus.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the cases of foodborne disease surveillance.Fecal specimen were collected,and Norovirus GⅠ and GⅡ were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results Three hundred and forty-four foodborne disease cases were reported,78 cases were positive,and the detection rate was 22.7％.Five cases were positive for Norovirus GⅠ,and 71 cases for GⅡ.Two cases were positive for both GⅠ and GⅡ.Forty-six cases were male and 32 cases were female.The oldest patient was 83 years old,and the youngest was only 3 months with an average age of 20.3.Conclusion Norovirus was one of the main foodborne pathogens in the city,and the main epidemic was GⅡ in autumn and winter.Public education and health monitoring should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the adjustment and posttraumatic growth of people with spinal cord injury from the community. Meth-ods From January 2013 to May 2015, Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to interview 12 participants with spinal cord injury from Sunshine Rehibilation Center. Interviews were recorded on audio-tape with participants' permission and then transcribed verbatim. The transcribed interviews were analyzed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results 3 superordinate themes emerged includ-ing struggling in despair, disentangling from the shadow of disability and continuing with life as normal, facing challenge and achieving pos-itive growth. Conclusion It is necessary to explore the process of adjustment and posttraumatic growth of people with spinal cord injury, which contribute to understand their psychological experience, psychological feature, and coping strategies, promote their physical and psy-chological recovery, and provide theory and practice guidance for family and society re-integration.

Hypertension is a kind of chronic disease effecting many population, and its prevalence has a rising trend with the age. It keeps in a increasing trend in chinese population, and follows high rates of prevalence, mortality, morbidity and three low rates of wareness, treatment, control. Hypertension is caused by a number of factors, and its incidence is closely related with unhealthy diets. Its incidence may be decreasing gradually by changing lifestyles, taking healthy and reasonable diet. To provide some basic data of healthy lifestyles and diet for people, describe and summarize the relation of hypertension and diets in this article.

Objective To establish the evidence-based nursing educational programme for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and evaluate the effects in critical care nurses. Methods The evidence-based nursing practice guidelines for preventing VAP from 2008 American Association of Critical Care Nurses was used as training materials,which guided the curriculum design. Seventeen critical care nurses were trained. The difference of the nurses' knowledge and practice was evaluated before and after training by an evaluation scale of nursing quality criteria for preventing VAP. Results After the training,nurses' knowledge and practice of preventing VAP were improved(Z=-3.624,P=0.000). Except the factor score of handwashing,there were significant differences on the factor scores of body position care,endotracheal tube care,enteral nutrition,maintaining the tube cuff pressure,oral care and ventilator equipment management (P<0.01). Conclusion The educational programme of evidence-based nursing for preventing VAP can improve the nurses' knowledge and practice of preventing VAP. Furthermore,it can promote the application of evidence-based nursing for preventing VAP,and thereby to improve the quality of nursing,and provide guidance for the training of critical care nurses and continuing education.

Objective To explore the relationship between the body mass index and health-related quality of life(HRQoL) of young students aged 18～25 years old. Methods 4696 students aged 18～25 years old from nine provinces and municipalities (Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Boijing, Jilin, Jiangxi and He'nan) were investigated. The HRQoL of students with different body mass index were compared with rank sum test and lo-gistic regression analysis. Results Obesity and underweight students scored lower in both physical component and mental component scores of SF-36. Compared to students with normal weight, odds ratios (ORs) of impaired HRQoL among obesity students significantly increased in both physical domain (OR=1.86) and mental domain (OR=1.90), while OR of impaired HRQoL among underweight students significantly increased only in physical domain(OR=1.21). Analysis for boys and girls scparately,OR of impaired HRQoL increased in physical domain among underweight boys(OR=1.37), and increased in mental domain among overweight girls(OR=3.85). Con-clnsion Different body mass index have different impact on young students' HRQoL. Both obesity and trader-weight could reduce HRQoL. But obesity have more impact on girls' mental domain than boys, and underweight have more impact on boys' physical domain than girls.

Objective To explore the decision-making process of medical students who turned the major from the medicine to other majors,and the related factors that hindered them continuing to study the medicine.Methods According to the design of interpretative phenomenon logical analysis,semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect the data.Participants were six undergraduate students who had moved from medical major to another major.Interviews were recorded on audio-tape with the students' permission and then transcribed verbatim.The transcribed interviews were analyzed according to six steps of interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results Even if the participants had left the medical major,they still expressed a strong sense of professional identity for the doctor.However,they also admitted that the professional process of medicine students was very hard and tired,and couldn't get the equal return for their payment.They thus were lack of confidence for the future.Some of the participants talked about the fact that they had been curious about the future of medical students.Internet and seniors were the main avenues for obtaining job-related information,but they were often plagued by the negative information.Education about career adaptation should be carried out as soon as possible,to strengthen the professional identity of medical students,and enhance their ability to defend against negative information,which could help to deal with the status of high turnover rate for medical students.Conclusion Based on the students' perspective,exploring the decision-making process of turning major for medical students will contribute to the educators taking effective strategies to improve the students' career identity,stabilize their professional thought,and reduce the loss of the medical students.

Objective To analyze clinical manifestation and identify prognostic factors in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia after kidney transplantation.Methods Fifty five kidney transplant recipients' data were analyzed in a case-control study of patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of ARDS caused by CMV pneumonia.Results The mortality of ARDS after kidney transplantation was 56.4%;when association with mechanical ventilation,it was 72.5%.In multivariate Logistic regression analysis,numbers of complications (odds ratioOR2.60,95% confidence intervalCI1.00~6.76),severity of diffuse infiltrates in chest X-ray (OR 11.83,CI 1.14~123.07),mechanical ventilation (OR 11.83,CI 1.14~123.07) were independent risk factors to death.Conclusion Even in modern era,kidney transplant recipients with ARDS after kidney transplantation are still at high risk for death.Numbers of complications,severity of diffuse infiltrates in chest X-ray,mechanical ventilation are associated with poor outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of the ethanol extract and fractions from Polygonatum odoratum on renal lesion in diabetic rats. Methods An experimental diabetic rat model was successfully induced by one ip injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Diabetic rats were ig administrated the ethanol extract or fractions for 80 d. Serum levels of creatinine (Cr), urea (Ur), glycosylation hemoglobin (GHb), renal advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and urinary albumin (UAL) excretion rate were determined by biochemical methods. Glomerular volume and renal pathological changes were observed by optic microscope. Results Treatments with the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction decreased the levels of GHb and UAL excretion rate, and inhibited renal AGEs formation and renal pathological changes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion The ethanol extract and chloroform fraction have protective effects on renal lesion in diabetic rats, which might be related to inhibiting AGEs formation.