After lower rectal anterior resection, patients often experience defecation disorders such as increased stool frequency and fecal incontinence. Researches have shown that these disorders may be resulted from pathophysiological consequences such as impaired neorectal compliance, decreased internal anal sphincter function, direct damage or injury of the nervous supply and the loss of rectal sensation.

Caveolin-1 is an important surface structural marker of Caveolae. It is closely involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, signal transduction and multi-drug resistance of various tumor cells. Recent studies have found that altered Caveolin-1 expression has dual roles, as a tumor suppressor and promoter, in different stages of gastrointestinal cancer development and progression. The exact mechanisms of Caveolin-1s' involvement in the development of gastrointestinal cancer remain to be clarified and have attracted the attention of a lot of researchers.

Objective To observe of different facemask pressure controlled ventilation yongon gastric insufflation evaluated by ultrasound in infants during anesthesia induction.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ infants aged 1-3 yr,undergoing elective surgery,were randomly assigned to three groups ac-cording to facemask ventilation pressure:10 cm H 2 O (P10),1 5 cm H 2 O (P1 5 )and 20 cm H 2 O (P20)with twenty in each group.Infants were injected with propofol 2 mg/kg,fentanyl 0.002 mg/kg,cis-atracurium 0.1 5 mg/kg for general anesthesia induction until consciousness lost,then face-mask pressure controlled ventilation was applied for 120 s.Some respiratory parameters (SpO 2 , PET CO 2 )were recorded at the time of loss of consciousness (T0 )and after facemask pressure con-trolled ventilation for 30 s(T1 ),60 s(T2 ),90 s(T3 ),120 s(T4 )and after tracheal intubation(T5 ). The cross-sectional transverse and longitudinal diameter and area were measured respectively using ul-trasound at T0 and T4 .Results In all groups,SpO 2 was greater than or equal to 99% at all time points.PET CO 2 at T1-T5 was significantly higher than that at T0 and PET CO 2 at T5 was higher than that at T4 in all three groups.There were statistically significant increases in the values of the antral cross sectional area before and after facemask pressure controlled ventilation in group P20 (P <0.05). Conclusion During anesthesia induction in infants,1 5 cm H 2 O facemask ventilation pressure can guarantee adequate ventilation,and avoid gastric insufflation.

Objective To explore the effects of murinecytomegalovirus(MCMV)infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEF)on the proliferation and activation of regulatory T cell in vitro. Methods A co-culture system of T cell and MCMV infected MEF(T-MEF MCMV)was established.The viral load of supernatant was determined by plaque assay.The proliferation of T cells was observed with cell counting.The proportion of CD4+ CD25+ cells was measured by flow cytometry.The levels of Foxp3 protein were measured by Western blot.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was utilized tO determine whether MCMV infection of MEF influenced the level of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β mRNA.The level of TGF-β protein in supernatant was measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The difference between T-MEF MCMV group and control group was assessed by one-way ANOVA.Results When T cells were co-cultured with MCMV infected MEF for 1 day and 3 days,the viral load in supernatant decreased.But when co-culture lasted for 6 days,the antiviral effect obviously diminished,as the viral load[(5.58±0.67)×105 PFU/mL]of the experimental group showed no statistic difference with MEF MCMV control group[(6.05±0.34)×105PFU/mL].When co-cultured with MCMV infected MEF for 3 days,T cell increased from pre-culture level of[(2.02±0.05)×106/mL]to(2.25± 0.13)×106/mL(P＜0.05).But when co-culture lasted for 6 days,the number of T eelI returned to (2.08±0.14)×106/mL,which had no statistic difference with that of co-culture for 3 days system. Both the expressions of Foxp3 protein and the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in T-MEF MCMV group were up-regulated as the infection time extended,which were two times and three times of the control group level,respectively.The mRNA level(A value)of TGF-β in MCMV infected MEF increased from baseline of 1.09±0.13 to 3.15±0.54 on day 3 after infection.The expression of TGF-β in supernatant 3 days after infection was(3.85±0.32) μg/L,which was significantly higher than that before infection[(1.74±0.14)μg/L,P＜0.05].Conclusions Activated T cells have antiviral effect.However,the function of T cells is rapidly inhibited after activation,which may be due to the expression of Foxp3 mRNA induced by MCMV infected MEF and increased CD4+ CD25+ Treg proportion of the co-cultured T cells.TGF-β level is significantly increased after CMV infection,which may be an important mechanism of Treg proliferation.MCMV may manipulate Treg to evade specific immune elimination and,as a result,to cause CMV replication.

Objective To compare the outcome and early patency rate of revascularization treatment for patients with iliac artery occlusion or stenosis.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 105 cases of iliac artery occlusion or stenosis from January 2009 to April 2014.49 were with iliac artery occlusion and 56 with iliac artery stenosis.Results The demographics,and comorbidities were not statistically different between the 2 groups.The occlusion group had more critical limb ischemia and the ankle-brachial index was lower than the stenosis group.The occlusion group underwent more hybrid surgery and used more covered stents in the operation.The peri-operative complication was higher in the occlusion group,but the difference was not statistically different.The ABI improved significantly for all patients after surgery.The early patency rate was similar in the 2 groups.Conclusions Revascularization treatment for patients with iliac artery occlusion and stenosis was safe and effective,with similar early patency rate and peri-operative complications between the two groups.

Objective To detect the expression of SSX and to correlate it with clinical indicators of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The expression of SSX1-5 mRNA and SSX1 protein were respectively detected by RT-PCR and Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining.The relation between the expression of SSX mRNA and SSX1 protein with clinical indicators were analysed.Results SSX1,SSX2,and SSX3 mRNA were expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines BEL-7404,Hep G2,and SMMC-7721.In 26 HCC samples,SSX1-SSX5 mRNA was detectable in 53.8％,42.3％,50.0％,46.2％ and 26.9％.The expression of SSX1 mRNA was not related to serum AFP levels (P ＞0.05).Specific expression was both found in the normal group and the high value group.The expression rate of SSX1 mRNA was 85.7％ in the older group,which was higher than in the younger group (16.7％,P ＜ 0.05).The expression rate of SSX1 protein was 50％ in HCC tissues,which was not seen in the caner-adjacent or cirrhosis tissues.In 49 HCC paraffin tissue section samples,the expression rate of SSX1 protein was higher than that in caner-adjacent tissues (46.9％ vs 18.4％,P ＜ 0.05).The expression rate of SSX1 protein was 68.3％ in the large hepatocellular carcinoma group,which was higher than in the small hepatocellular carcinoma group (29.6％),(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions SSX1 mRNA is expressed with a high percentage and specificity in HCC and their products are new potential promising targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy of HCC.The detection of SSX1 expression has the potential value for auxiliary diagnosis of HCC.

Objective To identify the glycometabolism features ofC57BL/Ksj db/+ mice at gestational period and provide the evidence for the mice used as the animal model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods Ten C57BL/Ksj db/+ female mice and ten wild female mice were randomly selected and mated with wild male mice respectively.Day 3 before mating,days 6,11 and 17 of pregnancy,and day 6 after delivery represented pre pregnancy,early-pregnancy,mid-pregnancy,late-pregnancy and post-pregnancy periods,respectively.The levels of glucose tolerance and fasting insulin of female mice were compared at progestation,different gestational periods and puerperium between the two groups.Days 6,11,14,17 and 20 (before labor) of pregnancy served as five time-points of pregnancy,leptin levels of female mice of the two groups were dynamically monitored during pregnancy,and analyzed at different gestational ages.The data were analyzed by Tukey test of one-way ANOVA.Results (1) Compared with the normal pregnant mice,the levels of glucose tolerance of C57BL/Ksj db/+ female mice were significantly decreased,while the levels of fasting insulin were dramatically increased with the progression of pregnancy [day 6 of pregnancy,(8.6 ± 0.6) mU/L vs (7.5 ±1.1) mU/L; day 11 of pregnancy,(9.8±0.6) mU/L vs (8.5± 1.1) mU/L; day 17 of pregnancy,(10.4±0.8) mU/L vs (9.9±0.5) mU/L; t=1.859,4.056 and 3.078,P=0.085,0.000 and 0.000] and recovered to the pre-pregnancy level after delivery.(2) The level of leptin in serum of C57BL/Ksj db/+ pregnant mice was significantly higher than that at non-pregnant period [pre-pregnancy and days 6,11,14,17 and 20 of pregnancy:(911.0±238.8) ng/L,(1 342.2± 132.3) ng/L,(1 821.9±238.2) ng/L,(1 816.3± 142.3) ng/L,(1 752.4± 126.6) ng/L,and (1 926.4±61.6) ng/L,respectively; t=3.887,8.210,8.161,7.585 and 9.153,P=0.005,0.000,0.000,0.000 and 0.000],but showed no apparent change with the gestational ages after mid-gestation.Conclusion Changes of glycometabolism and the levels of leptin and insulin of C57BL/Ksj db/+ pregnant mice during pregnancy are similar to those of GDM patients,the levels of fasting insulin are dramatically increased with the progression of pregnancy,and return to normal after delivery,the level of leptin is higher than that at non-pregnant period,but is not correlated with the gestational ages.C57BL/Ksj db/+ pregnant mice can be used as the animal model of GDM.

Objective To evaluate selective retention of the great saphenous vein (GSV) belowknee in the prevention of saphenous nerve injury during varicose veins surgery.Methods From January 2009 to January 2012,280 consecutive patients with incompetence of the GSV resulting in varicose veins were prospectively randomized into 2 groups.Patients in the experimental group underwent stripping restricted to the below knee level,patients in control group underwent GSV stripping to the ankle level Patients in the two groups were treated with transilluminated powered phlebectomy,and foam sclerotherapy.Primary end points were postoperative pain,saphenous nerve injury,quality of life and recurrence rate.Results After one month follow-up:5.71％ patients had symptoms of nervous system in the observation group,14.29％ patients had symptoms of nervous system in the control group (P =0.02).After 1 year follow-up,1.47％ patients had symptoms of nervous system in the observation group,7.14％ patients had symptoms of nervous system in the control group (P =0.02).Conclusions Selective retention of great saphenous vein below-knee decreases saphenous nerve injury.

Objective To explore changes of anti-HCV antibody and HCV-RNA in patients with HCV infection and its clinical significance in diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C .Methods Serum samples from patients with HCV infection were collected . HCV antibodies were analyzed with a chemiluminescence micro-particle immunoassay method ,while a PCR-fluorescent probe meth-od was used to detect HCV-RNA .Concentrations of ALT and AST were also determined .Based on the concentrations of ALT , AST and HCV-RNA ,samples were divided into two groups respectively and the changes of different indicators were analyzed and compared .Meanwhile samples from 37 HCV-infected patients were collected continuously .Different indicators after treatment were compared with those before treatment .Results HCV-Ab and logarithm values of RNA load in the group with abnormal concentra-tions of ALT and AST were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0 .05) .HCV-Ab ,ALT and AST concentrations in HCV-RNA positive group were significantly higher than those in HCV-RNA negtive group(P<0 .05) .The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve of HCV-Ab and logarithm values of RNA load were 0 .990 and 0 .838 respectively .Concentrations of ALT ,AST and logarithm values of RNA load after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0 .05) while there was no significance between HCV-Ab level after treatment and that before treatment (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The diagnostic performance of HCV-Ab is better than that of logarithm values of RNA load .Determination of ALT ,AST and HCV-RNA is of clinical importance in monitoring the effect of hepatitis C treatment .

Objective To explore the role of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells(Treg)in the co-culture svstem consisting of T cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts(MEF)infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)in vitro.Methods A co-culture system of T cells and MCMV infected MEF(MEFMCMV)was established.The viral load in the supernatants was determined by plaque assay.TH1/TH2 differentiation-specific transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 were assayed by Western blot.The levels of cytokines IL-4,IL-10and IFN-γ in the co-culture supenatants were measured by double-antibody sandwich ELISA.Results After 3 d incubation,the viral load in the supernatants of TdepTreg-MEFMCMC group,in which the T cells depleted Treg(TdepTreg)were co-cultured together with MEFMVMV,was significantly lower than that in MEFMCMV group.And in the co-cultivation of MEFMCMV and T cells without Treg the expressions of T-bet/GATA-3,IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ incteased significantly.Compared with the virus content in the TdepTreg-MEFMCMV group,the MCMV load in the"add-on Treg group"increased and the levels of T-bet/GATA-3 and IFN-γ were lower,and the expression of IL-4 didn't show any significant difference. Compared with the level of IL-10 in the TdepTreg-MEFMCMV group,the IL-10 level in the"add-on TREG group"didn't show any significant differece when the Treg ratio among total T cells was 1%～2%,and increased significantly when the Treg ratio was more than 5%.These eflfects were all correlated with Treg ratios in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion MCMV infected MEF can induce the proliferation and activation of effector T cells,but Treg can inhibit the T cell-mediated protective effect on MCMV infection.