Objective To investigate the risk factors with placental abruption in patients with preeclampsia.Methods Retrospective analysis on medical documents of 219 patients treated in Peking University Third Hospital from Jan.1994 to Dec.2008.Patients were divided into 3 groups, including 52 cases with severe preeclampsia terminated following placental abruption, 130 cases only with severe preeclampsia and 37 cases with unexplained placental abruption without preeclampsia.One hundred and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors for placental abruption in patients with preeclampsia.Results (1) When compared with those in control group, univariate analysis showed that gravidity, parity, history of preeclampsia, second and third trimester pregnancy loss, history of autoimmune disease, chronic hypertension disease, lack of regular antenatal care, fetal growth restriction (FGR) and raises of umbilical artery Doppler resistance were risk factors associated with placental abruption.Logistic regression analysis showed that lack of a regular antenatal care ( OR = 45.348, 95% CI: 17.096 - 120.288,P = 0.000 ), FGR ( OR = 27.087, 95% CI: 5.585 - 131.363, P = 0.000 ) and second/third trimester pregnancy loss( OR = 16.068, 95% CI: 1.698 - 152.029, P = 0.015 ) were independent risk factors with placental abruption.(2) When compared with those in preeclampsia patients without placental abruption,the history of preeclampsia ( OR = 3.715,95% CI: 1.096 - 12.596, P = 0.035 ) and lack of a regular antenatal care( OR = 2.509,95% CI:1.173 -5.370,P =0.018) were risk factors for placental abruption in preeclampsia.Conclusion Lack of regular antenatal care, FGR, history of preeclampsia and second/third trimester pregnancy loss were risk factors associated with placental abruption in patients with preeclampsia.

Purpose　The aim is to develop a new method for the determination of the activity of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Met hods　 Rat hepatocytes were prep ared by collagenase perfusion and incubated at 5% CO2 incubator for 1.5 h. The n HGF was added into the culture medium and incubated at 5% CO2 incubator for 1.5 h. The cell viability was determined by MTT method.Results　～1 142 μg/ml improved the number of cell viability significantly （AHGF/Acontrol） ＞2.Conclusion　Th is new method was stable, time-saving and of good reappearance. It was adapted to the determination of HGF activity.

Objective To explore the relationship between interleukin-18 (IL-18) and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),and between SLE and early atherosclerosis.Method A total of 59 female patients with SLE were divided into three groups according to the level of IL-18:＜2× 107g/L (A group,19 cases),2.0-3.2 × 107 g/L (B group,22 cases),≥ 3.2 × 107 g/L (C group,18 cases).The cardiovascular risk factors including body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),fasting insulin and glucose,plasma glucose,plasma lipid,brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) were determined in all patients.Result Plasma levels of insulin,triglyceride,homocysteine and values of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA IR) in SLE patients with IL-18 ≥3.2×107 g/L were significant higher than patients with IL-1＜2× 107 g/L or 2-3.2 × 107 g/L (F =15.61,4.06,11.18,8.49;P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).About 72.88％ patient had hyperhomocysteinaemia which lead to significantly increase the level of IL-18 (P＜0.05).The level of IL-18 of patients in A,B and C groups were (208.75 ± 23.21),(261.20± 17.82) and (339.05 ± 32.54),and it increased significantly as IL-18 increase (P＜0.05).The level of IL-18 was increased as risk factors of SLE including baPWV,level of insulin and IR increased (P =0.019,0.002,0.000).Conclusion The synergistic effects of hyperinsulinaemia,insulin resistance,hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular stiffness most likely contribute to the elevation of plasma IL-18 concentrations in patients with SLE.

Objective To study the effect application,method,time, and indwelling double J internal tube in the operation of upper urinary tract.Methods The double J of tubes were used as internal drainage and internal stent for 1～2 months in the operation of upper urinary tract in 104 patients with nephrolithiasis, ureteral calculi,PUJ obstruction,megaloureter syndrome and bladder tumor.Result No complications such as wound infection,leakage of urine occurrence after operation.Conclusions The double J tubes had the dual functions of internal sent and internal drainage. The double J tubes can be indwelled easily and safely.

Objective To detect beta-human papilloma virus (HPV) and determine its genotype in actinic keratosis (AK) lesions.Methods Tissue specimens were collected from the lesions of 39 patients with AK and normal skin of 40 healthy controls.A nested PCR was performed to detect alpha-HPV and beta-HPV DNA in these specimens.The genotype of beta-HPV was determined in beta-HPV DNA-positive specimens by a common PCR using specific primers targeting 12 HPV genotypes,including HPV 5,8,15,17,19,20,21,23,36,38,49 and 80.Results The detection rate of beta-HPV DNA was 84.6％ (30/39) in the patients with AK,and 30.0％ (12/40) in the healthy controls (x2 =6.76,P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was observed in the detection rate of alpha-HPV DNA between the two groups (12.8％ vs.7.5％,x2 =0.91,P ＞ 0.05).HPV 38 was the predominant genotype of beta-HPV in these patients with a detection rate of 36％ (12/33),followed by HPV36.The prevalence of all the 12 genotypes of HPV was consistently low in the healthy controls.Mixed HPV infections were observed in 10 AK lesions,but in none of the healthy controls.No statistical difference was noted in the positivity rate of beta-HPV among patients at different ages,of different genders,with different occupations or clinical courses (x2 =0.53,0.94,0.81,0.73,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with healthy controls,the patients with AK showed a higher beta-HPV infection rate,with HPV38 as the predominant genotype.

Objective To explore central mechanism of metformin(MET)in salt -sensitive hypertensive rats by assessing the effect of metformin on inflammation and oxidative stress in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN),sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure.Methods Eight -week -old male Dahl salt -sensitive rats were divided into 4 groups:the normal -salt diet control group[0.3% NaCl +intracerebroventricular(ICV)artificial cerebrospinal fluid(aCSF)],the normal -salt diet with MET group(0.3% NaCl +ICV MET 25μg/d],the high -salt diet control group (8% NaCl +ICV aCSF),the high -salt diet with MET group (8% NaCl +ICV MET 25μg/d). Mean arterial pressure(MAP)was determined every week by a tail -cuff occlusion.After 6 weeks,all rats were eutha-nized,and blood and brain tissues were collected.Then,the plasma norepinephrine(NE,an indicator of sympathetic activity)was detected by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay(ELISA).The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL -10 and NOX -2[a subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase],superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the PVN were detected by immunofluorescence,immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detec-ted by dihydroethidium(DHE)staining.Results The MAP level of high -salt diet with metformin group was attenu-ated compared with that of the high -salt diet control group[(129.55 ±6.52)mmHg vs.(154.47 ±6.57)mmHg, F =121.90,P <0.05].The change of plasma NE level of high -salt diet with metformin group was lower compared with that of the high -salt diet control group[(364.57 ±30.73)pg/mL vs.(547.68 ±25.08)pg/mL,F =179.24, P <0.05].The expression levels of IL -1β,IL -6,NOX -2 and ROS were markedly higher in high -salt diet with metformin than those of the high -salt diet control group(F =27.80,21.20,22.48,31.99,all P <0.05),which of IL -10 and SOD was lower(F =17.69,23.69,all P <0.05).Conclusion Metformin may attenuate blood pressure in salt -sensitive hypertensive rats,at least partly via decreasing inflammatory molecules and inhibiting oxidative stress in the PVN,subsequently inhibiting sympathoexcitation.

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province,in order to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of the disease.Methods Xining city,Ping'an,Haiyan,Tianjun,Jiuzhi,Henan and Dari Counties were selected as monitoring counties(city) in Qinghai Province,and three or four townships(towns) were selected as monitoring points in each county.People aged from 6 to 60 closely contacted with livestock were monitored.The methods of rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) and standard tube agglutination test(SAT) were used for serological testing.Results A total of 4 331 people from 6 counties and 1 city were examined for brucellosis,and 225 people (by RBPT) of them were serologically confirmed with a positive rate of 5.19％.SAT positive 63 people,the average positive rate was 1.45％.Two hundred and twenty-five people were infected and the average infection rate was 5.19％.Fifty-six new cases were discovered.Conclusion Human brucellosis has increased in Qinghai Province,effective prevention and cure should be adopted to prevent its outbreak.

BACKGROUND:Hydrothermal condition of oral environment has an effect on the mechanical properties of dental core materials.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate effect of water storage on the weight change rates and flexural properties of three dual-cure core buildup composite resins.
METHODS: Rectangular specimens (25 mm×2 mm×2 mm) were prepared from three dual-cure core buildup composite resins (LuxaCore Smartmix Dual, Para core and Clearfil DC Core). Specimens were stored in distiled water at 37℃ for 0, 1 day, 1, 2, 3 weeks and 1 month, respectively, weighted and then subjected to three-point bending test in a universal testing machine.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Weight change rates of the three composite resins increased with immersion time; at the same immersion time, weight change rates of three composite resins ranked as the folowing order: LuxaCore Smartmix Dual > ParaCore > Clearfil DC Core. The flexural strength of LuxaCore Smartmix Dual decreased with immersion time. The flexural strength of ParaCore showed no significant change during 3 weeks immersion (P > 0.05), while it showed a significant decreasing after 1 month immersion (P < 0.05). There was no significant change on the flexural strength of Clearfil DC Core in the whole immersion process(P > 0.05). The flexural modulus of LuxaCore Smartmix Dual showed a decreased trend in the whole immersion process, but it showed that there was no significant change during the first 2 weeks(P > 0.05), while a significant decrease occurred after 3 weeks and 1 month (P < 0.05). Compared with original specimens, the flexural modulus of ParaCore and Clearfil DC Core showed a decreased trend, but this change was not significant (P > 0.05); the flexural properties of three composite resins showed a fluctuant decreased trend along with weight changes increased. To sum up, Clearfil DC Core showed the best water resistance among three composite resins.

The microbial transformation of buflomedil by Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.153 was studied, as well as a microbial model which can be used to mimic metabolism of buflomedil in mammal was established. Experiments were conducted to screen the capabilities of four strains of Cunninghamella species to transform buflomedil, in which C. blakesleana AS 3.153 was selected for a preparative biotransformation. Furthermore, the microbial model was established based on the transformation condition optimization. The parent drug and its metabolites produced by C. blakesleana AS 3.153 were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and three metabolites were identified while two of them were new found metabolites. Two major metabolites, para-O-desmethyl buflomedil and 12-C-oxidated buflomedil, were isolated by semi-preparative HPLC. Based on the comparison between different species, the microbial transformation of buflomedil by C. blakesleana AS 3.153 is more similar to the metabolism of buflomedil in human and Beagle dog than that in rat.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2013.06.004