Objective:To study the effect of insulin like growth factor 1 and insulin on the promoter activity of human ?1(Ⅰ) procollagen (COL1A1) gene and the influence of tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF?), interferon ? (IFN?) and interferon ?(IFN?) on the effect Methods:Two deletion constructs,pCOLH0 27 and pCOLH2 5 ,containing portions of 5' flanking region of the gene ( 268～+42 bp and 2 483～+42 bp respectively) ligated to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene ,were transiently transfected into human skin fibroblasts The cells were subsequently treated with IGF 1 or insulin, and TNF? or IFN? or IFN? The CAT activity was assessed 24 h after the cytokines added Results:The results showed that 13 nmol/L IGF 1 caused 3 68 fold and 4 04 fold increase in the CAT activity of pCOLH0 27 and pCOLH2 5 respectively and that 2 5 ?mol/L insulin caused 3 69 fold and 3 93 fold increase in the activity of the two plasmids respectively TNF?,IFN? and IFN? reduced IGF 1 or insulin induced promoter activity of pCOLH2 5 Conclusion:IGF 1 and insulin could increase the promoter activity of the human (COL1A1) gene TNF?,IFN? and IFN? could suppress the promoter activity induced by IGF 1 and insulin

Objective To establish the method for detecting human Bocavirus (HBoV) by a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and to assay HBoV from nasopharyngeal samples of children with acute respiratory tract infections.Methods The specific primers and Taqman probes of targeted HBoV NP1 gene were designed.The aimed fragment of NP1 gene was amplified with PCR and ligated into a pCEM-T Easy vector to set up the standards.The method for detection of NP1 gene using FQ-PCR was established.The sensitivity and specificity of the method had been tested.Then 195 clinical specimens were subsequently tested.Results The specificity of this method was excellent.The linear amplification of the assay ranges from 10 copies/μl to 10~8 copies/μl.Twelve specimens were tested positive for HBoV in 195 clinical specimens (6.2%).Conclusions The method for detection of HBoV NP1 geneby real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was established successfully.It can offer fast and reliable diagnosis for HBoV infection.

Objective To analyze the general situation of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating perimenopausal insomnia, as well as the treatment methods and acupoints selection.Method Domestic databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, and database of China Biomedical Literature (CBM) were retrieved by using computer, and the literatures related to acupuncture-moxibustion in treating perimenopausal insomnia, published till December of 2014 were recruited. The general data, treatment methods, and acupoints selection of the eligible studies were statistically analyzed.Result Finally 85 studies were enrolled, of which, 76 were clinical trials with acupoints recorded; according to the frequency, the treatment methods were dry acupuncture-moxibustion methods (57.9%), comprehensive treatment of Chinese medicine (23.7%), and integrated method of Chinese and Western medicine (18.4%); the use of body acupuncture ranked the top (51.3%) among the acupuncture-moxibustion methods, followed by auricular point therapy (23.7%), moxibustion (9.2%), abdominal acupuncture (7.9%), and acupoint application (7.9%); the following acupoints ranked the top 10 among the used acupoints: Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenmen (HT 7), Baihui (GV 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Taichong (LR 3), Xinshu (BL 15), Taixi (KI 3), Neiguan (PC 6), Pishu (BL 20), and Zusanli (ST 36). The corresponding meridians in order were the Bladder Meridian, Spleen Meridian, Kidney Meridian, Governor Vessel, Liver Meridian, Heart Meridian, Stomach Meridian, Conception Vessel, Pericardium Meridian, Gallbladder Meridian, Large Intestine Meridian, and Triple Energizer Meridian; the used points were mostly distributed on lower limbs, then head and neck, back, upper limbs, and chest and abdomen.Conclusion Currently, the research in this field is focused on clinical prevention and treatment, while the theory and mechanism studies are comparatively less; based on the treatment principle of targeting the fundamental cause, it also presents the principle of selecting points according to meridians and regions in the treatment of perimenopausal insomnia with acupuncture-moxibustion.

The clinical practice in Pediatrics of Chinese medicine is the first step of the students to combine the theory with the clinical practice. The optimization teaching methods for clinical practice in Pediatrics of Chinese medicine was formed by using Delphi method of the extensive consultation from experts in colleges and universities of Pediatrics of Chinese medicine. We used this teaching method in students of Beijing University of Chinese medicine in 2011. Comprehensive evaluation to the implementation of effect was from assessment from students and analysis of exam results. The results showed that based on the survey of the students in the practice, the students in the experimental group give more positive evaluation than the control group on the necessity, satisfaction and harvest in the clinical practice in pediatrics of Chinese medicine.

Objective To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of group A/C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine.Methods The double-blind,randomized,parellel controlled,single central clinical trial was carried out to evaluat safety and immunogenicity of MCV-A/C.Results 4-fold rise rate of antibody to group A,C and A/C were more than 90 percent after MCV.The GMTs of antibody serogroup A and C were more than 1:150 in four trial groups aged 3-5 months,6-23 months,2-15 years and 16-30 years,for which the susceptive subjects seroprotected.There were no significant differences between MCV and the control group in the systemic and local reactions rates.The systemic and local reactions rates after the first,second and third dose of MCV were low.And no severe systemic and local reactions.Conclusion Group A/C MCV was safe and immunogenic for the population≥ 3 months old.Registration National Food drugs Surveillance administrative bureau,Medicine Clinical Experiment Written Directive from a superior" number:2006L04776.

Three compounds were isolated from the extract of Taxus cuspidta Sibe et Zucc with the column chromatography on silica gel and preparative HPLC methods. Their structures were identified according to the physicochemical properties and spectral analysis, and they were identified as (E)-1-methoxy-2-O-(p-coumaroyl)-myo-inositol (1), 2-deacetoxy-7beta, 9a, 10beta-trideacetyltaxinine J (2) and (3aS, 4aR, 6S, 8S, 8aS, 9R, 10R, 10aS)-benz[f]azulene-6, 8, 9, 10 (3H)-terol, 3a, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a, 9, 10-decahydro-10a-(1-hydroxyl-1-methylethyl)-1, 8a-dimethyl-5-methylene (3). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2, 3 were two novel natural products.

OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of acupuncture on the subjective symptom, sleep quality and sleep efficiency in the patients of insomnia differentiated as spleen deficiency or non-spleen deficiency in terms of the spleen and stomach theory.

METHODSSixty patients with insomnia were divided into a spleen deficiency group and a non-spleen deficiency group, 30 cases in each one. In the two groups, acupuncture was applied at Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Tianshu (ST 25). The treatment was given once every other day, five times as one course, and two courses were required. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to observe the changes in the patients' subjective symptoms. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was adopted to observe the changes of patients' sleep quality. The sleep efficiency was applied to observe the changes in sleep time. The clinical efficacy was determined.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was both 80. 0% (24/30) after 5 and 10 treatments in the spleen deficiency group and was 76. 7% (23/30) and 80. 0% (24/30) respectively in the non-spleen deficiency group. The differences were not significant between the two groups (both P >0. 05). The AIS total scores and PSQI total scores were reduced apparently after 5 and 10 treatments as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 01). The difference at each time point was not significant between the two groups (all P>0. 05). The sleep efficiency after 5 and 10 treatments was all improved as compared with that before the treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture based on the spleen and stomach theory achieves possibly the same clinical efficacy in the patients of insomnia differentiated as those with spleen deficiency and non-spleen deficiency. It relieves the subjective symptoms and improves the sleep quality and sleep efficiency in the patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Stomach ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of pulsed ultrasound on skeletal muscle fibrosis after injury.Methods Thirty elderly male rats with gastrocnemius muscle injury were divided into an ultrasound group (UG) and a control group (CG) using a random number table.The injured muscles in the UG were treated using pulsed ultrasound (frequency 1 MHz,average strength 40 mW/cm2,duty cycle 20％) for 10 min daily from day 3 after the injury.The CG was given no treatment.On days 3,7,14,21 and 28 after the injury,histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the gastrocnemius muscles of both groups were performed.Results The collagen fiber mean optical density of the muscles increased gradually after the injury and reached its peak on day 21.It was significantly lower in the UG than in the CG on each test day.The expression of α-SMA increased gradually after the injury,but it too remained significantly lower in UG than that in CG.Conclusion Pulsed ultrasound may reduce collagen formation and α-SMA expression in injured skeletal muscle,and then inhibit muscle fibrosis.

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to detect intracellular Ca 2+ changes in living brain slices during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and reveal the role of intracellular Ca 2+ in the cerebral I/R injury. METHODS: The model of focal cerebral I/R was established in rats by reversible inserting a nylon thread, and dynamic change of intracellular Ca 2+ in brain slices was determined using laser confocal imaging system. RESULTS: ① Ca 2+ gradually enhanced with increase in ischemic time in cortex and striatum. ②At 1 h ischemia/ 10 min reperfusion, Ca 2+ increased significantly in striatum, but Ca 2+ decreased at 3 h reperfusion compared with 10 min reperfusion. ③ Ca 2+ markedly enhanced at 6 h ischemia compared with 1 h ischemia, and after 3 h reperfusion Ca 2+ decreased, but was still higher than that in sham-operation group. ④The striatum is more sensitive than cortex to ischemia/reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Ca 2+ overload in the area of cortex and striatum may play an important role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective:To review the drug absorption evaluation methods for pulmonary delivery. Methods: The drug absorption cell models, in vitro pulmonary membrane model and in vivo animal model were systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of those models and applications were reviewed by referring to the databases in CNKI and Pubmed. Results:The appro-priate animal model and method for the study of pulmonary absorption should be chosen according to the experimental purpose and char-acteristics of drugs. Conclusion:The review provides the thoughts and theoretical basis for the research and development of pulmonary delivery.